CN115868385A

CN115868385A - Cotton and peanut composite planting method

Info

Publication number: CN115868385A
Application number: CN202310036838.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏学文; 张信甫; 徐勤青; 张�杰; 秦都林; 王维; 孙玮琪; 高波; 李国栋; 任新洪
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center Shandong Agricultural And Rural Development Research Center; Wudi Youchengwei Agricultural Service Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center Shandong Agricultural And Rural Development Research Center; Wudi Youchengwei Agricultural Service Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-01-10
Filing date: 2023-01-10
Publication date: 2023-03-31

Abstract

The invention provides a cotton and peanut composite planting method, and belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping mixed interplanting. The cotton and peanut composite planting method comprises the following steps: sowing cotton and peanut with the same width of 225-240 cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 75-80cm, each ridge is 2 rows, and the row spacing is 30-35cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in 75-80cm equal row spacing on a flat ground; the distance between the ridges and the cotton is 50-60cm. According to the invention, the population structure of cotton and peanuts is adjusted, the cotton density in an intercropping mode is properly increased, the cotton branch number and the cotton boll forming number are increased to improve the cotton yield, the breaking ratio strength is improved, the micronaire value is reduced, the cotton quality is changed, the photosynthetic rate and the leaf area index are improved, the dry matter accumulation and the dry matter proportion of reproductive organs are promoted, the soil fertility is improved, higher yield and economic benefits are obtained, and the method is suitable for being popularized by combining the current production situation.

Description

Cotton and peanut composite planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mixed interplanting of crops, and particularly relates to a cotton and peanut composite planting method.

Background

Cotton is an important economic crop in China and occupies an important position in national agricultural production. The cotton is used as a main raw material of the largest natural fiber crops and textile industry in the world, covers a plurality of links such as planting, processing, spinning, weaving, clothing, cotton seed and cotton stalk processing and the like, relates to multiple industries, and is a social large industry with high industrial relevance, long industrial chain and high commercialization degree.

The cotton and peanut combined planting mode has the advantages that the cotton and peanut combined planting mode has long planting history and good ecological conditions, according to the characteristics of strong space complementation and obvious crop rotation advantages of intercropping, research work of cotton and peanut combined planting production technology is carried out in the Shandong province from 2015, and research results show that the planting mode can realize ecological niche complementation of cotton and peanut, overground photo-thermal resources and underground nutrient resources are efficiently utilized, rotten cotton bolls are obviously reduced, the cotton quality is improved, the cotton yield is increased by 28% -47.2%, soil plough layer quick-acting nitrogen is improved by more than 19%, and the comprehensive economic benefit of cotton fields is obviously improved. The cotton and peanut composite planting belongs to a novel production mode, different planting varieties are adopted, the row spacing configuration and the planting density are various, and the unified standard is lacked. In order to further expand the popularization of the cotton and peanut composite planting scale, a reasonable cotton and peanut composite planting high-efficiency production technology is necessary to be formulated.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention aims to provide a cotton and peanut composite planting method, which exerts the complementation of intercropping ecological niches of two crops, improves the yield and quality of cotton, improves the soil fertility and increases the economic benefit.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a cotton and peanut composite planting method comprises the following steps: sowing cotton and peanut with the same width of 225-240 cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 75-80cm, each ridge is provided with 2 rows, and the row spacing is 30-35cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in 75-80cm equal row spacing on a flat ground; the distance between the ridges and the cotton is 50-60cm.

Preferably, the cotton and the peanuts are sown in a film covering manner at the same period from 4 to 5 months.

Preferably, the cotton planting density is 4000-5000 plants/mu, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm.

Preferably, the peanuts are sowed in a single/double-grain mode in each hole, the planting density is 10000-20000 plants/mu, and the sowing depth is 4-5cm.

Preferably, land is prepared before sowing, and 1000-2000kg of farmyard manure or 100-150kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each mu.

Preferably, the cotton is fertilized below the row side during sowing, the distance between the cotton and the fertilization is 10-15cm, and the fertilization depth is 10-15cm; applying N5-7kg and P per mu of base ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg and K ₂ 6-10kg of O, and 7-8kg of N applied in the initial flowering phase; or applying quick-acting N fertilizer 4-6kg, controlled-release N fertilizer 7-8kg and P fertilizer once per mu ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg and K ₂ O6-10kg。

Preferably, the peanut is fertilized on ridges when being sowed, the distance between the peanut and the fertilization is 4-7cm, and the fertilization depth is 7-10cm; applying 2-3kg of quick-acting N fertilizer, 4-6kg of controlled-release N fertilizer and P per mu ₂ O ₅ 5-8kg and K ₂ O6-8kg。

Preferably, in the last ten days of 8 months, the humic acid fertilizer with the concentration of 0.2-0.3 percent and the monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2-0.3 percent are sprayed on the leaves, and the humic acid fertilizer is sprayed 2 times every day and is sprayed again at intervals of 7-10 days.

Preferably, irrigation, disease, pest, weed control and chemical control management are carried out according to weather conditions and plant growth conditions in the cotton and peanut growing period.

Preferably, the cotton and the peanuts are harvested from the middle 9 th to the upper 10 th of the month, and the cotton planting belts and the peanut planting belts are planted alternately in the next year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a cotton and peanut composite planting method, which can remarkably improve the photosynthetic rate and leaf area index of cotton and promote the accumulation of dry matters and the proportion of dry matters in reproductive organs by properly improving the density of intercropped cotton and adjusting the proper row ratio and colony structure through cotton and peanut intercropping, thereby improving the fruit branch number and the boll forming number of the cotton, remarkably improving the strength of the breaking ratio, reducing the micronaire value and changing the quality of the cotton; the cotton yield is increased by 28 to 47.2 percent; compared with pure cotton, the quick-acting nitrogen in the plough layer of the soil is improved by more than 19 percent, the quick-acting phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium and the organic matters in the soil of 0-20cm and 20-40cm are all increased, the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the method is suitable for being popularized by combining with the current production situation.

Drawings

FIG. 1: a schematic diagram of single cropping cotton planting;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram: a schematic diagram of cotton-peanut intercropping 2:4 mode planting;

FIG. 3: schematic diagram of cotton-peanut intercropping 4:4 mode planting;

FIG. 4: a schematic diagram of cotton-peanut intercropping 4:6 mode planting;

FIG. 5: schematic diagram of cotton-peanut intercropping 4:6 mode next year exchange planting;

FIG. 6: carrying out intercropping treatment on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of reproductive organs of cotton and peanuts;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the nutritive organs of cotton and peanut intercropping treatment;

FIG. 8: dry matter distribution of vegetative organs and reproductive organs is carried out in cotton and peanut intercropping treatment.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a cotton-peanut intercropping planting method, which improves the yield and quality of cotton, improves the soil fertility and increases the economic benefit by intercropping cotton and peanuts.

The invention preferably selects cotton as cotton variety with compact plant type, weak leaf branches, less proud buds, lodging resistance, good earliness, smooth boll opening and easy picking; the peanuts are preferably shade-resistant, density-resistant, lodging-resistant and high-yield improved varieties. As an implementable mode, the quality of the cotton seeds meets the requirement specified in GB 4407.1; the quality of the peanut seeds meets the requirements of GB/T1532 regulations.

The invention preferably selects cotton seeds as selected coated seeds, and seeds are sunned for 2-3 days in sunny weather before sowing; drying peanut seeds for 1-2 days before husking; when the seeds are sunned, the seeds are frequently turned over, the seeds are intensively and uniformly sunned, and the seeds are prevented from being injured due to overhigh temperature.

The cotton and peanut intercropping mode of the invention is as follows: sowing width of cotton and peanut is 225-240cm, preferably 228cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 75-80cm, each ridge is provided with 2 rows, and the row spacing is 30-35cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in 75-80cm equal row spacing on a flat ground; the distance between the ridges and the cotton is 50-60cm. As shown in fig. 4.

According to the method, the cotton and the peanuts are optimally sown in a film covering manner from 4 late months to 5 early months; further preferably, the adjustment is carried out according to weather conditions and soil conditions; more preferably, the cotton is sowed by a precision seeder, the operations of sowing, fertilizing, herbicide spraying and film covering are completed at one time, the small row spacing is covered by a 90cm mulching film, and the thickness of the film is more than or equal to 0.01mm; the peanut is applied to ridging, fertilizing, seeding, pressing, herbicide spraying, film covering and soil covering seeder for one time, and is covered by a 90cm mulching film with the thickness of more than or equal to 0.01mm.

The cotton planting density is preferably 4000-5000 plants/mu, more preferably 4500 plants/mu, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm, more preferably 3.5cm; preferably, the peanuts are sowed in a single/double-grain mode in each hole, the planting density is 10000-20000 plants/mu, further preferably, the single-grain planting density in each hole is 10000 plants/mu, or the double-grain planting density in each hole is 20000 plants/mu, the sowing depth is 4-5cm, and further preferably 4.5cm; more preferably, a layer of soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is uniformly pressed above the peanut sowing row.

The invention preferably prepares soil before sowing, and applies 1000-2000kg of farmyard manure per mu, and further preferably 1500kg; or 100-150kg of bio-organic fertilizer, and more preferably 125kg.

According to the invention, the cotton is preferably fertilized below the row side during cotton sowing, the distance between the cotton and the fertilization is 10-15cm, more preferably 12.5cm, and the fertilization depth is 10-15cm, more preferably 12.5cm; applying N5-7kg, preferably N6 kg ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg, more preferably P ₂ O ₅ 7kg，K ₂ O6-10kg, more preferably K ₂ O8 kg, and N7-8kg, preferably N7.5 kg, is applied in the initial flowering phase; or applying 4-6kg of quick-acting N fertilizer, more preferably 5kg of quick-acting N fertilizer, 7-8kg of controlled-application N fertilizer, more preferably 7.5kg of controlled-application N fertilizer at one time per mu ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg, more preferably P ₂ O ₅ 7kg，K ₂ O6-10kg, more preferably K ₂ O8kg。

According to the method, fertilization is preferably carried out on ridges when peanuts are sowed, the distance between the peanuts and the fertilization is 4-7cm, the fertilization depth is 7-10cm, and the fertilization depth is 8cm; 2-3kg of quick-acting N fertilizer, more preferably 2.5kg, 4-6kg of controlled application N fertilizer, more preferably 5kg, are applied per mu ₂ O ₅ 5-8kg, more preferably 6.5kg, and K ₂ O6-8kg, more preferably 7kg.

The method is preferably used in the last 8 th month, and the mixed solution of 0.2-0.3% humic acid fertilizer and 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaves of the leaves for 2 times every day and sprayed again at intervals of 7-10 days.

In the invention, irrigation, disease, pest and weed control and chemical control management are preferably carried out according to the weather condition and the plant growth condition in the cotton and peanut growing period. Further preferably comprises:

irrigating in autumn and winter: storing and irrigating cotton and peanut before sowing, namely autumn and winter irrigation, returning straw to the cotton field, wherein the autumn and winter irrigation starts 10-15 days before sealing and freezing and the irrigation amount is 50-80m ³ Per mu. Spring irrigation: the field without autumn and winter irrigation is irrigated 20 days before sowing in spring with irrigation amount not more than 60m ³ Per mu.

Watering in the growth period: watering is not needed when the cotton is in the bud early stage; 5363 irrigating in time when the water content of the soil in the plough layer is reduced to below 60%, 70% and 55% of the field water capacity respectively after Cheng Lei stage, boll stage and boll opening stage, and irrigating by 30-50m in per mu by furrow irrigation ³ . The peanut does not need to be planted in the seedling stageWatering in time when the water content of the plough layer soil is reduced to below 60% of the field water capacity in the period of flowering and seeding when the rainwater is insufficient, and watering by furrow irrigation for 30-50m per mu ³ (ii) a Irrigating in time when the water content of plough layer soil in pod expansion period is reduced to below 65% of field water capacity, and irrigating by 40-60m per mu by furrow irrigation ³ 。

Search Miao Bumiao: after the cotton seedlings emerge, timely checking Miao Bumiao, breaking membranes and releasing seedlings to prevent high-temperature seedling damage; when the peanut seedlings emerge, the covering soil on the film is timely removed into the furrow, and the continuous and plant-lacking places need to be timely replanted.

Weeding and loosening soil: mechanical weeding or weeding with herbicide is carried out before cotton buds appear in combination with intertillage; and weeding with herbicide in the late stage of adult plant. 100-150g of 50% prometryn wettable powder or 40-60mL of 24% oxyfluorfen is adopted per mu, and 40-50kg of water is added for even spraying. Physical and mechanical weeding or chemical weeding with a herbicide is carried out in 6-month middle ten days of peanuts by combining intertillage hilling needle, 40-50mL of 20% quizalofop-p-ethyl or 40-60mL of 24% oxyfluorfen is adopted per mu of chemical weeding, and 40-50kg of water is added for uniform spraying. In the middle and late 6 months of cotton intertillage, weeding, fertilization, film breaking and ridging are combined according to soil moisture and rainfall conditions and are completed at one time.

Removing residual films: in the bud period of cotton, intertillage weeding is combined to uncover the film so as to promote root system to be pricked down and prevent premature senility of cotton; after cotton and peanuts which are not subjected to film uncovering in the bud period are harvested, residual films in the field are removed in time and the method is used as a combined machine for returning straws to the field and recovering the residual films.

Pruning: the cotton adopts a rough pruning technology, namely when 1-2 fruit branches appear on most cotton plants in the middle ten days of the 6 th month, the vegetative branches and the main stem She Yi below the 1 st fruit branch are rolled to the bottom and are completely removed; topping is completed in 7 months and 15 days according to the principle that branches are not equal and branches are not equal.

Chemical control: chemical control of cotton is carried out in the whole process by using mepiquat chloride according to weather and growth vigor of cotton plants. In the bud stage, 0.5-1g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 15kg of water is added for spraying; in the initial flowering period, 2-3g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 30kg of water is added for spraying; in full-bloom stage, 3-4g of the fertilizer is sprayed per mu with 45kg of water; after 7 days of topping, 4-5g of the fertilizer is used per mu, 40kg of water is added, and the final plant height is controlled to be about 100 cm. Peanut chemical control is carried out by using paclobutrazol according to weather and flower growth vigor. In the initial flowering period, 2-3g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 30kg of water is added for spraying; in full-bloom stage, 3-4g of the fertilizer is sprayed per mu with 45kg of water.

The pest control method comprises the following steps:

controlling main diseases of cotton: the diseases of cotton mainly include damping off, verticillium wilt, cotton boll blight and the like. The damping off and anthracnose can be sprayed by mancozeb, pyraclostrobin and trichloroisocyanuric acid; selecting disease-resistant variety, or spraying with Bacillus subtilis and amino-oligosaccharin at early stage of onset of disease, once every 7-10 days, continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the cotton boll blight and anthracnose are sprayed with mancozeb, fosetyl-aluminum and pyraclostrobin at the initial stage of disease occurrence for 7-10 days for 2-3 times, and the medicines are alternately taken.

The main disease control of the peanuts: the diseases of the peanut mainly comprise stem rot, root rot, leaf spot and the like. Carrying out seed dressing or seed coating on metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil before sowing; spraying pesticide for preventing and treating leaf spot disease in the early disease stage and when the field disease leaf rate reaches 10-15%, wherein the pesticide is selected from carbendazim, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin and chlorothalonil, and the pesticide is sprayed for 1 time every 10-15 days and is sprayed for 2-3 times continuously.

The main pest control of cotton: the main pests of cotton include cotton bollworm, cotton plant bug, bemisia tabaci and the like. The cotton bollworm is controlled by spraying emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin during the full incubation period of cotton bollworm eggs; red spider, which is sprayed with abamectin, spirodiclofen and pyridaben for preventing and treating; the cotton aphids and the thrips are sprayed and controlled by thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor; selecting thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor and malathion for spray control; the bemisia tabaci is controlled by spraying sulfoxaflor and cyantraniliprole.

The main pest control of the peanuts: the main pests of the peanuts comprise grubs, aphids, thrips and the like. The chafer and cutworm are applied with chlorpyrifos and phoxim granule in field or root drenched with phoxim in seedling stage. Aphids and thrips are dressed with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam or sprayed with deltamethrin. Lepidoptera pests such as cotton bollworms and the like are prevented and treated by deltamethrin spray in the egg hatching full period.

Chemical ripening and defoliation of cotton: in the cotton field with green and late maturity, the cotton boll opening in 10 month and 1 day can not reach 40-50%, the cotton is ripened by 40% ethylene hydragogue in the field at the bottom of 9 month to the beginning of 10 months with the temperature stable at 18-20 ℃, and the appropriate dosage is 100-150 mL/mu.

In cotton fields needing to be mechanically harvested at the bottom of 9-10 months and at the temperature of 18-20 ℃, when the boll opening rate reaches 40-60%, spraying and defoliating with 120-180g of 50% euphhiazoline suspending agent per mu, and adding the surfactant organic silicon auxiliary agent into the defoliating ripening agent according to the concentration of 0.05-0.15% for mixing and spraying in order to improve the liquid medicine adhesiveness. Spraying is forbidden in strong wind, before rainfall or in hot days, and re-spraying is forbidden in 12h after application.

According to the invention, the cotton and the peanuts are preferably harvested from the middle 9 th to the upper 10 th of the month, and the cotton strips and the peanut strips are planted alternately in the next year, as shown in figure 5. Further preferably, cotton harvesting: picking in time after a batch of cotton bolls are fully cracked and boll opened in the earlier stage without picking laugh cotton and green peaches; and after the defoliation ripener is sprayed for 15 days in the later period, when the defoliation rate of cotton plants reaches more than 95% and the boll opening rate reaches more than 90%, carrying out manual centralized picking, and mechanically harvesting flowers as an implementable mode. Harvesting peanuts: the upper leaves turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn yellow from green and fall off gradually, and the stem and branch turn yellow-green; the appearance criteria for the pod maturity stage are: the outer skin of the shell is green and hardened, the veins of the net are deepened and clear, the sponge body in the shell is shiny black brown, the kernel is full, the seed coat is bright in color, and the shell can be harvested mechanically at one time as an implementation mode.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A cotton and peanut composite planting method comprises the following steps:

1. seed(s)

1.1 variety selection

The cotton is selected from the cotton varieties which have compact plant types, weak leaf branches, less proud buds, lodging resistance, good early maturity, smooth boll opening and easy picking. The peanut is selected from shade-resistant, density-resistant, lodging-resistant and high-yield fine variety.

1.2 seed quality

The quality of the cotton seeds meets the requirement specified in GB 4407.1. The quality of the peanut seeds meets the requirements of GB/T1532 regulations.

1.3 seed treatment

Selecting selected coated seeds for cotton seeds, and drying the seeds in the sun for 2-3 days in sunny weather before sowing; sun-drying peanut seeds for 1-2 days before husking; when the seeds are sunned, the seeds are frequently turned over, the seeds are intensively and uniformly sunned, and the seeds are prevented from being injured due to overhigh temperature.

2. Intercropping mode

Sowing cotton and peanuts with the same sowing width of 228cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 76cm, 2 rows are formed in each ridge, and the row spacing is 30cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in the equal row spacing of 76cm on the flat ground; the distance between the ridges and the cotton is 50cm.

3. Cultivation technology of cotton | peanut

3.1 sowing

3.1.1 sowing time

The cotton and the peanut can be sown in late 4 months or in the same period of early 5 months, and the sowing period of the peanut can be postponed to the early 5 months according to weather and soil conditions.

3.1.2 sowing requirements

The cotton is sowed at 1.0-1.5 kg/mu with planting density of 4500 plants/mu and seed manure at the same time, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm and uniform.

The seed consumption for peanut sowing is 15 kg/mu, each hole has two seeds, the plant distance is uniform, and the planting density is 20000 plants/mu; the sowing depth is 4-5cm, the sowing depth is uniform, and after the mulching film is covered, a layer of soil with the depth of 1-2cm is uniformly pressed above the sowing row.

3.1.3 sowing and mulching

The cotton is sowed by a precision seeder, and the operations of sowing, fertilizing, herbicide spraying and film covering are completed at one time, and the cotton is covered by a 90cm mulching film with the thickness of more than or equal to 0.01mm.

The peanut is applied to ridging, fertilizing, seeding, pressing, herbicide spraying, film covering and soil covering seeder for one time, and is covered by a 90cm mulching film with the thickness of more than or equal to 0.01mm.

The agricultural film is used according to NY/T1224.

3.2 irrigation in the field

3.2.1 autumn and winter irrigation

The cotton and peanut storage irrigation before sowing, namely autumn and winter irrigation, is advocated, the straw returning to the cotton field is required to be carried out, the autumn and winter irrigation starts 10-15 days before sealing and freezing and ends sealing and the irrigation amount is 50-80m ³ Per mu.

3.2.2 spring irrigation

The field without autumn or winter irrigation is irrigated in spring 20 days before sowing, and the irrigation amount is not more than 60m ³ Per mu.

3.2.3 watering during the growth period

Watering is not needed when the cotton is in the bud early stage; 5363 irrigating in time when the water content of soil in plough layer is reduced to below 60%, 70% and 55% of the field water capacity after Cheng Lei stage, boll stage and boll opening stage, and irrigating by 30-50m per mu ³ 。

The peanut seedling stage generally does not need watering, if the rainwater is insufficient in the flowering and injection stage and the water content of plough layer soil is reduced to be below 60% of field water capacity, timely irrigating, and watering 30-50m in furrow irrigation per mu ³ . When the water content of the plough layer soil in the pod expansion period is reduced to below 65 percent of the field water capacity, timely irrigating, and irrigating 40-60m per mu by adopting furrow irrigation ³ 。

3.3 Fertilizer operations

3.3.1 application of organic fertilizers

Land preparation is combined before sowing, and 1000-2000kg of farmyard manure or 100-150kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each mu.

3.3.2 sowing the seeds and fertilizer at the same time. Applying quick-acting N fertilizer 4-6kg, controlled-applying N fertilizer 7-8kg and P fertilizer per mu of cotton ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg and K ₂ O6-10 kg. The horizontal distance between the seed manure and the fertilizer is 10-15cm, and the fertilizing depth is 10-15cm. Applying 2-3kg of quick-acting N fertilizer and 4-6kg of controlled-application N fertilizer and P fertilizer to peanuts per mu ₂ O ₅ 5-8kg and K ₂ And 6-8kg of O, applying into a soil layer of 7-10cm, horizontally separating from the seeds by 4-7cm, and applying calcium according to local soil conditions.

The fertilizer application should meet the requirements of NY/T496 and HJ 555 standards.

3.3.3 foliar fertilizer

In the later growth stage of cotton and peanut, i.e. 8 months, selecting windless cloudy day, adopting 0.2-0.3% humic acid fertilizer and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution to make foliage spray for 2 times in the morning and evening with large humidity and small evaporation capacity, and making interval of 7-10 days.

3.4 other field management

3.4.1 search Miao Bumiao

After the cotton seedlings emerge, timely checking Miao Bumiao, breaking membranes and releasing seedlings to prevent high-temperature seedling damage; when the peanut seedlings emerge, the covering soil on the film is timely removed into the furrow, and the seeds are timely replanted in the continuous plant shortage place.

3.4.2 weeding and loosening soil

Before the buds of the cotton emerge, the mechanical weeding or the weeding by using herbicide can be carried out by combining intertillage; the herbicide can be used for weeding in the late stage of adult plants. 100-150g of 50% prometryn wettable powder or 40-60mL of 24% oxyfluorfen is adopted per mu, and 40-50kg of water is added for even spraying.

In 6-month middle ten days of peanut, intertillage, hilling and heading can be combined to physically and mechanically weed or weed with herbicide, 40-50mL of 20% quizalofop-p-ethyl or 40-60mL of 24% oxyfluorfen is adopted per mu, and 40-50kg of water is added to uniformly spray.

In the middle and late 6 months, cotton intertillage is completed by combining intertillage, weeding, fertilization, film breaking and ridging according to soil moisture and rainfall conditions at one time.

The herbicide application conforms to the NY/T1276 regulations.

3.4.3 removing residual film

In the bud stage of cotton, intertillage weeding is combined to uncover the film so as to promote root system to be pricked down and prevent premature senility of cotton; the residual films in the field of the cotton and the peanuts which are not subjected to film uncovering are removed in time after the peanuts are harvested, and the method can be carried out by a combined machine for returning the crop straws to the field and recovering the residual films.

3.4.4 pruning chemical control

3.4.4.1 pruning

Adopting a rough pruning technology for cotton, namely when 1-2 fruit branches appear in most cotton plants in the middle ten days of 6 months, completely stripping the vegetative branches and the main stem She Yi below the 1 st fruit branch (stripping trouser legs) to the bottom; topping is finished about 7 months and 15 days according to the principle that branches are unequal and branches are unequal.

3.4.4.2 chemical control

Chemical control of cotton is carried out in the whole process by using mepiquat chloride according to weather and growth vigor of cotton plants. In the bud stage, 0.5-1g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 15kg of water is added for spraying; in the initial flowering period, 2-3g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 30kg of water is added for spraying; in the full-bloom stage, 3-4g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 45kg of water is added for spraying; and 7d after topping, using 4-5g of water per mu, and adding 40kg of water, wherein the final plant height is controlled to be about 100 cm.

Peanut chemical control is carried out by using paclobutrazol according to weather and flower growth vigor. In the initial flowering period, 2-3g of the fertilizer is used per mu, and 30kg of water is added for spraying; in full-bloom stage, 3-4g of the fertilizer is sprayed per mu with 45kg of water.

3.4.5 major disease control

3.4.5.1 Cotton major disease control

The diseases of cotton mainly include damping off, verticillium wilt, cotton boll blight and the like. The damping off and anthracnose can be sprayed by using agents such as mancozeb, pyraclostrobin, trichloroisocyanuric acid and the like; selecting disease-resistant variety, or spraying with Bacillus subtilis and amino-oligosaccharin at early stage of disease onset, once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times; the cotton boll blight and anthracnose are sprayed with mancozeb, fosetyl-aluminum, pyraclostrobin and other medicaments once every 7 to 10 days and continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times at the initial stage of disease attack, and the medicaments are alternately used.

3.4.5.2 peanut major disease control

The peanut diseases mainly comprise stem rot, root rot, leaf spot and the like. For stem rot and root rot, metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil and the like can be adopted for seed dressing or seed coating before sowing; the leaf spot disease is prevented and treated by spraying at the early stage of disease incidence and when the field disease leaf rate reaches 10-15%, the pesticide can be selected from carbendazim, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin, chlorothalonil and the like, and the pesticide is sprayed for 1 time every 10-15 days and is sprayed for 2-3 times continuously.

3.4.6 major Pest control

3.4.6.1 major Pest control of Cotton

The main pests of cotton include cotton bollworm, cotton plant bug, bemisia tabaci and the like. In the most advanced incubation period of the cotton bollworm eggs, medicaments such as emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and the like are selected for spray control; red spider, using abamectin, spirodiclofen, pyridaben and other medicines to spray for prevention and treatment; the cotton aphids and the thrips are sprayed with thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, sulfoxaflor and other medicaments for preventing and treating; the lygus gossypii can be sprayed and controlled by thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, malathion and other medicaments; the bemisia tabaci can be controlled by spraying pesticides such as sulfoxaflor and cyantraniliprole.

3.4.6.2 peanut pest control

The main pests of the peanuts comprise grubs, aphids, thrips and the like. The scarab beetles and cutworms can be used for broadcasting granules such as chlorpyrifos, phoxim and the like in fields or irrigating roots with phoxim in seedling stage. The aphids and thrips can be dressed with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, or sprayed with deltamethrin. Lepidoptera pests such as cotton bollworm and the like can be prevented and treated by deltamethrin spray in the egg hatching full period.

The pesticide application conforms to the NY/T1276 regulation.

3.4.7 chemical ripening and defoliation of Cotton

In the cotton field with green and late maturity, the cotton boll opening in 10 months and 1 day is less than 40-50%, 40% ethylene hydragogue is applied to the field at the bottom of 9 months and at the beginning of 10 months and at the temperature of 18-20 ℃ stably, and the dosage is 100-150 mL/mu.

The cotton field needing to be mechanically harvested can be used at the bottom of 9 months and 10 months, the air temperature is stabilized at 18-20 ℃, when the cotton boll opening rate reaches 40-60%, 50% of euphhiazoli suspending agent 120-180g is sprayed to defoliate each mu, in order to improve the liquid medicine adhesiveness, a surfactant organic silicon auxiliary agent is added into a defoliating ripening agent according to the concentration of 0.05-0.15% and mixed and sprayed, and the effect is remarkable. Spraying is forbidden in strong wind, before rainfall or in strong days, and re-spraying is needed if the spraying is in medium rain within 12 hours after application.

3.4.8 harvest

Harvesting cotton: picking in time after a batch of cotton bolls are fully cracked and boll opened in the earlier stage without picking laugh cotton and green peaches; after the defoliation ripener is sprayed for 15 days in the later period, when the defoliation rate of cotton plants reaches more than 95% and the boll opening rate reaches more than 90%, the cotton plants are manually and intensively picked, and mechanical flower collection is adopted in the area with the condition.

Harvesting peanuts: the upper leaves turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn yellow from green and fall off gradually, and the stem and branch turn yellow-green; the appearance criteria for the pod ripening period are: the outer skin of the fruit shell is green and hardened, the veins of the net are deepened and clear, the sponge body in the fruit shell is shiny black brown, the seed kernel is full, and the seed coat is bright in color. It is generally harvested mechanically in the middle of 9 months.

Example 2

The difference from example 1 is that:

an intercropping mode: cotton and peanut are intercropped with the seeding width of 225 cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 75cm, 2 rows are formed in each ridge, and the row spacing is 32cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in 75cm equal row spacing on a flat ground; the distance between the ridge and the cotton is 60cm.

Planting density: the cotton planting density is 5000 plants/mu; the peanut has single seed per hole, and the planting density is 10000 plants per mu.

Example 3

The difference from example 1 is that:

an intercropping mode: sowing cotton and peanuts with the same sowing width of 240 cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 80cm, 2 rows are formed in each ridge, and the row spacing is 35cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in 80cm equal row spacing on flat ground; the distance between the ridge and the cotton is 55cm.

Planting density: the cotton planting density is 4000 plants/mu; the peanut has single seed per hole, and the planting density is 10000 plants per mu.

Example 4

Intercropping treatment test for different cotton varieties | peanut

1. Test site and material

The test arrangement is in a project test base which is green, high-quality and efficient and is established by Ningjin cotton. The soil fertility level 5 of the test is uniform and consistent, the chemical properties of the soil are shown in table 1, and no adverse environmental influence exists.

And (3) test varieties: 1 medium-early-maturing cotton variety, lu 6269;1 peanut variety, no. 103 flowers.

TABLE 1 physicochemical properties of soil before test

2. Test design and handling

The test sets 5 treatments, namely, the single cropping peanut (T0), the single cropping cotton (T1) and the cotton intercropping peanut are divided into cotton: peanut =2:4 (T2), cotton: peanut =4:4 (T3) and cotton: peanut =4:6

(T4), repeating for 3 times, and totally 15 cells.

T0: the single-crop peanuts: the peanuts are planted in a ridge mode, the ridge width is 76cm, two rows are formed in one ridge, and the small row spacing is 30cm. The planting density is 2 ten thousand plants per mu, the double-grain sowing is carried out, at least 8 rows of peanuts are planted in the plot, and the row length is 8-10m;

t1: single cropping cotton: the cotton is planted on the flat ground, the planting density is 3500 plants/mu, the row spacing is 76cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, at least 8 rows of cotton are planted in a plot, the row length is 8-10m, as shown in figure 1;

T2-T4: cotton | peanut intercropping: the cotton planting density is 4500 plants/mu, the row spacing is 76cm, and the plant spacing is 19.5 cm; performing ridge culture planting on peanuts, wherein the ridge width is 76cm, one ridge is two lines, the small row spacing is 30cm, the planting density is 2 ten thousand plants per mu, and double-grain sowing is performed; the distance between the ridges and the cotton is 50cm; the three intercropping modes are repeated at least three times in each mode, and each mode has 3 bandwidths and the line length of 8-10m, as shown in figures 2-4.

3. Management of field

The field management of fertilization, irrigation, chemical control and the like is carried out according to the embodiment 1, and the management of each treatment is uniform.

4. Survey and measurement items

(1) Investigation of agronomic characters of cotton

And selecting 15 cotton plants at fixed points in each cell, and investigating the plant height, fruit branch number and boll forming number of the fixed points. In the test process, if the fixed-point plant dies, the related data of the plant is removed.

(2) Determination of indexes of cotton photosynthesis

Photosynthetic rate: in the full-bud period, the initial flowering period, the full-bloom period and the boll opening period, the net photosynthetic rate of 4 leaves of the main stem of cotton in each cell is measured by an LI-6400 portable photosynthetic tester (LI-COR, lincoln, USA) from 30 to 11.

Leaf area index: the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the cotton population in each plot was determined using a LAI-2200 plant canopy Analyzer (LAI-2200) at the full bud stage, the initial flowering stage, the full bloom stage and the boll opening stage.

(3) Cotton dry matter accumulation and distribution

Sampling dry matter from buds Cheng Hua (the 1 st flower on the 4 th fruit branch), and measuring the dry matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the plants. Taking 3 plants from each cell, increasing sampling amount in bud stage, dividing into reproductive organ (flower bud and boll) and nutritional organ (root, stem and leaf), deactivating enzyme in oven at 105 deg.C for 30min, oven drying to constant weight, and weighing.

(4) The yield of cotton and peanut is determined, and the economic benefit is compared

And (3) peanut yield determination: and (4) measuring the peanut yield and calculating the economic benefit. Recording the name of peanut variety, main characteristic characteristics, seeding time, harvesting time, yield, price, labor cost, materialization cost, total cost and the like, and calculating the economic benefit (yuan/mu) of the peanut.

And (3) cotton yield determination: selecting 20 cotton plants with uniform and consistent growth vigor at the middle 4 rows in each cell (if the cotton plants in a large area, randomly selecting 3 points with uniform growth vigor from each treatment, selecting 20 continuous cotton plants at each point), averagely dividing the cotton plants into an upper part and a lower part according to the fruit branch number, hanging a mesh bag, continuously collecting boll opening bolls, recording the boll number and weighing, simultaneously recording the total plant number of the cells, and finally converting to obtain the seed cotton yield; and weighing the ginned cotton after the ginning, calculating the clothes and ginned cotton output, sending the ginned cotton to a sample for fiber detection, and determining the fiber quality.

And (3) comprehensive benefit analysis: the yield of each group of treatments is determined after the cotton and the peanut are mature and harvested, and the comprehensive benefit is calculated.

(5) Soil index determination

Soil samples of 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers are collected and selected before cotton sowing and after cotton harvesting, and soil nutrient contents such as total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting potassium and the like in the soil are measured. The sampling method before sowing comprises the following steps: in a uniform test field, three points are selected according to a diagonal method to collect soil samples (3 bits of mixture are taken at each point). After harvesting, 1 point is randomly selected in each cell to collect soil samples (3 points are randomly selected in each treatment for large-area planting to sample), and 2-3 drill bits are mixed in each point. Removing visible plant residues from the soil sample, air-drying, grinding, sieving with 0.01mm sieve, and storing for soil nutrient property detection.

5. Test results

5.1 Effect of Cotton peanut intercropping on Cotton peanut growth traits

TABLE 2 agronomic traits of cotton intercropped with cotton and peanut

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the single crop treatment, the cotton intercropping treatments T2, T3 and T4 significantly increased the number of fruit branches and bolls by 10.89%, 9.90%, 11.88% and 5.49%, 0.55% and 7.17%, respectively. The plant height of each intercropping treatment is increased to a certain extent, but no obvious difference exists.

5.2 Effect of Cotton peanut Intercom on Cotton leaf area index and photosynthetic Rate

TABLE 3 leaf area index of cotton peanut intercropping

As can be seen from Table 3, the leaf area indexes of the cotton and peanut intercropping treatment T3 and T4 are remarkably increased by 5.67%, 4.26%,8.21%, 9.12%,3.38% and 5.06% respectively in the current bud period, full blossom period and boll opening period, compared with the cotton single cropping T1 treatment. Compared with the T1 of the cotton single-crop treatment, the leaf area indexes of the T2 treatment and the cotton single-crop treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 3.95 percent and 2.11 percent in the full-bloom stage and the boll opening stage.

TABLE 4 Cotton photosynthesis Rate for Cotton peanut intercropping

As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the cotton single cropping T1 treatment, the photosynthesis of the cotton and peanut intercropping treatment T2 and T4 is remarkably increased by 26.43 percent, 19.73 percent, 17.52 percent, 20.72 percent, 7.08 percent and 7.74 percent respectively in the current bud period, full blossom period and boll opening period. The photosynthetic rate of the T3 treatment is not obviously different from that of cotton single crop.

5.3 Effect of Cotton peanut intercropping on nutrient and Dry matter distribution in Cotton at different growth periods

As can be seen from FIG. 6, in the bud stage, the flowering stage, the blooming stage and the boll opening stage, the reproductive organs of cotton show gradually reduced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients along with the development of the growth stage.

In the bud stage, the flowering stage and the boll opening stage, in the same period, compared with the cotton single crop treatment T1, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of cotton reproductive organs have no obvious difference.

In the full-bloom stage, compared with the cotton single-crop treatment T1, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in cotton reproductive organs are obviously increased, the nitrogen content is respectively increased by 19.96%, 25.56% and 9.5%, the phosphorus content is respectively increased by 19.15%, 28.31% and 13.25%, and the potassium content is respectively increased by 4.95%, 17.96% and 3.65%.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, in the bud stage, the flowering stage, the blooming stage and the boll opening stage, the nutrient organs of cotton show gradually reduced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients along with the development of the growth stage.

In the bud stage, compared with the treatment of single cotton crop T1, the nitrogen content of the cotton nutrition organ is increased by 6.39%, 2.31 and 2.84%, the phosphorus content is increased by 10.42%, 11.82% and 18.63%, and the potassium content is increased by 8.14%, 8.77% and 20.38%.

In the flowering period, compared with the treatment of single cotton crop T1, the cotton peanut intercropping treatments T2, T3 and T4 increase the nitrogen content of cotton nutrition organs by 8.33%, 14.61% and 9.16%, increase the phosphorus content by 3.61%, 9.85% and 10.97%, and increase the potassium content by 7.75%, 9.01% and 7.39%.

In the full-bloom stage, compared with the cotton single cropping T1 treatment, the cotton and peanut intercropping treatment T2 increases the nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium contents of the cotton nutrition organs by 6.78%, 6.88 and 18.32% respectively, and compared with the cotton single cropping treatment T4 treatment, the phosphorus and potassium contents of the cotton nutrition organs increase by 12.64% and 38.62% respectively, and the phosphorus contents have no significant difference. In the boll opening period, the cotton and peanut intercropping treatments of T2, T3 and T4 are compared with T1, the nitrogen content of cotton nutrition organs is respectively increased by 6.74%, 2.00% and 5.73%, the potassium content of cotton nutrition organs is respectively increased by 15.80%, 10.01% and 6.03%, the T2 is compared with the T1, the phosphorus content of the cotton nutrition organs has no obvious difference, the T3 is compared with the T1, the phosphorus content of the cotton nutrition organs is increased by 4.81%, the T4 is compared with the T1, and the potassium content of the cotton nutrition organs is reduced by 23.67.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, the dry matter quality of the vegetative organ and reproductive organ of the cotton treated in the same way are remarkably different in different growth periods, and the boll opening period is the highest period of the dry matter of the cotton.

In the bud stage, compared with the single cropping T1, the dry matters of the cotton nutrition organs are respectively increased by 4.5%, 12.13% and 22.02%. In the full-bloom stage, the dry matter ratio of the nutritive organ, the dry matter ratio of the reproductive organ and the dry matter ratio (reproductive organ to nutritive organ) of the T3 treatment are respectively increased by 11.12%, 22.63% and 17.56%. The dry matter and dry matter ratio of the T4 treated reproductive organs were increased by 17.56% and 23.51%, respectively.

5.4 influence of Cotton peanut intercropping on Cotton quality

TABLE 5 influence of cotton peanut spacing on cotton quality

As can be seen from Table 5, the cotton intercropping treatments T2, T3 and T4 have significantly improved average length, uniformity index and breaking ratio strength of the upper half part and significantly reduced micronaire values, which are respectively improved by 3.9%, 3.90%, 4.96%,0.71%, 0.24%, 1.18%,0.69% and 1.72%, compared with the single cropping treatment. The micronaire values were reduced by 2.04%, 2.04% and 4.08%, respectively. There was no significant difference in cotton elongation between treatments.

5.5 Effect of Cotton peanut spacing on soil nutrient

TABLE 6 soil nutrients for cotton peanut intercropping

As can be seen from Table 6, after the planted crops are harvested, the nutrient contents of the soil layers of 0-20cm and 20-40cm of the plough layer are the best T0 quick-acting nutrients, which indicates that the nitrogen fixation effect of the peanuts is obvious and the peanuts have a good soil cultivation function; compared with a single cotton crop, the cotton and peanut intercropping treatment has certain difference in available nutrients, the available nutrients of soil with 20-40cm of plough layer are lower than the nutrients of soil with 0-20cm of plough layer, and the cotton and peanut intercropping treatment T2, T3 and T4 has certain increase in available nutrients and total nutrients, wherein T4 (4 rows of cotton and 6 rows of peanut intercropping mode) is obvious, 0-20cm of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen is increased by 19.5 percent, and 20-40cm of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen is increased by 19.7 percent; compared with cotton alone, the pH of the soil is reduced by T2, T3 and T4.

5.6 influence of Cotton peanut spacing on yield and yield-forming factors

TABLE 7 Cotton yield and yield-constituting factors in cotton-peanut intercropping

According to the table 7, the yield of the seed cotton of the cotton and peanut intercropping treatment is higher than that of the single cropping cotton, and the yield is respectively improved by 28%, 24.3% and 47.2% compared with the yield of the T2, T3 and T4 of the cotton single cropping treatment T1; the single plant boll number is greatly increased, wherein the single plant boll number is increased to the maximum of 7.1% in a T4 mode; the single bell weight and the clothes score were not significantly different.

TABLE 8 Cotton and peanut yield in intercropping of Cotton and peanut

As can be seen from Table 8, the acre yield of peanuts in each intercropping mode is increased by 2.18%, 0.64% and 5.48% respectively by comparing the T2, T3 and T4 treatments with the peanut single-cropping treatment. Compared with peanut single crop, the treatment of each intercropping mode has no obvious difference in the weight of one hundred grains. The treatment of T2 and T4 in the fruit grain number of a single plant is respectively improved by 6.7 percent and 7.3 percent compared with the treatment of a single plant, and the T2 has no difference. In general, the yield and character difference between intercropping peanuts and pure-cropping peanuts is not obvious, probably because the intercropping years are short and the intercropping rotation effect is not fully exerted.

5.7 influence of Cotton peanut on comprehensive economic benefits

TABLE 9 influence of cotton-peanut interplant on economic efficiency of farmland

Note: the peanut unit price is 6.2 yuan/kg, the cotton unit price is 7.2 yuan/kg, and the cotton and peanut yield in the intercropping mode is the actual harvest yield; the cost investment comprises labor cost and materialized service cost.

According to the table 9, it can be seen that the economic income of the farmland can be remarkably increased by comparing each treatment of intercropping with the cotton of single cropping, and the income of the farmland can be respectively increased by comparing the treatments of T2, T3 and T4 with the cotton in the intercropping mode, namely 75.61%, 69.84% and 118.46%; compared with peanuts, the T2, T3 and T4 treatments respectively increase the yield by 13.28 percent, 9.56 percent and 40.92 percent; the mode of cotton intercropping peanuts 4:6 can obtain the highest economic benefit.

The cotton and peanut intercropping planting mode can improve the cotton branch number, the boll forming number and the boll weight to improve the cotton yield; the breaking ratio strength is improved, the micronaire value is reduced, and the quality of cotton is changed; the photosynthetic rate and the leaf area index are improved, the accumulation of dry matters and the proportion of dry matters in reproductive organs are promoted, and the increase of soil nutrients in a soil plough layer is promoted.

Cotton peanut intercropping under local test conditions 4: and the 6 mode obtains the optimal yield and economic benefit, the yield of the seed cotton is higher, the economic benefit is good, the fiber quality is better, the production advantage is more obvious, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil with the thickness of 0-40cm in a plough layer can be improved, and the method is suitable for being popularized by combining the current production situation.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cotton and peanut composite planting method is characterized in that cotton and peanut are intercropped with equal seeding width of 225-240 cm; 3 ridges of peanuts are formed, the ridge width is 75-80cm, each ridge is provided with 2 rows, and the row spacing is 30-35cm; sowing 4 rows of cotton in 75-80cm equal row spacing on a flat ground; the distance between the ridges and the cotton is 50-60cm.

2. The cotton and peanut composite planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cotton and the peanuts are sown in a film covering manner at the same period from 4 to 5 months.

3. The cotton and peanut composite planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cotton planting density is 4000-5000 plants/mu, and the planting depth of the plant spacing is 3-4cm.

4. The cotton peanut composite planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein peanuts are sowed in a single/double seed mode in each hole, the planting density is 10000-20000 plants/mu, and the sowing depth is 4-5cm.

5. The cotton-peanut intercropping method of claim 1, wherein 1000-2000kg of farmyard manure or 100-150kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied per mu for soil preparation before sowing.

6. The cotton peanut composite planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in thatApplying fertilizer below the row side during cotton sowing, wherein the distance between the cotton and the fertilizer is 10-15cm, and the fertilizer application depth is 10-15cm; applying N5-7kg and P per mu of base ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg and K ₂ 6-10kg of O, and 7-8kg of N applied in the initial flowering phase; or applying quick-acting N fertilizer 4-6kg, controlled-release N fertilizer 7-8kg and P fertilizer once per mu ₂ O ₅ 6-8kg and K ₂ O6-10kg。

7. The cotton and peanut composite planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the peanut is fertilized on ridges when being sown, the distance between the peanut and the fertilization is 4-7cm, and the fertilization depth is 7-10cm; 2-3kg of quick-acting N fertilizer, 4-6kg of controlled-release N fertilizer and P fertilizer are applied per mu ₂ O ₅ 5-8kg and K ₂ O6-8kg。

8. The composite cotton and peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 0.2-0.3% humic acid fertilizer and 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate mixed solution are used for foliage spraying in the last ten days of 8 months, and the mixed solution is sprayed 2 times a day and is sprayed again at intervals of 7-10 days.

9. The cotton and peanut composite planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein irrigation, pest and weed control and chemical control management are performed according to weather conditions and plant growth conditions during the cotton and peanut growing period.

10. The cotton and peanut composite planting method according to claim 1, wherein cotton and peanuts are harvested from the middle of 9 to the upper of 10 months, and the cotton planting belts and the peanut planting belts are planted alternately in the next year.