CN108668830A - A kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix - Google Patents
A kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668830A CN108668830A CN201810301232.9A CN201810301232A CN108668830A CN 108668830 A CN108668830 A CN 108668830A CN 201810301232 A CN201810301232 A CN 201810301232A CN 108668830 A CN108668830 A CN 108668830A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrixs, include the component of following weight percent meter：Decomposed matrix 40% 45%, thermal insulation material 4 6%, vermiculite 5 7%, biological organic fertilizer 40 45%, sandy soil 1 2%, biological bactericide 0.1 0.3%, biological insecticides 0.1 0.3%, inorganic composite fertilizer 1 2%.The present invention using disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix made of above-mentioned raw materials and proportioning there is good drought-resistant water-preserving, organic fertilizer to delay controlled capability, with sufficient organic matter and minerals, it is environmentally safe, the green and healthy vegetables that quality is good, disease-free can be turned out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bio-matrix technical field, more particularly to a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable plantation
Matrix.
Background technology
Vegetable is a kind of novel live body vegetables, can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense Vegetable, narrow sense Vegetable is just
It is to be planted in plant factor or heliogreenhouse using organic substrate in size plastic basin.Broad sense potting is exactly in the earth, daylight
The organic substrate that greenhouse or plant factor ground are laid with 10-15cm thickness carries out vegetable cultivation.
There are the following problems for Vegetable planting matrix at present:1, vegetables are usually to search for food in growth to family, it is desirable that no
Can long insect and disease, once occur pest and disease damage will pesticide grown, not denier injury and serious is brought to house person health
Environment is polluted, vegetables cannot guarantee that the quality of green non-pollution.2, Vegetable is grown in customer households, once client is long
Time does not water, and vegetables may be withered or dead because of water shortage.3, current organic soilless cultivation vegetables matrix is adopted
With chemical fertilizer, vegetables cannot be guaranteed quality, and a period of time of growth at home is due to the quick-acting releases of chemical fertilizer, basin
It plants vegetables and will appear that fertilizer deficiency power is withered or undergrowth, it is even dead.We are using slow controlled release organic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure.It presses
Vegetable growth control release, meets the vegetable growth of different phase.Organic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure use animal wastes and plant straw
Stalk, which carries out microbial fermentation, becomes organic fertilizer, has slow controlled capability.4, current organic soilless vegetable culture substrate proportioning letter
Single, the vegetables of plantation can lack mineral element, especially micro-.5, vegetable growth is in addition to fertilizer and mineral matter element, also
Flora, bacterium and the viral environment needed.
Existing a large amount of experiment shows：Medium characteristics are the restraining factors for influencing plant growth and quality, host material
Proportioning is different, then the amount of dry matter of seedling root long, leaf area, overground part and underground part, chlorophyll content and root activity and from
Absorption of son etc. is also different.
Vegetable-cultivating organic matrix selects improper due to raw material at present, and quality is not suitable for, and is retained the resiliency of gas permeability
Difference, pH is unstable, cultivation matrix have fermentation substrate C/N ratios and different organic substrate C/N ratios it is different, add N amounts with
Fermentation time also it is noted that the additive amount of N, the additive amount of N is excessive when as carried out stalk fibre class pre-treatment locate by different from
It is higher that matrix after reason is susceptible to conductivity (EC) value, to influence plant growth；The C/N ratios of similar organic host materials
There are domains of walker for value, and can change with time and change, and there are larger technology hardly possiblies for the selection of cultivation matrix and proportioning
Topic, once and bacterium environmental degradation the infection of a large amount of plant can be caused dead or be exactly largely using highly toxic pesticide root
It controls, can not ensure the quality of vegetables.Therefore it provides a kind of vegetable cultivation that can partly or entirely solve above-mentioned technical problem
Matrix is a problem of those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix, including following components, by weight
Measure percentages：
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Present invention employs decomposed matrix, thermal insulation material, vermiculite, biological organic fertilizer, sand
Soil and biological insecticides and biological bactericide are that vegetable cultivation matrix is made in raw material, and the matrix quality is suitable, are retained ventilative delay
Punching property is good, and pH stablizes, and the C/N ratios for having fermentation substrate of cultivation matrix are suitable and stablize relatively, planted using the cultivation matrix
Vegetables no disease and pests harm and yield is significantly improved, the standard of organic vegetable plantation can be reached.
Above-mentioned decomposed matrix can contain a large amount of microbe compositions using crop material, sawdust, people's poultry manure etc.
Biological material obtains after bacterial community microbial fermentation is fully decomposed；It is obtained especially by following methods：
1, material prepares
Feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, sawdust are subjected to place drying, so that moisture is reduced to 20-30%, dried
Cheng Zhong suitably crushes material, reduces blocky manure content in material, is matched using the super broad spectrum of bacteria group strains of JGB
Set bacterium solution.
The above-mentioned super broad spectrum of bacteria groups of JGB include saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis composite bacterial, filiform
Bacterium, saccharomycete, actinomyces, pseudomonas (G-), Flavobacterium, Corynebacterium, achromobacter, acinetobacter, bead
Pseudomonas, cyanobacteria, Rocca Bordetella, mycobacterium, has a mould spore, aspergillus, Penicillium, yeast to have Candida at vibrio
Belong to (Candida), Rhodotorula, Torulopsis flora, per mL complex microorganism bacterium solutions in various microorganisms clump count
More than 104；The complex microbial community can with fast decoupled organic fertilizer, effectively kill harmful bacteria in fermentate, worm, worm's ovum,
Grass-seed and antibiotic residue of degrading improve available potassium, phosphorus and free state nitrogen content and are enriched with organic acid, peptide isoreactivity substance,
Fully improve fertilizer efficiency.
Above-mentioned complex microorganism bacterium solution addition can be that material per ton is added 10-50 kilograms.
2, spice
Material through drying is carried out to be sufficiently mixed acquisition mixed material, mixed material and the abundant turning mixing of bacterium solution, is mixed
Material moisture after even is in 40-60%.Above-mentioned mixed method can first divide a part for material after mixing in ground
On face, then 1-2 centimeters or so of thickness sprays the super broad spectrum of bacteria group bacterium solutions of JGB, after the completion one layer of material of bedding again, then
The super broad spectrum of bacteria group bacterium solutions of JGB are sprayed, repeatedly until all materials add the super broad spectrum of bacteria group bacterium of JGB
Liquid, last abundant turning mixing, which is used as, waits for fermentation materials, and control moisture reaches material hand and pinches agglomerating, the i.e. scattered degree of release.
3, it ferments
Fermentation processes water content carries out aerobic fermentation to material temperature and reaches 40-50 DEG C in 40-50%, and stacking is compacted,
Carry out anaerobic fermentation 7-20 days, fermentation is completed.The general temperature of spring and autumn is 9-15 DEG C, and fermentation time is 7-15 days, and summer is general
Temperature is 20-26 DEG C, and fermentation time is 5-7 days, and winter general temperature is subzero 5 DEG C -7 DEG C above freezing, fermentation time 15-20
It.The optimum environment temperature of fermentation is 25-35 DEG C.
Aerobic fermentation is carried out after the material to ferment piles fermentation heap.4-5 turning is carried out in fermentation process, the later stage is used
Plastic cloth sealing compacting carries out anaerobic fermentation；It can be obtained within 10-20 days decomposed matrix.The compost smell fermented is to have Qu Xiang
Taste is without smelly.
Main fertilizer of the decomposed matrix and biological organic fertilizer obtained using the above method as matrix, the fertilizer are had
Slow controlled capability can discharge as vegetable growth controls, meet the vegetable growth of different phase；Biology is added in matrix simultaneously
Fungicide and biological insecticides keep the growing environment of vegetables ideal, ensure that the quality of vegetables.
Preferably, further include anti-drought water-retaining agent 0.1-0.2%.Anti-drought water-retaining agent uses can be with high molecular polymer drought resisting
Water-retaining agent；It is highly preferred that anti-drought water-retaining agent is：Acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer or starch-grafted methyl-prop
Olefin(e) acid esters or polyacrylic, specific preparation method are as follows：
(1) preparation method of acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer：
By 15 parts of acrylic acid, 0.3 part of macrogol diacrylate, 32.7 parts of potassium hydroxide (10mol/L), over cure
3.5 parts of sour potassium, 45 parts of deionized water, through being stirred to react → washing → drying → crushing → anti-caking after 3.5 parts of mixing of diethanol amine
After be made；Grain diameter after crushing is 500-700 mesh, absorbency 1200g/g.
(2) preparation method of polyacrylic：Acrylic acid is heated at reflux with auxiliary agent inverse suspension polymerization through organic solvent
It is made after → azeotropic dehydration；Each component parts by weight and technical parameter are as follows：75 parts of acrylic acid, 0.5 part of potassium acrylate, hydroxide
125 parts of potassium (10mol/L), 3.5 parts of potassium peroxydisulfate, 107 parts of deionized water, 3.5 parts of sorbierite hard fatty acids, hexamethylene 195.5
Part, 75-80 DEG C of heating temperature, flow back azeotropic dehydration after be made, azeotropic temperature can be 95 DEG C, dehydration can be 6h, drying can
Think 3h.
(3) preparation method of starch-grafted methyl acrylic ester：
40 parts of cornstarch, 10 parts of gelatinized starch, 100 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 600 parts of ethylene glycol, N-N' methylenes
0.1 part of base bisacrylamide, 50 parts of ammonium ceric nitrate, 2 parts of nanometer alchlor, 200 parts of deionized water.60 DEG C of heating temperature, is stirred
Polyase 13 h is mixed, 400 mesh of powder product is spray-dried to obtain.
The drought resisting humectant that the present invention is prepared using above method water imbibition in base composition of the present invention is strong, is retained
Power is big, water-releasing is good, delivery period is long.
Inventor measures by a large amount of realistic simulations experiment, and water absorbent rate is up to 300-5000 times, can also be because of the day and night temperature difference
It is fast that moisture absorption speed is absorbed from environment, a few minutes can absorb the half of load quantity, absorb water close to maximum within more than 10 minutes
Amount.Moisture is not lost under heating easily, can still keep the moisture of 60%-80%；The 85%-90% moisture kept can be to plant
Object utilizes, and evaporation capacity reduces 85% inside numerical value；It is valid up to 4-5, and has imbibition repeatedly；Soil saturation is aqueous
Amount increases by 7.6%；Crop water utilization rate improves 0.04-0.23kg/m3。
The anti-drought water-retaining agent of the present invention contains 20% active K due to itself+, can play the role of increasing potash fertilizer.From different fertilizer
The influence for mixing applicating ratio, method of administration and function of fertilizer retention of material is very small, has broad applicability, using including this
The matrix planting vegetable of invention anti-drought water-retaining agent can primary enough waterings, the vegetable growth phase not rewater, save substantially
A large amount of vegetables watering times, vegetables cultivation is convenient, and better results.
Preferably, further include Nano semiconductor insecticide, experimentation finds different matrix, Nano semiconductor desinsection
The addition of agent can influence matrix water conservation is ventilative and conductivity, preferably Nano semiconductor insecticide is used in above-mentioned base starting material
Amount is 0.1-0.2%.Nano semiconductor insecticide carrys out desinsection indeed through nano semiconductor material by physical reactions,
Since it uses physical pest killing principle, hidden danger is not present for human and livestock health, the pollution of environment will not be caused；It is more excellent
Selection of land, the Nano semiconductor insecticide used in matrix of the present invention for：Nano-anatase, particle size range 10nm-50nm, grain size
Range is excessive to seriously affect insecticidal effect, and particle size range is too small to cause cost excessively high.
Mixed in cultivation matrix of the present invention special ratios the insect pest that can kill of Nano semiconductor insecticide have Liriomyza,
Aleyrodid, thrips, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, flea beetle, Oeobia undalis, liriomyza bryoniae, red spider, bollworm, yellow tea mite, oriental tobacco budworm,
Maggot, borer, cutworm, mole cricket, grub, cabbage butterfly, class sweet smell butterfly, moth larva, ladybug, leaf worm, pod snout moth's larva, trialeurodes vaporariorum, dish
Aphid, the various pests such as root maggot, confused flour beetle, aphid, beetle, flea, louse, bedbug, mosquito, fly, the prevention to root nematode
There is extraordinary effect, for preventing crop pests, the storage of grain and seed, the side such as removal poultry epizoon
Face, effect are very notable.
Applicant is found surprisingly that the specific dosage in the composition of the semiconductor nano insecticide can also maintain this
Water conservation gas permeability in cultivation matrix planting process and stable conductivity further can be with effectively preventing leaf blight, diseases
Viral disease, anthracnose, downy mildew, brown spot, soft rot, white blister, samping off, verticillium wilt, gray mold, bacterial wilt etc. virus and
Bacteriosis.
Nano semiconductor insecticide of the present invention due to have strong force moisture absorption effect characteristic, plant surface can provide adjusting water content it
Effect-night absorbs dew, daytime distributes aqueous vapor, increases plant light shine degree and can prevent the burnt tail generated by illumination from burning
Leaf；Absorption (CEC) ability of strength buffers fertilizer or toxin superfluous in soil and improves soil granular, reinforces soil water-retaining
Fertilizer-preserving ability simultaneously prevents soil hardening；It can be used in mixed way Environmental securities with the Culture media, pesticide or fertilizer of type used
The advantages that, meet environmentally protective developing direction.
Preferably, further include minerals 1-2%.Above-mentioned minerals can be in diatomite, weathering coal dust or bentonite
One or more combinations.Minerals, which are added, in the present invention can not only provide mineral element, and matrix is made integrally to have water conservation
Property, increase porosity, in addition, minerals also have the function of certain physical pest killing.It is furthermore preferred that the minerals are by silicon
Diatomaceous earth, weathering coal dust and bentonite composition mixing, diatomite, weathering coal dust and bentonite weight ratio are 1：1.2：3.Three
Mixing collaboration improves water-retaining property, improves insecticidal effect.
The present invention a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix as described above, it is preferable that including following weight percent
The component of meter：
Preferably, the thermal insulation material combines for one or both of perlite or sepiolite.
Preferably, the biological bactericide is in trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, tetramycin
One or more combinations.
1, trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianum can mainly prevent various soil-borne diseases (rotten mould, rhizoctonia and sickle-like bacteria etc.) and gas passes disease
Evil gray mold and powdery mildew.
2, bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis is typically found in soil, is especially largely present in around the root system of germinating plants.Artificial sieve
The strains on plant root disease selected has preferable control effect, is made into fungicide and is used in hair as seed treatment
The root of bud seed can effectively prevent the pathogen around root, make infringement of the crop from pathogen, additionally it is possible to pass through
Promote root system of plant and overground part growth, plays the role of indirect disease resistance and occur.
3, bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus licheniformis cell form and arrangement are in rod-shaped, Dan Sheng, and adjustable flora imbalance reaches therapeutic purposes, can
Body is promoted to generate antibacterial substance, kill pathogenic bacteria.Resistant activity material can be generated, and takes oxygen work by force with unique biology
With mechanism, the growth and breeding of pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited.
4, tetramycin
Tetramycin is the fermentating metabolism object of S. ahygroscopicus Wuzhou subspecies.Wide sterilization spectrum, to mastigomycetes, sac fungus and
Disease fungus known to three main kind of 26 kinds of Deuteromycotina fungi etc. has extremely strong killing effect.It is applicable in various crops
A variety of fungies, bacteriosis prevention.Especially to fruit tree putrefaction disease spot defoliation；Rice blast；Root rot；It is melon
Droop；Cotton verticillium wilt；Jujube tree rust；Fruit white rot of grape；Panax pseudoginseng black spot；Tealeaves gall of tea, forest rot disease,
The fungal diseases special efficacys such as canker, bleeding disease, defoliation, woods seedling blight.
It is had the advantage that using biological bactericide of the present invention：
1, inhibit the breeding of pathogen and the invasion to plant root in soil, reduce plant soil-borne diseases, prevent a variety of
Pest is broken out.
2, the bud ratio and survival rate of seedlings for improving seed prevent the hereditary disease of seeds self, improve crop survival rate, promote
Into root growth.
3, improve soil aggregate structure, improve soil, improve soil water storage, accumulation of energy and ground temperature, alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.
4, the growth breeding for inhibiting the harmful bacteria in growing environment, reduces and prevents the generation of various mushroom diseases.
5, promote the organic matter decomposition in soil at humus, greatly improve soil fertility.
6, enhance photosynthesis, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce nitrate content.
7, balanced soil pH value, beneficial microbe adjust root system of plant ecological environment, form dominant colony, prevent native biography
Pest and disease damage releases the destruction of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and injurious factor to soil, overcomes continuous cropping obstacle.
8, the use of insecticide/bactericides is reduced：The growing environment that bacterial reproduction inhibits germ can be provided, farming is improved
Object disease resistance makes germ, insect ovum be removed naturally in the soil, can especially prevent root knot, parasite, soil line
Parasitosis etc..
It is highly preferred that biological bactericide is trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and tetramycin
Mixture, and weight ratio relationship is：(10-15)：(10-15)：(10-15)：(10-15).It has been found that four kinds of originals
Expect mixed according to the above mentioned proportion in vegetable cultivation matrix, the biomass of ground can be significantly improved.
Preferably, the biological insecticides are Li Lu alkali, matrine, Celastrus angulatus, Dipel, polyhedrosis
One or more combinations in virus.
1, Li Lu alkali
Jervine main chemical compositions are cevadine and veratridine.Flat acicular crystal.Veratrum alkaloid is present in lily
In section Veratrum and sabadilla platymiscium, the plant material as insecticide is mainly the root of the seed and white black false hellebore of sabadilla
Stem.Plant material is extracted through ethyl alcohol and is made.Plant insecticide has insect and tags and stomach poison function.It can be used for preventing
The sanitary insect pests such as housefly, blattaria, lice, it can also be used to prevent the agricultural pests such as cabbage caterpillar, aphid, leafhopper, thrips and stinkbug.
2, matrine
The matrine pesticide used in agricultural actually refers to the total material extracted from kuh-seng, ginseng of grieving extraction
Object or Banlangen.In recent years in agriculturally extensive use, and have good control effect, be a kind of low toxicity, low-residual,
Eco-friendly pesticide.Mainly prevent the pests such as various pine moths, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, cabbage caterpillar.With insecticidal activity, bactericidal activity, adjusting
The multiple functions such as plant growth function.
3, Celastrus angulatus
According to recent studies have shown that, Celastrus angulatus acts on beet armyworm, prodenia litura special efficacy expeling, to rice leaf roller,
Efficiently expeling acts on for pink rice borer, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer！30 days lasting periods, because being botanical pesticide not will produce resistance.
4, Dipel
Dipel abbreviation Bt is a kind of production crystal bacillus for including many mutation.The bacterium can generate two major classes
Toxin, i.e. endotoxin (parasporal crystal) and exotoxin make pest stop feeding, and last pest is because of starvation and is poisoned to death.Therefore
The bacillus can be cooked microbial source low toxic pesticide, for preventing Orthoptera, coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, especially squama wing
Purpose various pests.
5, nuclear polyhedrosis virus
For preventing agricultural and forestry pest.Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus is in about 20 countries for preventing cotton
Flower, sorghum, corn, tobacco, tomato bollworm.Also neodiprion sertifer, the pine needle that successfully large-area applications are crossed in the world
Bee, Wiki Buddhist nun Asia pine sawfoy, gypsymoth, poison moth, tent caterpillar, alfalfa butterfly, cabbage looper, real noctuid, prodenia litura, gold
The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the pests such as silk tree psychid.China is separately cultured, and large area field controls worm and obtains good result
The nuclear polyhedrosis virus for having bollworm, euproctis similis, prodenia litura, gypsymoth.
Preferably, biological insecticides are the mixture of Li Lu alkali, matrine, Celastrus angulatus；The Li Lu alkali, matrine,
The mixed proportion of Celastrus angulatus is 1:1.5:2.2, above-mentioned raw material collaboration improve bactericidal effect, reduce sterilization dose, reduce at
This.
Preferably, the inorganic composite fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the ratio 1 of N P and K in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer：
1：1 and composite fertilizer in the content of NPK be 15%.
Specific implementation mode
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described reality
It is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention to apply example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field
The every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill is obtained without making creative work, belongs to guarantor of the present invention
The range of shield.
In following embodiment of the present invention：
Acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer is prepared by the following：
By acrylic acid 15ml, macrogol diacrylate 0.3ml, potassium hydroxide (10mol/L) 32.7ml, over cure
Sour potassium 3.5ml, deionized water 45ml, after diethanol amine 3.5ml mixing through be stirred to react → wash → dry → crushing after make
；Grain diameter after crushing is 600 mesh, absorbency 1200g/g.
Polyacrylic is prepared by the following：
Acrylic acid and auxiliary agent inverse suspension polymerization are heated at reflux through organic solvent → azeotropic dehydration after be made；Each component
Parts by weight and technical parameter are as follows：75 parts of acrylic acid, 0.5 part of potassium acrylate, 125 parts of potassium hydroxide (10mol/L), persulfuric acid
3.5 parts of potassium, 107 parts of deionized water, 3.5 parts of sorbierite hard fatty acids, 195.5 parts of hexamethylene, 75-80 DEG C of heating temperature, reflux
It is made after azeotropic dehydration, azeotropic temperature can be 95 DEG C, and dehydration can be 6h, and drying can be 3h.
Starch-grafted methyl acrylic ester is prepared by the following：
40 parts of cornstarch, 10 parts of gelatinized starch, 100 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 600 parts of ethylene glycol, N-N' methylenes
0.1 part of base bisacrylamide, 50 parts of ammonium ceric nitrate, 2 parts of nanometer alchlor, 200 parts of deionized water.60 DEG C of heating temperature, is stirred
Polyase 13 h is mixed, 400 mesh of powder product is spray-dried to obtain.
Embodiment one
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting Lettuce, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
One, matrix and index
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 40%, perlite 6%, vermiculite 7%, biological organic fertilizer 40%, Nano semiconductor insecticide 0.2%,
Acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer 0.2%, diatomite, weathering coal dust and bentonite composition mixture 2% are husky
Soil 2%, bacillus subtilis 0.3%, Li Lu alkali 0.3%, composite fertilizer 15-15-152%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses chicken manure, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 15 days
It obtains；Diatomite, weathering coal dust and bentonite weight ratio are 1：1.2：3.
2, the index of Lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.7g/cm3；Total porosity：75%；Water holding air degree：60%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.5；PH value：7.5；C/N values：27；Conductivity (EC values) 1.3ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 50mmol/100g.
Two, plantation, daily management and upgrowth situation detection
1, normal culturing and transplanting seedlings.Germinate 15 to 20 DEG C of thermophilic, by seed broadcasting in the native face sprinkled profoundly water, earthing about 0.5~1
Centimetre, ground moistening is kept, is germinateed within about 5 days.
2, seedling stage soil conservation moistens, and to shade when summer is exposed to the sun.It is colonized in 10cm height when true leaf 3~4
In the basin of substrate soil, about 10~15 centimetres of spacing in the rows sprinkles profoundly water, can normal management after about 1 week.
3, daily management and vegetable growth condition detection：1, Vegetable no disease and pests harm, fast growing, fertilizer requirement is larger,
1 decomposed manure based on nitrogenous fertilizer is sprayed within every 15 days or so, to promote leaf growth.Common vegetable needs 5-7 days or so
A urea water is sprayed, entire growth period needs to spray for 4-5 times.2, the entire growth cycle of Vegetable does not have to watering substantially, goes out
It waters when factory primary.Common vegetable needs watering 3-4 times.3, pest and disease damage does not occur for Vegetable whole cycle, does not use
Any pesticide.Common planting vegetable needs 5 days or so spraying pesticides primary.4, organic substrate Vegetable need 25-30 days i.e.
It can harvest.Tradition plantation needs harvest for 40-50 days.5, organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) is flat
Equal weight 0.6kg~1.11kg, and detect and reach green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvesting 0.25kg~
0.5kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Embodiment two
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting romaine lettuce, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 42.6%, sepiolite 4%, vermiculite 5%, biological organic fertilizer 45%, Nano semiconductor insecticide
0.1%, acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer 0.1%, diatomite 1%, sandy soil 1%, trichoderma harzianum
0.1%, matrine 0.1%, composite fertilizer 15-15-151%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses cow dung, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 12 days
It obtains；
2, the index of romaine lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.8g/cm3；Total porosity：73%；Water holding air degree：58%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.5；PH value：7.2；C/N values：26；Conductivity (EC values) 1.2ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 48mmol/100g.
3, daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.5kg~1.05kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.2kg~0.4kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Embodiment three
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting crowndaisy chrysanthemum, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 45%, sepiolite 4%, vermiculite 5%, biological organic fertilizer 40.8%, Nano semiconductor insecticide
0.15%, starch-grafted methyl acrylic ester 0.15%, bentonite 1.5%, sandy soil 1.5%, bacillus subtilis, lichens
Bacillus mix bacterium agent 0.2%, Li Lu alkali 0.2%, composite fertilizer 15-15-151.5%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses pig manure, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 13 days
It obtains；
2, the index of romaine lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.75g/cm3；Total porosity：74%；Water holding air degree：61%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.5；PH value：7.3；C/N values：28；Conductivity (EC values) 1.4ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 51mmol/100g.
3, daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.6kg~1.2kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.2kg~0.5kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Example IV
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting Lettuce, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
One, matrix and index
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 40%, perlite 6%, vermiculite 7%, biological organic fertilizer 40%, Nano semiconductor insecticide 0.2%,
Acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer 0.2%, weathering coal dust and diatom earth mixtures 2%, sandy soil 2%, withered grass
Bacillus 0.3%, Li Lu alkali 0.3%, composite fertilizer 15-15-152%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses chicken manure, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 15 days
It obtains；
2, the index of Lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.7g/cm3；Total porosity：78%；Water holding air degree：63%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.5；PH value：7.5；C/N values：25；Conductivity (EC values) 1.2ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 52mmol/100g.
3, daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.7kg~1.24kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.25kg~0.5kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Embodiment five
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting romaine lettuce, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 42.6%, sepiolite 4%, vermiculite 5%, biological organic fertilizer 45%, Nano semiconductor insecticide
0.1%, acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer 0.1%, diatomite 1%, sandy soil 1%, trichoderma harzianum, withered grass
The Mixed Microbes 0.1% of bacillus, bacillus licheniformis, matrine 0.1%, composite fertilizer 15-15-151%；Trichoderma harzianum,
Bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis weight ratio be：1:2.2:3.5.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses cow dung, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 12 days
It obtains；
2, the index of romaine lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.8g/cm3；Total porosity：72%；Water holding air degree：57%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.5；PH value：7.3；C/N values：27；Conductivity (EC values) 1.3ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 49mmol/100g.
4, daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.7kg~1.23kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.2kg~0.4kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Embodiment six
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting crowndaisy chrysanthemum, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 45%, sepiolite 4%, vermiculite 5%, biological organic fertilizer 40.8%, Nano semiconductor insecticide
0.15%, starch-grafted methyl acrylic ester 0.15%, bentonite 1.5%, sandy soil 1.5%, bacillus subtilis, lichens
Bacillus mix bacterium agent 0.2%, Li Lu alkali, matrine, Celastrus angulatus mixture 0.2%, composite fertilizer 15-15-151.5%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses pig manure, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 13 days
It obtains；
2, the index of romaine lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.75g/cm3；Total porosity：74%；Water holding air degree：61%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.5；PH value：7.3；C/N values：28；Conductivity (EC values) 1.4ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 51mmol/100g.
3, daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.7kg~1.3kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.2kg~0.5kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Embodiment seven
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting capsicum, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 41.2%, sepiolite 5%, vermiculite 6%, biological organic fertilizer 41.2%, Nano semiconductor insecticide
0.2%, diatomite 2%, sandy soil 2%, trichoderma harzianum 0.2%, matrine 0.2%, composite fertilizer (composite fertilizer 15-15-15)
2%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses cow dung, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 15 days
It obtains；
2, the index of romaine lettuce matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.85g/cm3；Total porosity：76%；Water holding air degree：61%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.3；PH value：7.4；C/N values：27；Conductivity (EC values) 1.4ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 50mmol/100g.
Daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.7kg~1.35kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.4kg~0.6kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
Embodiment eight
The holes diameter 2cm are beaten at potting capsicum, plastic tub 45cm × 25cm × 12cm, basin bottom, and matrix fills high 10cm.
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 41.2%, sepiolite 5%, vermiculite 6%, biological organic fertilizer 41%, Nano semiconductor insecticide
0.2%, diatomite 2%, polyacrylic 0.2%, sandy soil 2%, trichoderma harzianum 0.2%, matrine 0.2%, composite fertilizer
15-15-152%.
Wherein, decomposed matrix uses cow dung, maize straw, sawdust for raw material, after drying, mixing, stacking ferment 15 days
It obtains；
2, the index of capsicum matrix is as follows：
Grain size：3mm；Unit weight：0.86g/cm3；Total porosity：75%；Water holding air degree：60%；Aeration porosity:>
15%；Large aperture ratio：1：2.4；PH value：7.5；C/N values：26；Conductivity (EC values) 1.5ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE
Value) 50mmol/100g.
Daily management method is as in the first embodiment, vegetable growth condition monitor data is as follows：
Organic substrate Vegetable standard basin (45cm × 25cm × 12cm) average weight 0.9kg~1.58kg, and examine
Survey reaches green standard.Traditional cultivation method standard basin harvests 0.4kg~0.6kg, and nitrite and agriculture are residual exceeded.
By the test result of comparative example seven and embodiment eight it is found that anti-drought water-retaining agent for organic vegetable kind
It is implanted with significant impact, in addition, learning that there is drought-resistant water-preserving in matrix according to the capsicum detection is planted to eight kinds of embodiment
The capsicum that agent is planted out, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, emergence are early, full stand, robust seedling, and without watering during seedbed, it is fast to return seedling after transplanting, subtracts
Few pest and disease damage improves 30% or more utilization rate of fertilizer, 20% or more volume increase.Quality of Capsicum is good, and listing is early, increasing both production and income.
Embodiment nine
The small tomato of broad sense potting, organic substrate spreads high 30cm in 80m × 7.5m day-light greenhouses.
One, matrix and index
1, matrix formulations:
Decomposed matrix 40%, perlite 6%, vermiculite 7%, biological organic fertilizer 40%, Nano semiconductor insecticide 0.2%,
Acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer 0.2%, diatomite, weathering coal dust and bentonite composition mixture 2% are husky
Soil 2%, bacillus subtilis 0.3%, Li Lu alkali 0.3%, composite fertilizer 15-15-152%.
The index of small tomato matrix is as follows：
Unit weight 1.1509g/cm3；Total porosity 31.37%；Size void ratio 0.1636；
PH value：7.5；C/N values：29；Conductivity (EC values) 1.7ms/cm；Cation exchange capacity (ECE values) 75mmol/
100g。
Two, Comparative result (vegetables of contrast standard soil plantation)：
1,10 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 1cm, soil 0.6cm.
2,35 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 7.6cm, soil 6.4cm.
3,50 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 5.5cm, soil 2.5cm.
4,65 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 5.4cm, soil 0.7cm.
5, small tomato plant fresh weight and dry weight:Organic matter is trained, fresh weight (3.0267g), dry weight (0.4223g)；Soil is trained,
Fresh weight (1.9842g), dry weight (0.2781g)
6, the small tomato of organic mass cultivation entire growth period does not use any pesticide, per mu yield to calculate 30,000 pounds/acre of ＞, surveys
Examination reaches green standard.The small tomato per mu yield of soil cultivation calculates 2.2 ten thousand pounds/acre, and detection does not reach pollution-free and nuisanceless mark
It is accurate.Organic mediacy culture small tomato picking time was than soil plantation 10 days in advance.
Embodiment ten
Broad sense potting green pepper, organic substrate spreads high 30cm in 80m × 7.5m day-light greenhouses.
One, matrix and index
1, matrix formulations:Decomposed matrix 42.6%, sepiolite 4%, vermiculite 5%, biological organic fertilizer 45%, nanometer is partly led
Body insecticide 0.1%, acrylic acid-polyethyleneglycol diacrylate copolymer 0.1%, diatomite 1%, sandy soil 1% breathe out thatch wood
Mould 0.1%, matrine 0.1%, composite fertilizer 15-15-151%.
Two, Comparative result (vegetables of contrast standard soil plantation)：
1,10 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 1.2cm, soil 0.7cm.
2,35 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 7.5cm, soil 6.5cm.
3,50 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 5.6cm, soil 2.8cm.
4,65 days change of height:Organic mediacy culture 5.0cm, soil 0.6cm.
7, green pepper plant fresh weight and dry weight:Organic matter is trained, fresh weight (453.2g), dry weight (43.6g)；Soil is trained, fresh weight
(328g), dry weight (29.8g)
8, organic mass cultivation green pepper entire growth period does not use any pesticide, per mu yield to calculate 10,000 pounds/acre of ＞, test
Reach green standard.Soil cultivation green pepper per mu yield calculates 8000 pounds/acre, and detection does not reach pollution-free and nuisanceless standard.Have
Machine matrix trains green pepper picking time than soil plantation 10 days in advance.
The present invention provides a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix, has good drought-resistant water-preserving, organic fertilizer slow
Controlled capability has sufficient organic matter and minerals, environmentally safe, and it is strong can to turn out the green that quality is good, disease-free
Health vegetables.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, the highlights of each of the examples are with its
The difference of his embodiment, just to refer each other for identical similar portion between each embodiment.For being filled disclosed in embodiment
For setting, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so description is fairly simple, related place is referring to method portion
It defends oneself bright.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, defined herein
General Principle can realize in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, originally
Invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to special with principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent widest range of point.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix, which is characterized in that including following components, by weight percentage：
2. the disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of one kind according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include that drought resisting is protected
Aqua 0.1-0.2%.
3. the disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of one kind according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include nanometer half
Conductor insecticide 0.1-0.2%.
4. the disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of one kind according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include minerals
1-2%.
5. the disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of one kind according to claim 4, which is characterized in that including following weight
The component of percentages：
6. the disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of one kind according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the mineral
Matter is one or more combinations in diatomite, weathering coal dust or bentonite.
7. according to a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of claim 1-6 any one of them, which is characterized in that described
Thermal insulation material combines for one or both of perlite or sepiolite.
8. according to a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of claim 1-6 any one of them, which is characterized in that described
Biological bactericide is one or more combinations in trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, tetramycin.
9. according to a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of claim 1-6 any one of them, which is characterized in that described
Biological insecticides are one or more groups in Li Lu alkali, matrine, Celastrus angulatus, Dipel, nuclear polyhedrosis virus
It closes.
10. according to according to a kind of disease-resistant pest-resistant organic vegetable planting matrix of claim 1-6 any one of them, feature exists
In the inorganic composite fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
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