CN115710144B - Pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease and application thereof - Google Patents
Pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot and application thereof, wherein the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination comprises the following components in parts by weight: the tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface of a plant according to 50L/667 m 2, and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer raw particles are applied on soil according to 50 kg/667m 2. The pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination adopts the biological bacterial fertilizer and the biological pesticide tetramycin for mixed use, has the field control effect on the tobacco target spot disease of more than 60 percent, has obvious control effect, and has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, economy, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural plant protection, in particular to a pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot and application thereof.
Background
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) is a plant of the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae and has a very important role in national economy. In recent years, tobacco target spot diseases occur in some tobacco areas, the diseases can occur from the seedling stage to the mature stage of tobacco leaves, the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves are seriously affected, and serious economic losses are brought to tobacco farmers. Therefore, the method has important significance in ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of the tobacco industry by enhancing the disease resistance of the tobacco through a medicine and fertilizer mixed technology.
The pesticide and fertilizer mixed application technology meets the development requirements of modern agriculture, and is a fertilizer application technology for mixing and applying pesticide for protecting plant growth and fertilizer for promoting plant growth, thereby realizing the improvement of pesticide effect and fertilizer efficiency. The application range of the pesticide-fertilizer mixing technology in agricultural production is extremely wide, and the pesticide-fertilizer mixing technology is suitable for various crops such as apples, cucumbers, eggplants, tobacco and the like, and has the advantages of synergistic effect, disease resistance enhancement, fertilizer efficiency improvement and the like, which are completely incomparable with the independent application of pesticides or the independent application of fertilizers. However, no drug-fertilizer combination aiming at tobacco target spot disease is developed in the prior art at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above background, the object of the invention is: the pesticide and fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease and the application thereof are provided, and biological pesticide and biological bacterial fertilizer are mixed for use, wherein the main antibacterial active ingredient is biological pesticide, and the main fertilizer active ingredient is biological bacterial fertilizer. The synergistic effect, the disease resistance and the fertilizer efficiency can be improved by mixing the two components, the safety and the environmental protection can be realized, and the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves can be effectively improved. The combined application of the pesticide and the fertilizer is simple to operate, and the pesticide and the fertilizer are applied according to a conventional method without increasing the application difficulty. Meanwhile, the technology has the advantages of safety, high efficiency, economy, environmental protection, reduced pesticide consumption, reduced fertilizer consumption and the like, can overcome the defect of poor effect of independently applying pesticides or independently applying fertilizers in the prior art, and provides scientific basis for preventing and controlling tobacco target spot diseases in production.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a medicinal fertilizer mixture composition for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease comprises antibacterial active ingredient and fertilizer effective ingredient, wherein the antibacterial active ingredient is biological pesticide, and the fertilizer effective ingredient is biological bacterial fertilizer.
Wherein, the medicine fertilizer mixing combination comprises the following concentration components: 500 times of liquid and biological bacterial fertilizer raw particles.
As a preferable scheme, the biological pesticide is tetramycin, and the biological bacterial fertilizer is a prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer.
Furthermore, the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer can be replaced by a prebiotic microorganism bacterial fertilizer or a seaweed organic fertilizer.
In most embodiments, the tetramycin concentration is 0.3%.
As a further preferable scheme, the biological bacterial fertilizer is prepared by singly using or combining a prebiotic microorganism bacterial fertilizer, a prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer and a seaweed organic fertilizer; wherein the prebiotic microbial fertilizer is bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.0 hundred million/g; the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%; the effective viable count of the seaweed organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%.
The invention also provides application of the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating the tobacco target spot disease, when the pesticide-fertilizer combination is used for preventing and treating the tobacco target spot disease, the application amount of tetramycin is 50L/667m 2, and the application amount of the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer is 50kg/667m 2. When the pesticide-fertilizer combination is used for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease, tetramycin adopts a foliar spraying method, and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer adopts a soil spraying method, and simultaneously, tobacco plants are treated.
The biological bacterial fertilizer adopted in the invention is different from the conventional chemical fertilizer, has no pollution to water sources, soil and air, has lower production cost and contains a large amount of beneficial microorganism bacteria, and can reduce the fertilizer consumption, improve the soil, reduce the agricultural investment, obviously improve the yield and increase the economic benefit. The biological bacterial fertilizer and the biological pesticide with higher prevention effect on the tobacco target spot disease are combined for application, so that the disease resistance of tobacco plants can be improved, the agronomic characters are improved, the growth and development of the tobacco plants are promoted, and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves are improved. According to the invention, through field experiments, the disease resistance of different pesticide-fertilizer mixed combinations to the tobacco target spot disease is researched, and a new way is provided for preventing and controlling the target spot disease in production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the main bacteriostatic active component of the invention is tetramycin, the main fertilizer active component is prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer, and the tetramycin and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer are applied in combination, and the mixed combination of the pesticide and the fertilizer can be specially used for preventing and treating the tobacco target spot. Through indoor toxicity measurement and field control experiment verification, the biopesticide tetramycin with good tobacco target spot virus force is obtained, and the experiment proves that the biopesticide tetramycin can reduce the incidence of tobacco target spot disease, improve the control effect and reduce the application amount. After the combination is applied, the prevention effect on the tobacco target spot disease finally reaches more than 60%, the field prevention effect is higher than that of a prevention method of independently applying pesticides or independently applying fertilizers, and the pesticide-fertilizer mixture combination provided by the invention uses biological pesticide tetramycin for bacteriostasis without adopting chemical pesticides; the biological bacterial fertilizer and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer are adopted to provide fertilizer, and the traditional fertilizer is not adopted. The biological source raw materials are selected, so that the environment-friendly fertilizer has the advantages of safety, environment pollution reduction, synergistic effect, disease resistance enhancement and fertilizer efficiency improvement, and good use effect, and therefore, the environment-friendly fertilizer has a wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the examples described below, all reagents used were commercially available and the methods used were conventional unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination comprises substances with the following concentration components, wherein tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2, the prebiotic microbial bacterial fertilizer primary particles are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil, and the tetramycin 500 times liquid and the prebiotic microbial bacterial fertilizer primary particles are applied simultaneously as the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination.
Example 2
The pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination comprises substances with the following concentration components, wherein tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2, the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer raw particles are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil, and the tetramycin 500 times liquid and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer raw particles are applied simultaneously as the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination.
Example 3
The pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination comprises substances with the following concentration components, wherein tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2, the marine alga organic fertilizer raw particles are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil, and the tetramycin 500 times liquid and the marine alga organic fertilizer raw particles are applied simultaneously as the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination.
In the above examples, the prebiotic microbial fertilizer is prepared from bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.0 hundred million/g, which is produced by Shandong Beijing agricultural technologies Co., ltd; the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer is prepared by bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis singly and in combination, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%, and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer is produced by Shandong Beijing agricultural technology Co. The seaweed organic fertilizer is used as a biological organic fertilizer, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent, and is produced by Gui Linhai plant nutrition technology Co.
The invention relates to a pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating plant pathogenic fungi diseases, which is used for preventing and treating tobacco target spot diseases in the embodiment of the invention, and comprises the following specific steps: spraying tetramycin 500 times liquid according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2, applying biological bacterial fertilizer raw particles according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil, and simultaneously applying the tetramycin and the biological bacterial fertilizer raw particles as a pesticide fertilizer mixture in the early stage of tobacco target leaf spot infection.
Experimental example 1:
1. materials and methods
1.1 Material
(1) Tobacco test strain
The tobacco variety is Yunyan 87.
(2) Test bactericide and bacterial fertilizer
The bactericide is tetramycin (effective component 0.3%, liaoning microorganism engineering Co., ltd.); the biological bacterial fertilizer is a prebiotic microbial bacterial fertilizer (bacillus subtilis, effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.0 hundred million/g, shandong Beijing agriculture technology Co., ltd.), a prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, effective viable count is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 40%, shandong Beijing agriculture technology Co., ltd.) and a Hai Po seaweed organic fertilizer (biological organic fertilizer, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 40%, gui Linhai Po plant nutrition technology Co., ltd.).
1.2 Design of experiments
(1) Cell test
The test is carried out in a Guizhou university teaching experiment field, tobacco seedlings are transplanted in 7 days of 5 months, and fertilization treatment is carried out in 15 days of 6 months. After one week of fertilization, 1X 10 6 CFU/mL of rhizoctonia solani spore suspension is sprayed for inoculation, and the tobacco target spot disease is induced. The test adopts a random granule design, after each substance of different pesticide-fertilizer mixing combinations in each treatment is prepared according to concentration components, tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2, biological bacterial fertilizer raw particles are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil, and the total of 8 treatments are applied simultaneously:
treatment 1: applying the pesticide-fertilizer mixture combination used in the example 1;
treatment 2: applying the pesticide-fertilizer mixture combination used in the example 2;
Treatment 3: applying the pesticide-fertilizer mixture combination used in the example 3;
Comparative example 1: the difference with the example 1 is that the medicine fertilizer mixture does not contain tetramycin, and the other conditions are the same as the example 1;
Comparative example 2: the difference with the example 2 is that the medicine fertilizer mixture does not contain tetramycin, and the other conditions are the same as the example 2;
Comparative example 3: the difference with the example 3 is that the medicine fertilizer mixture does not contain tetramycin, and the other conditions are the same as the example 3;
comparative example 4: the difference with the example 1 is that the mixed combination of the medical fertilizer does not contain biological bacterial fertilizer, and the other conditions are the same as the example 1;
comparative example 5: clear water was chosen as Control (CK).
Each treatment is repeated for 3 times, 24 cells are used, the area of each cell is 30m 2, the label is put on a card, and soil application treatment is carried out. The fertilization time is in the early stage of disease (16 days of 6 months of 2021), the application dosage is that 50L of liquid medicine is sprayed 500 times of liquid every 667m 2, the fertilization dosage is that 50 biological bacterial fertilizer raw particles are applied every 667m 2 soil, and the application is ensured to be uniform.
(2) Large area test
The test was carried out at the tobacco production base in the town of Liuyun in Xifeng county in Guiyang, and the occurrence of tobacco target spot was serious in the test place. Two test areas are arranged together, the treatment area adopts a medicine fertilizer mixing combination used in the treatment 2 (tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2 and the original particles of the seaweed organic fertilizer are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil), the application time is in the initial stage of disease attack (16 days of 6 months of 2022), and 50kg of medicine fertilizer mixing combination is used every 666.7m 2 Shi Shi; the control area was sprayed with an equal amount of fresh water at the same time. The total tobacco plants in the treatment area are 316 plants, and the total tobacco plants in the control area are 302 plants.
(3) Investigation method and project
A. investigation method
Cell test the occurrence of target spot of 3 tobacco plants per cell was investigated 30 days after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani, and a total of 9 plants per treatment were examined.
The large-area test adopts a five-point sampling method to survey, 3 plants are surveyed at each point, 15 tobacco plants are surveyed in a treatment area and a control area respectively, the background value is surveyed before fertilization, the occurrence condition of diseases is surveyed 30d after fertilization, the disease resistance effect of the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination is evaluated, the number of disease leaves and the disease level are surveyed, and the disease index is calculated.
B. Survey item
Disease investigation: all leaf disease conditions of each tobacco plant were investigated.
Disease grading standard: level 0: no disease; stage 1: the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 1% of the total area of the blade; 3 stages: the area of the disease spots is more than or equal to 1 percent and less than 10 percent of the total area of the blade; 5 stages: the area of the disease spots is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than 30 percent of the total area of the leaves; 7 stages: the area of the disease spots is more than or equal to 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the total area of the blades; stage 9: the area of the disease spots is 50 percent or less than the total area of the leaves.
Incidence (%) = 100×number of diseased leaves/total leaf count investigated;
control (%) = 100× (control incidence-treatment incidence)/control incidence;
disease index = 100×Σ (number of leaves at each stage x representative value at each stage)/(total leaves investigated x representative value at highest stage);
relative control (%) = 100× (control disease index-treated disease index)/control disease index.
The growth trait investigation method comprises the following steps: plant height was investigated before topping, stem circumference was measured before harvesting after topping (stem circumference was measured at 6 th leaf), pitch (average length of 2 knots each at 8 leaves), number of leaves, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of tobacco leaves of the tobacco plant.
2 Test results
2.1 Cell test results
(1) Induced resistance effect of mixed combination of different medical fertilizers on target spot disease
The induction effect of the mixed combination of different medical fertilizers on the target spot disease is shown in table 1. Wherein, the average morbidity and the disease index are that the treatment is 1-3 < comparative example 4 < comparative example 5 (CK), the difference between each treatment group and each control group reaches a significant level, wherein, the effect of the treatment 2 is optimal, and the morbidity and the disease index of the tobacco target spot can be obviously reduced by mixing and using different medical fertilizers. The control effect is evaluated as treatment 2 > treatment 1 > treatment 3 > comparative example 4 > comparative example 2 > comparative example 1 > comparative example 3 > comparative example 5 (CK), so that the induced resistance effect of tetramycin and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer used together on the target spot disease is obvious compared with the single application effect; the test result shows that the incidence rate and the disease index induced resistance effect of tetramycin and the prebiotic organic bacterial manure medicine fertilizer after 30 days of mixed application on the target spot disease reach 69.56% and 71.44% respectively, and are obviously higher than other treatments. In conclusion, the formula combination of treatment 2 (tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2 and the marine alga organic fertilizer raw particles are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil) can effectively enhance the resistance of tobacco to target spot bacteria.
Table 1 prevention and control effects of different drug and fertilizer combination on target spot disease
Note that: the same column of data subscripts different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), as follows.
(2) Influence of mixed combination of different medical fertilizers on agronomic characters of tobacco plants
From Table 2, it can be seen that the combination of different pesticide and fertilizers has good promotion effect on tobacco agronomic characters. The pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination of the treatment 2 has the most obvious promotion effect on the agronomic characters of tobacco, and compared with CK, the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination can obviously increase the leaf number, plant height, pitch, leaf length, leaf width and stem circumference of the tobacco, which shows that tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2 and the original fertilizer particles of the seaweed organic fertilizer are applied according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different combinations of elicitors on agronomic traits of tobacco leaves
2.2 Large area test results
(1) Induced resistance effect of mixed combination of different medical fertilizers on target spot disease
The induction effect of the mixed combination of different medical fertilizers on the target spot disease is shown in table 3. After 30 days of application, the incidence rate and the disease index of the tobacco target spot disease are 9.34 and 3.16 respectively, and are obviously lower than those of a control; the induction effect on the morbidity and the disease index is at a higher level, which is 63.74% and 62.18% respectively. The result shows that even though the target spot disease in a large area occurs, tetramycin 500 times liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2, and the spreading of the disease can be effectively controlled by applying the marine alga organic fertilizer raw particles according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2, and compared with the conventional applied chemical agents, the pesticide-fertilizer mixed combination has the advantages of good effect, environment friendliness, safety and low cost.
TABLE 3 control effects of different elicitor combinations on target spot
Note that: the values in the table represent the average of five-point samples, the different lowercase letters of the same column of data indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), and the table is the same.
(2) Influence of mixed combination of different medical fertilizers on agronomic characters of tobacco plants
As can be seen from Table 4, in the initial stage of the disease, the application of the pesticide-applied fertilizer combination (tetramycin 500 times of liquid is sprayed according to the application amount of 50L/667m 2 and the application of the marine alga organic fertilizer raw particles is carried out according to the application amount of 50kg/667m 2 soil) can effectively promote the growth of the leaf number, the plant height, the leaf length, the leaf width, the pitch and the stem circumference of tobacco plants, ensure the good growth of the tobacco plants, and further improve the economic benefit.
TABLE 4 influence of different pesticide and fertilizer combinations on agronomic traits of tobacco leaves
The above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention are also possible, and all the technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A medicine fertilizer mixed combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease is characterized in that: the mixed composition of the medical fertilizer consists of an antibacterial active ingredient and a fertilizer active ingredient, wherein the antibacterial active ingredient is a biological pesticide, and the fertilizer active ingredient is a biological bacterial fertilizer; the biological bacterial fertilizer is prepared by single use or combination of prebiotic microorganism bacterial fertilizer and prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer; wherein the prebiotic microbial fertilizer is bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.0 hundred million/g; the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5.0 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40%; the prebiotic microbial fertilizer and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer are both products of Shandong Beijing agriculture technology Co., ltd; the biological pesticide is tetramycin.
2. The pharmaceutical fertilizer combination for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the tetramycin concentration was 0.3%.
3. The use of a pharmaceutical fertilizer combination for controlling a tobacco target spot disease according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: when the pesticide-fertilizer combination is used for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease, the application amount of tetramycin is 50L/667m 2, and the application amount of the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer is 50kg/667m 2.
4. The use of a pharmaceutical fertilizer combination for controlling a tobacco target spot disease according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the pesticide-fertilizer combination is used for preventing and treating tobacco target spot disease, tetramycin adopts a foliar spraying method, and the prebiotic organic bacterial fertilizer adopts a soil spraying method, and simultaneously, tobacco plants are treated.
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