CN111448956A - Method for cultivating Luffa acutangula and Luffa acutangula high-quality rice wheel in open field in coastal region of south China for three crops in one year - Google Patents
Method for cultivating Luffa acutangula and Luffa acutangula high-quality rice wheel in open field in coastal region of south China for three crops in one year Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable rotation cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for rotating a field-exposed kidney bean and luffa acutangula rice in the coastal region of south China for three times a year. A method for cultivating Luffa acutangula Linn rice with pyramid in open field in coastal areas of south China in a rotation way for three crops in one year comprises the following steps: (1) arranging the crop rotation period; (2) selecting proper fine varieties: (3) a cultivation method. The cultivation method of the invention plants two crops of luffa with edge and high-quality rice suitable for seasons after the four-season bean stubble, and three crops of luffa with edge and high-quality rice are 667m each2The total output value is 2.23 ten thousand yuan, the total investment is 0.59 ten thousand yuan, and the annual income is 1.64 ten thousand yuan. Compared with the traditional cultivation mode of two crops of local kidney beans and sweet potatoes in one year, the cultivation method provided by the invention is used for each 667m2The annual total income is 1.20 ten thousand yuan, the production cost of two crops is about 0.35 ten thousand yuan,the annual average pure income is only 0.85 ten thousand yuan; each 667m2The yield can be increased by 1.03 ten thousand yuan, the pure income can be increased by 0.79 ten thousand yuan, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable rotation cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for rotating a four-season bean luffa pedunculata rice in open field in coastal areas of south China for three times a year.
Background
The kidney beans are one of main vegetable varieties in coastal areas of south China, are rich in nutrition, high in protein content, rich in crude fiber, carbohydrate, vitamins, elements such as iron, phosphorus, calcium and the like, and strong in cultivation adaptability. The kidney beans are also the main vegetable varieties in north China, south China vegetable, Guangdong province, Guangxi province and Hainan province, and the cultivation area of the kidney beans is gradually enlarged. In south China, the early spring is not beneficial to the early-maturing cultivation of the kidney beans due to frequent cold flow and low temperature of overcast and rainy days, so the initial harvest period always goes around 3-4 months. The kidney beans in the coastal areas of Guangxi generally begin to be sown in the last 12 th month, and begin to be harvested and sold on the market in the last 3 rd month of the next year, so that the yield is very low, the income is poor, and the market demand cannot be met. The base adopts the condition of planting twice-ripe to three-ripe in one year, and mainly adopts a single-cropping mode at present, so that the multiple cropping index is lower, and the utilization rate and the yield of land are extremely low. After the green beans are stubbled, part of farmers mainly adopt a green bean-rice one-year two-crop cultivation mode, and each 667m2The annual total income is about 0.98 ten thousand yuan, the production cost investment of two crops is about 0.31 ten thousand yuan, and the annual pure income is only 0.67 ten thousand yuan; some farmers arrange vegetable varieties such as sweet potatoes, Chinese cabbages, bitter gourds and the like, but the sowing periods are basically synchronous or relatively late, so that a large amount of similar vegetables come into the market in the market period, and the economic benefit is low due to low unit price; some farmers directly abandon the farmland, so that the land resources are wasted, and weeds are easy to breed to participate in nutrient competition.
The problems that the base is single in purpose, long in idle period, unscientific in fork arrangement, not paying attention to crop rotation, serious in pest and disease damage, inflexible in market purchase and sale information, unreasonable in the types and varieties of produced vegetables, unscientific in front and back stubble matching, not strong in variety pertinence, not good in market butt joint, lack of advanced pollution-free vegetable high-yield cultivation technology and efficient planting mode and the like are solved, and the method brings greater comprehensive benefits to farmers and becomes a task to be explored by agricultural science and technology workers.
The implementation of scientific wheel cover planting is an effective measure for solving the problem, and economic income can be increased.
The Hepu county of North Hai city is the earliest established south-China vegetable north-China shipping in Guangxi provinceOne of the bases, namely early spring kidney beans are the main vegetable variety and the characteristic industry of the base; the kidney bean is planted in the country, which is famous for large area, early maturity, good quality and time to market; in 2019, the cultivation area of the kidney beans is over 10 ten thousand mu, the total yield is about 20 ten thousand t, and the yield value is over hundred million yuan. Through the exploration of Guangxi agricultural academy and local growers for many years, a set of open field kidney bean-luffa acutangula-rice rotation and one-year three-crop efficient cultivation planting mode is formed. Wherein the average is 667m2The yield of the premature kidney beans is 2000kg, and the yield value is more than 1.0 ten thousand yuan; 3500 formula per 667m of luffa with pyramid flower skin2The production cost is increased by about 0.08 ten thousand yuan, but the annual total income is more than 2.23 ten thousand yuan, and the annual pure income exceeds 1.64 ten thousand yuan. In recent years, the crop rotation is matched, and the yield value is more than 1.05 ten thousand yuan by adopting cultivation modes such as multi-layer covering of a small shed and the like; the yield of the early-maturing high-quality rice is 450kg, and the yield value is more than 0.18 ten thousand yuan. Although the cultivation mold makes a series of improvements on the kidney bean cultivation technology, a complete kidney bean early maturing high-efficiency cultivation technology is gradually formed, the commodity beans are put into the market in 2 months in advance, the time for putting the first batch of spring kidney beans into the market is about 15 days in advance, the early-stage yield and the yield value are greatly improved, 667m2The yield exceeds 2000kg, the yield value is more than 1.0 ten thousand yuan, the yield value is increased by 10 percent compared with the yield value of the conventional planting, and the income increasing effect of farmers is more remarkable; the frame material required by growth of the luffa with the pyramid flower skin is made of early spring kidney beans, so that one crop is put into two crops, the cost investment such as frame material saving, frame building labor and the like is saved, in addition, the root system of the kidney beans has the nitrogen fixation capacity and the soil fertility improving effect, extra nitrogen nutrients can be provided for the growth of the later crops, the requirement of the luffa with the pyramid flower skin on fertilizer-resistant crops is facilitated, and each 667m of luffa is only planted in summer2The cost investment is saved by more than 0.10 ten thousand yuan. The crops for rotation fully exert the utilization rate of land, fertilizer and the like, combine the characteristic of subtropical seasonal humid climate, and have good selling benefit in the market period in positive high-temperature seasons. (ii) a Through rotation of the paddy and dry crops, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of vegetables can be effectively solved, the occurrence of dangerous diseases and insect pests is reduced, the farmland waster of farmers in winter is reduced, and the product quality is improved. The annual popularization area is about 500hm at present2And the goal of 'ten thousand yuan' is achieved.
Combining the above elements, south China edgeThe open field kidney bean and luffa acutangula rice rotation sleeve cultivation mode of three crops in one year in the sea area is an excellent selection, the characteristics of local climate are reasonably utilized, the rotation arrangement is compact, the utilization rate of land and agricultural materials is fully exerted, manpower is saved, and the rotation among different families also reduces the harm and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. Each 667m2The total profit is more than 2.23 ten thousand yuan.
At present, no related report of a cultivation method for covering the open field kidney bean and luffa acutangula rice in a rotation for three crops in one year in the coastal region of south China is found in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method for covering a rice with edge luffa on open field kidney beans in coastal areas of south China for three crops in a round in one year, which improves the yield of spring kidney beans and promotes the spring kidney beans to come into the market in advance by technical measures such as proper close planting, small arched shed in early spring and the like, and the income increase is guaranteed; in summer, the luffa acutangula is sold in the market period in a high-temperature season; the autumn planting of early-maturing high-quality rice does not worry the market. The stubble arrangement is compact, the yield and the economic benefit of the main-crop early spring kidney beans are ensured, the land utilization rate is obviously improved, the production cost investment of the summer luffa acutangula linnaeus is obviously saved, the pest and disease damage is reduced, the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the yield and the quality of agricultural products are improved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating Luffa acutangula Linn rice with pyramid in open field in coastal areas of south China in a rotation way for three crops in one year comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging the crop rotation period:
sowing the first green beans in ten days from 11 months to 12 months, starting harvesting in 2 months in the next year, and cleaning the first green beans in 4 months;
sowing and growing seedlings of the second-crop luffa with edges in 3 middle ten days while harvesting kidney beans, transplanting melon seedlings after cleaning the seedlings in 4 middle ten days, putting the vines on shelves in 5 last ten days, harvesting in 5 months, and cleaning the seedlings in 7 middle ten days;
sowing and seedling the third crop of rice in the first 7 th ten days, transplanting in the last 7 th ten days, and harvesting the rice in the middle and last 11 th months;
(2) selecting proper fine varieties:
the first crop of winter-spring kidney beans is selected to be a variety which is early-maturing, good in cold and cool resistance, round in pod, white in color, resistant to storage and transportation, strong in disease resistance and suitable for export marketing requirements;
selecting a luffa variety with pyramid flower skin, which is early-medium mature, good in heat resistance, high in quality, high in yield, good in uniformity and strong in disease resistance, for the luffa with pyramid flower skin in summer cultivated in the second crop;
selecting high-quality early-maturing rice varieties with high quality, high yield, strong disease resistance and a growing period within 120 days from the rice cultivated in the third crop;
(3) the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
cultivation of the first-crop winter-spring kidney beans:
① land preparation and sowing, namely sowing seeds in the last ten days of 11 months to the last 12 months in the coastal region of south China by adopting a direct sowing method, sterilizing the seeds before sowing, carrying out seed dressing sterilization by adopting a medicament sterilization method by using 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent, mixing 3 to 4kg of seeds with 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent 10m L, planting 3 to 4 seeds in each hole by adopting a furrow with the width of 1.8m (continuous furrow), carrying out double-row planting, sowing 3 to 4 seeds in each hole, carrying out the row spacing of 0.7m and the plant spacing of 0.5m, and preparing the base fertilizer by using 1000 kg/667m of decomposed organic materials230-50kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer215-20kg/667m calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2Furrow application or full-layer fertilization is adopted, and deep ploughing and raking are carried out after fertilization;
② constructing and removing shed, namely after sowing, constructing a small heat-insulating arched shed with a length of no more than 25m, a width of 0.9-1.1m and a height of 0.5-0.6m by using bamboo chips with a length of 1.7-1.8m and agricultural films with a width of 1.8-2.0m and a thickness of 0.005-0.006mm along the ridge, removing the small arched shed when the bean seedlings grow to 3-5 true leaves and the plant height is 0.3-0.5m, and taking care to remove the films, ventilate and harden the seedlings before removing the shed;
③ introducing tendrils by building a herringbone frame with length of more than 2.4m, winding bean tendrils on the bamboo rods counterclockwise, and removing side branches below 0.5m when the plant is 1.3-1.5m high;
④ seedling protection and control, namely, timely thinning out seedlings every 667m after shed disassembly28000-9000 seedling protection strain; controlling seedlings according to the condition of bare-grown seedlings, and spraying 1000 times of solution of 30% benzyl propiconazole emulsifiable solution for 3 times; the height of the soybean seedlings at the 1 st time is 0.5-0.6m, the height of the soybean seedlings at the 2 nd time is 1.1-1.2m, and the height of the soybean seedlings at the 3 rd time is 1.5 m;
⑤ field management comprises keeping the soil in the shed moist during the seedling stage of the small arched shed, controlling water by introducing climber to the initial flowering stage, ensuring sufficient water during the full flowering stage, maintaining the relative humidity of the field soil at 75-85% during the pod bearing stage, intertillage, earthing, weeding during the seedling stage, applying urea or diammonium phosphate in the main root system region of kidney bean, applying fertilizer 1 time every 8 days for 2 times, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 3kg/667m2(ii) a Topdressing is carried out in the flowering and pod bearing period in combination with watering, fertilization is carried out for 1 time every 7 days and 4 times in total, and the fertilization amount of each time is 10kg/667m of the ternary compound fertilizer25kg/667m of superphosphoric acid22kg/667m of potassium chloride2(ii) a In addition, 1 time of foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 6 days in the pod-bearing full period for 3 times, and the fertilizing amount of each time is 50kg/667m of 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution2Continuously spraying for 3 times;
and (3) cultivating the luffa acutangula in summer in the second crop:
① sowing and culturing seedling, namely, sowing and culturing seedling in 3 middle ten days of the month while harvesting kidney beans, wherein the seedling period is 25-35d, the seeds are disinfected before sowing by a method of soaking the seeds in warm soup or disinfecting by a medicament, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 ℃ and continuously stirred for 15-25min before sowing, the seeds are naturally cooled and then continuously soaked for 8-10h, the seeds are taken out and cleaned, the seeds are wrapped by clean and wet cotton cloth after water is drained, germination is accelerated under the environmental condition of 30-32 ℃, the seeds are kept to be wet in the germination accelerating process, hole tray seedling culture or seedbed seedling culture is adopted, seedling culture soil adopts a complete seedling culture substrate, nutrient soil in a seedling culture tray is thoroughly drenched one day before sowing, the exposed seeds are sowed in a 72-hole tray substrate, 1 particle per hole or uniformly sowed on a seedbed, a prewetting substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm is covered after sowing, and then the seedlings are cultured in a;
② field planting, wherein the planting density is 1.5m in row spacing and 1m in plant spacing, and the density is 700 plants/667 m2；
③ pruning, namely leading the vines to be placed on a rack when the plant vines grow to 0.5m, pressing the vines and nest vines when the plant vines grow over a full period, and removing the redundant lateral vines below the plant vines after leading the vines;
④ field management comprises spraying water according to weather conditions, controlling water strictly from seedling stage to vine leading stage, and performing full-bloom field managementThe relative humidity of the soil is kept between 80 and 85 percent; base fertilizer, 3-5 days before field planting, according to 500kg/667m of decomposed organic fertilizer230kg/667m of mixed ternary compound fertilizer2Applying base fertilizer by adopting no-tillage ditching; topdressing: in the seedling stage, no fertilizer is applied; when the female flowers appear, fertilizing for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20kg/667m of high-potassium compound fertilizer2(ii) a In the initial harvest period, the fertilizer is applied for 1 time by combining water spraying, and the fertilizer application amount is 15kg/667m of the topdressing high-potassium compound fertilizer2(ii) a In the full-harvest period, fertilizing for 4 times at intervals of 1 time and 1 time every 7 days in a strip-fertilizing and hole-fertilizing mode, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10kg/667m of high-potassium compound fertilizer2；
And (3) cultivating the rice in the third autumn:
① sowing seeds and managing seedling bed, namely sowing seeds in the first ten days of 7 months, selecting seeds with clear water before sowing, then sowing seeds, preparing seedling bed according to the ratio of the seedling bed to the field being 1: 8, and using 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer2Making seedling bed base fertilizer; topdressing: when 2 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling are planted, 5kg/667m of 46.3 percent urea is applied2And 60% potassium chloride 5kg/667m2(ii) a 3 days before transplanting, 6kg/667m of 46.3% urea is applied2；
② transplanting when the seedling age reaches 23-27 days, planting hole size is 0.18m × 0.2.2 m, planting 1.8-2.0 ten thousand holes/667 m2The number of seedlings planted in each hole is 2-3;
③ field management including water soaking to promote tillering, transplanting for 18 days, draining, drying in the sun, maintaining shallow water layer from booting stage to heading stage, grouting to mature stage, maintaining field humidity, and cutting off water 7 days before harvest, and applying 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20kg/667m as base fertilizer260% potassium chloride 5kg/667m246.3 percent of urea 5kg/667m2(ii) a Applying additional tillering fertilizer for 1 time 7-8 days after transplanting, wherein the fertilizing amount is 7kg/667m of 46.3% urea25kg/667m of potassium chloride2(ii) a Applying ear-spike fertilizer for 1 time 12-15 days before ear emergence, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 5kg/667m of 46.3% urea260% potassium chloride 3kg/667m2。
Preferably, the kidney bean variety suitable for export marketing requirement in the step (2) is Thailand shelf bean king, disease-resistant Shuangqing No. 12 jade bean, extra green jade bean, universal jade, superfine Thailand shelf bean king or French green jade shelf bean.
Preferably, the variety of the luffa with the pyramid flower skin in the step (2) is Xiansheng No. 4, Hemo No. 1, Guiguan No. 5 or Guisi No. 3.
Preferably, the early maturing high quality rice variety in the step (2) is Y Liangyou No. 1, Boyou No. 1652, Longliangyouhuazhan, Changliangyou No. 2, Fengtian you No. 103, Changliangyou No. 9, Fengshouyou No. 1, Guangdong miscellaneous 922, II you No. 7, Special indica No. 25 or Qishan zhan.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the step (3) is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
Preferably, the N: P in the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (3)2O5:K2O＝15:15:15。
Preferably, the N: P in the high-potassium compound fertilizer in the step (3)2O5:K2O＝18:7:20。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cultivation method of the invention does not influence and ensures the yield and economic benefit of the kidney bean which is mainly used as spring stubble, because the kidney bean belongs to leguminous plants, luffa cucurbitaceae and paddy gramineae, and can not form continuous cropping obstacle; in addition, the method of the invention is beneficial to the prevention and control of the diseases and insect pests of the polluted vegetables and the reduction of the occurrence of the diseases and insect pests by the implementation of the paddy-upland rotation.
(2) According to the cultivation method, summer luffa acutangula and autumn high-quality rice are additionally planted after the winter bean is stubbled in early spring, the local climate characteristics are reasonably utilized in the one-year three-crop cultivation mode, stubble openings are compactly arranged, the land utilization rate is fully exerted, the frame material and the mulching film required by growth of the summer luffa acutangula are utilized, two crops are used in one crop, the cost input of the frame material, the mulching film, the frame building labor and the like is saved, the root system of the kidney bean has the nitrogen fixation capacity and the soil fertility improving effect, the additional nitrogen nutrient can be provided for the growth of the later crops, the requirement of the fertilizer-resistant crop on the luffa acutangula, the cost is saved, and the benefit is further increased. By crop rotation of paddy and dry crops, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of vegetables can be effectively solved, the occurrence of damage of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the product quality is improved.
(3) The cultivation method of the invention improves the early-stage yield of spring kidney beans and improves the early marketing of spring kidney beans by technical measures of proper close planting, small arched sheds in early spring and the like, and the yield is increased and guaranteed; in addition, the picking period is long, the yield is high, the storage and transportation are resistant, and the loss is low; the autumn high-quality rice with the growing period within 120 days is not worried about the market due to good rice quality, and is suitable for the time arrangement of the production of the other two crops. The technology reasonably arranges the crop rotation period, selects excellent varieties, changes the marketing period of traditional planting, can supplement the vegetable varieties in the off-season market, can solve the problem of idle land in winter, can reduce the continuous cropping obstacles in the rotation of the paddy and dry crops, and has very obvious economic and social benefits.
(4) The cultivation method of the invention plants two crops of luffa with edge and rice suitable for seasons after the four-season bean stubble, and three crops are each 667m2The total output value is more than 2.23 ten thousand yuan, the total investment is 0.59 ten thousand yuan, and the annual income is 1.64 ten thousand yuan. Compared with the traditional cultivation mode of two crops of one year of local kidney beans and rice, each 667m of the cultivation mode is2The annual total income is about 0.98 ten thousand yuan, the production cost of two crops is about 0.31 ten thousand yuan, and the annual pure income is only 0.67 ten thousand yuan. Each 667m2The yield can be increased by 1.25 ten thousand yuan, the pure income is increased by 0.97 ten thousand yuan, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
(5) In order to solve the problems that the application of a kidney bean base is single, the idle period is long, the fork arrangement is unscientific, the crop rotation is not noticed, serious plant diseases and insect pests are caused, the market purchase and sale information is not flexible, the types and varieties of produced vegetables are unreasonable, the matching of the front and rear crops is unscientific, the variety pertinence is not strong, the market butt joint is not good, the advanced pollution-free vegetable high-yield cultivation technology and the efficient cultivation mode are lacked, and the like, the cultivation modes of proper dense planting, small shed multilayer covering and the like are utilized, the cultivation method provided by the invention improves the kidney bean cultivation technology in series, the complete kidney bean early-maturing efficient cultivation technology is gradually formed, the commodity melon is put into the market at the beginning of 3 months in advance, the marketing time of the first spring kidney bean is prolonged by about 15 days, the early-stage yield and output value are greatlyPart of the fertility is obtained by utilizing the kidney beans in early spring, so that one-crop-use and two-crop-use are realized, the investment cost of frame materials, fertilizers, frame building labor and the like is saved, the root system of leguminous crops has the functions of nitrogen fixation and soil fertility improvement, additional nitrogen nutrients can be provided for the growth of the next-crop-use Luffa acutangula, and the summer-use Luffa acutangula stubble is only used for every 667m2The cost investment is saved by more than 1000 yuan; the rotation of the paddy and dry crops can reduce the continuous cropping obstacles, reduce the damage of plant diseases and insect pests in vegetable bases, reduce the farmland desertion of farmers in winter and improve the product quality. The open field kidney bean-luffa acutangula-rice rotation one-year three-crop cultivation method is an excellent planting mode and is worth further popularization in vegetable planting areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating Luffa acutangula Linn rice with pyramid in open field in coastal areas of south China in a rotation way for three crops in one year comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging the crop rotation period:
sowing the first green beans in ten days from 11 months to 12 months, starting harvesting in 2 months in the next year, and cleaning the first green beans in 4 months;
sowing and growing seedlings of the second-crop luffa with edges in 3 middle ten days while harvesting kidney beans, transplanting melon seedlings after cleaning the seedlings in 4 middle ten days, putting the vines on shelves in 5 last ten days, harvesting in 5 months, and cleaning the seedlings in 7 middle ten days;
sowing and seedling the third crop of rice in the first 7 th ten days, transplanting in the last 7 th ten days, and harvesting the rice in the middle and last 11 th months;
(2) selecting proper fine varieties:
the first crop of winter-spring kidney beans is selected from early-maturing, good cold and cool resistance, round pods, white and blue, storage and transportation resistance, strong disease resistance and suitable for export demand, such as Thai frame bean king, disease-resistant Shuangqing No. 12 jade beans, extra green jade beans, universal emerald, special Thai frame bean king, France green jade frame beans and the like;
selecting the second crop of summer Luffa acutangula with skin of pyramid flower, such as Xiansheng No. 4, Heyan No. 1, Guiguan No. 5, and Guisi No. 3, etc., which are early-medium mature, good heat resistance, high quality, high yield, good uniformity, and strong disease resistance;
the rice cultivated in the third crop is selected from high-quality, high-yield, high-disease-resistance early-maturing and high-quality rice varieties with the growing period within 120 days, such as Y Eryou No. 1, Boyou 1652 and Longyou Huazhan. Changliangyou Xiang 2, Fengtian you 103, Changliangyou No. 9, Fengshun you No. 1, Guangdong miscellaneous 922, IIyou No. 7, specially long-shaped accounts for 25, Qishan accounts for etc.;
(3) the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
cultivation of kidney beans in winter and spring:
soil preparation and sowing, wherein direct seeding is generally adopted, sowing is carried out in the coastal areas of south China from late 11 to early 12 months, seeds are disinfected before sowing, a medicament disinfection method is adopted, seed dressing disinfection treatment is carried out by using 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent, 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent 10m L is mixed with 3 to 4kg of seeds, double-row planting is carried out by adopting furrow width of 1.8m (continuous furrow), 3 to 4 seeds are sowed in each hole, row spacing is 0.7m, plant spacing is 0.5m, and base fertilizer is 1000 kg/667m of thoroughly decomposed organic materials230-50kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer215-20kg/667m calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2Furrow application or full-layer fertilization is adopted, and deep ploughing and raking are carried out after fertilization;
erecting and removing the shed: after sowing, using bamboo chips with the length of 1.7-1.8m, agricultural films with the width of 1.8-2.0m and the thickness of 0.005-0.006mm to construct a small heat-preservation arched shed with the length of no more than 25m, the width of 0.9-1.1m and the height of 0.5-0.6m along the ridge; when the bean seedlings grow to 3-5 true leaves and the plant height is 0.3-0.5m, removing the small arched shed, and before the shed is removed, taking care to uncover the film, ventilate and harden the seedlings;
leading vines: building a herringbone frame by using a bamboo pole with the length of more than 2.4m, and winding the bean vines on the bamboo pole in a counter-clockwise direction; when the plant is 1.3-1.5m high, the lateral branches of the plant below 0.5m are all removed;
seedling protection and control: after the shed is disassembled, the seedlings are thinned in time, and 8000-9000 seedlings are protected every 667m 2; controlling seedlings according to the condition of bare-grown seedlings, and spraying 1000 times of solution of 30% benzyl propiconazole emulsifiable solution for 3 times; the height of the soybean seedlings at the 1 st time is 0.5-0.6m, the height of the soybean seedlings at the 2 nd time is 1.1-1.2m, and the height of the soybean seedlings at the 3 rd time is 1.5 m;
⑤ field management, keeping in the shed during seedling stage in small arched shedMoistening the soil; leading the vines to stand until the initial flowering phase, and strictly controlling water, wherein sufficient water is ensured in the full flowering phase; the relative humidity of the field soil in the pod bearing period is kept between 75 and 85 percent; cultivating and ridging in seedling stage in combination with weeding, topdressing urea or diammonium phosphate in main root system area of kidney bean, applying fertilizer 1 time every 8 days for 2 times, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 3kg/667m2(ii) a Topdressing is carried out in the flowering and pod bearing period in combination with watering, fertilization is carried out for 1 time every 7 days and 4 times in total, and the fertilization amount of each time is 10kg/667m of the ternary compound fertilizer25kg/667m of superphosphoric acid22kg/667m of potassium chloride2(ii) a In addition, 1 time of foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 6 days in the pod-bearing full period for 3 times, and the fertilizing amount of each time is 50kg/667m of 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution2Continuously spraying for 3 times;
and (3) pest control: the key disease control of kidney beans is as follows: damping off, root rot, rust disease, gray mold, bacterial blight, virus disease and the like, and the key insect pests are mainly prevented and treated by the following steps: liriomyza sativae, leguminous borer, aphid. The cultivation management should follow the plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive control', and adhere to the comprehensive control principle of 'agricultural control, physical and biological control are the main and chemical control is the auxiliary'. Irrigating or spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the early stage of the onset of damping-off and root rot for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; in the early stage of rust disease occurrence, 1000-fold liquid of 15% triazolone wettable powder or 500-fold liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder is used for preventing and treating for 1 time every 7-10 days and for 2-3 times continuously; spraying 800 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 500 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable particle powder at the initial stage of gray mold disease, spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; in the early stage of the onset of bacterial blight, 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000-4000-fold liquid or 90% neomycin 3000-4000-fold liquid + cyproconazole zinc or 3000-fold liquid are alternately used, and the prevention and treatment are mainly performed on the lower leaves of plants. In the early stage of viral diseases, the 20% virus A soluble powder 800 times liquid, the 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid and the zinc sulfate 2000 times liquid are mixed for prevention and treatment, the prevention and treatment are carried out 1 time every 7-10 days, and the prevention and treatment are continuously carried out 3 times. The pod borer is alternately prevented and controlled by using 500 times of 20% deltamethrin liquid and 1000 times of 1.8% abamectin liquid, and is sprayed for 1 time every 6-7 days from the initial flowering phase to the end of the flowering phase. 1.8 percent of abamectin 2500-. Aphids can be prevented and treated by spraying 5000-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules.
Harvesting: the bean pods reach the commodity maturity standard, the pods are full and soft, and the proper harvesting period is when the seed grains are not exposed;
cultivation of Luffa acutangula in summer:
sowing and seedling raising: sowing and raising seedlings in 3 middle ten days while harvesting the kidney beans, wherein the seedling period is 25-35 d; disinfecting seeds before sowing by adopting a warm soup seed soaking or medicament disinfection method; soaking seeds in warm water of 55 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring for 15-25min, naturally cooling, and continuously soaking seeds for 8-10 h; taking out, cleaning, draining, wrapping with clean and wet cotton cloth, and germinating at 30-32 deg.C while keeping seeds wet; adopting plug seedling or seedbed seedling, wherein the seedling soil adopts a full-value seedling substrate; spraying nutrient soil in a seedling tray thoroughly one day before sowing, sowing the lubai seeds in a tray matrix with 72 holes, wherein each hole has 1 grain, or uniformly sowing the seeds on a seedbed, covering a prewetting matrix with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm after sowing, and then using a small arched shed for heat preservation and seedling cultivation;
planting: planting when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and one heart; double-row field planting with the planting density of 1.5m row spacing, 1m plant spacing and the density of 700 plants/667 m2Left and right;
pruning: leading the vines to be shelved when the plant vines grow about 0.5 m; pressing vines and nest vines when the vines grow excessively, and removing redundant lateral vines below the vines after introducing the vines;
field management: the summer towel gourd grows vigorously, water is sprayed according to weather conditions, water is strictly controlled from a seedling stage to a vine leading-up stage, and the relative humidity of field soil in a full-bloom stage is kept at 80-85%; base fertilizer, 3-5 days before field planting, according to 500kg/667m of decomposed organic fertilizer230kg/667m of mixed ternary compound fertilizer2Applying base fertilizer by adopting no-tillage ditching; topdressing: in the seedling stage, no fertilizer is applied; when the female flowers appear, fertilizing for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20kg/667m of high potassium compound fertilizer2(ii) a In the initial harvest period, the fertilizer is applied for 1 time by combining water spraying, and the fertilizer application amount is 15kg/667m of the topdressing high-potassium compound fertilizer2(ii) a In the full harvest period, a method of strip application and hole application is adoptedApplying fertilizer 1 time every 7 days for 4 times, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 10kg/667m for high potassium compound fertilizer2；
The N: P in the ternary compound fertilizer2O5:K2O15: 15: 15; p is N in the high-potassium compound fertilizer2O5:K2O＝18:7:20；
And (3) pest control: the main diseases of the towel gourd include downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, blight and the like, and the main pests include liriomyza sativae, melon flies and the like. The downy mildew can be alternately prevented and treated by using 800-fold liquid of 72.2 percent pulikes liquid, 800-fold liquid of 72 percent cymoxanil-mancozeb, 400-fold liquid of 70 percent mancozeb and the like at the early stage of the disease, and the application is carried out for 1 time every 7 to 10 days; bacterial angular leaf spot can be prevented and controlled by 600 times of liquid of 75 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder and 600 times of liquid of 69 percent enoyl morpholine-mancozeb water dispersible granules, and the bacterial angular leaf spot is applied for 1 time every 7 to 10 days; the wilt disease should be prevented and treated after field planting, and root irrigation can be carried out alternately by using 25% carbendazim 600-fold liquid, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-fold liquid and the like, and the pesticide is applied for 1 time every 7-10 days and is continuously applied for 2-3 times; the liriomyza sativae can be alternately prevented and controlled by 1000 times of liquid of 1.8 percent of abamectin or 800 times of liquid of spinetoram and the like; picking off all diseased melons in time after the melon flies are damaged, hanging an empty mineral water bottle sprayed with an insect physical trapping adhesive or bait to trap and kill the adult melon flies, spraying 1000 times of 20% chlorocyanogen-fenobucarb missible oil solution at night, spraying for 1 time at intervals of 3-5d, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
harvesting: the melon seeds are preferably harvested when the melon seeds are full, the peel of the melon seeds is glossy, the melon seeds are soft in hand feeling and not thick and hard, and the melon seeds are cut off at the fruit stalks during harvesting;
cultivation of rice in autumn:
① sowing seeds and managing seedling bed, namely sowing seeds in the first ten days of 7 months, selecting seeds with clear water before sowing, then sowing seeds, preparing seedling bed according to the ratio of the seedling bed to the field being 1: 8, and using 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer2Making seedling bed base fertilizer; topdressing: when 2 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling are planted, 5kg/667m of 46.3 percent urea is applied2And 60% potassium chloride 5kg/667m2(ii) a 3 days before transplanting, 6kg/667m of 46.3% urea is applied2；
② transplanting when the seedling age reaches 23-27 days, planting hole size is 0.18m × 0.2.2 m, planting 1.8-2.0 ten thousand holes/667 m2Each ofThe number of seedlings planted in holes is 2-3;
③ field management including water soaking to promote tillering, transplanting for 18 days, draining, drying in the sun, maintaining shallow water layer from booting stage to heading stage, grouting to mature stage, maintaining field humidity, and cutting off water 7 days before harvest, and applying 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20kg/667m as base fertilizer260% potassium chloride 5kg/667m246.3 percent of urea 5kg/667m2(ii) a Applying additional tillering fertilizer for 1 time 7-8 days after transplanting, wherein the fertilizing amount is 7kg/667m of 46.3% urea25kg/667m of potassium chloride2(ii) a Applying ear-spike fertilizer for 1 time 12-15 days before ear emergence, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 5kg/667m of 46.3% urea260% potassium chloride 3kg/667m2。
And (3) pest control: the main diseases of rice include sheath blight, rice blast and the like, and the main pests of rice include rice planthopper and the like. Spraying 250ml of 5% validamycin aqua to 60kg of water per mu to prevent and treat sheath blight; spraying 1000 times of 20% validamycin wettable powder or 1000 times of 40% isoprothiolane emulsifiable solution to prevent and control rice blast in the heading and opening breaking period; 75kg of imidacloprid wettable powder of 200g or buprofezin of 10g is sprayed to prevent and control rice planthopper by water of 50kg per mu.
In 2016 + 2017, the institute of vegetable research of agricultural science and institute of Zhuang nationality autonomous region in Guangxi province has carried out a crop rotation and rotation linking test of three crops in one year on different sowing periods and fixed planting periods in Shandi bean with edge loofah in open country, Xunxiang south district yellow house town in Hokko city, Xuwen river county in Guangdong province, Chongtown in Hainan county, and the like, and the test has introduced more than 20 varieties for product ratio, and the test has concluded a cultivation method of rice rotation and rotation of edge loofah in open country, at present, the popularization area in the demonstration area is about 100hm2And has been implemented every 667m2"too ten thousand yuan" target.
Compared with the traditional cultivation mode of one-year two-crop kidney beans-rice in Hongshan Hongkong district in North Guangxi city, the mode of cultivation of kidney beans-sweet potatoes in Hepu Guangxi county, the mode of cultivation of kidney beans-cabbage-rice in Qinzhou southern district in Qinzhou city, the mode of cultivation of kidney beans-bitter gourds in Xuwen county in Guangdong province, and the mode of cultivation of kidney beans-cucumber in Hainan Dong county, the cultivation method has the following differences:
(1) different crop rotation periods, different sowing and cultivation time, different stubble number and different benefits.
The most similar technology in the prior art is that only one crop of vegetables or other commercial crops are planted after the four-season bean stubble, and only two crops of vegetables are planted in partial areas. By adopting the cultivation technologies such as a small shed covering early-stage technology, a reasonable close planting seedling control technology and the like, the cultivation method of the open field kidney bean Luffa acutangula paddy rice in a way of being sleeved with three crops in a round in one year is an excellent planting mode, the early-stage yield of the kidney bean in early spring is improved, the early-stage marketing time is prolonged, the income is increased and guaranteed, and the cultivation time of the Luffa acutangula in summer is also guaranteed; in the market period of the summer luffa with the prismatic flower spots, the temperature is positive in high temperature season, the yield is high, and the product is more attractive than that of the common luffa with the prismatic flower spots; the high-quality rice in the autumn planting growth period within 120 days is not worried about marketing, so that the growth time of sowing and the like in the early-maturing cultivation of the kidney beans is ensured. According to a local traditional mode, after the production area of the kidney beans in early spring along the sea area in south China, such as the Hongshan harbor area in northern south China sea, Guangxi Hepu county, the Qinzuan area in Qinzhou city, the Xuwen county in the Zhanjiang city, the Chongqing town in Hainan county and the like is cultivated, only one batch of vegetables or other economic crops can be planted due to the influence of factors such as too late harvesting time of the previous batch, continuous cropping and continuous cropping obstacles, serious insect pests and the like, the harvesting can be finished only in the lower ten days in 5 months of the kidney beans in Guangxi Hepu county, the rice is planted in 7 months, and the harvesting is finished in 11 months; planting sweet potatoes in Guangxi Hepu county in 8 months and harvesting in 12 months; after the kidney beans in Xuwen county and other places in Zhanjiang city, Guangdong are cultivated, the balsam pears are planted and harvested in 10 months. The yield value of summer balsam pear planted in the condition that only one batch of vegetables or other economic crops is planted after four seasons of beans is stubbled is the highest, and each 667m of summer balsam pear planted2The yield value is 2.25 ten thousand yuan, the total investment is 0.88 ten thousand yuan, the pure income is 1.37 ten thousand yuan, and mainly, the economic benefit is low and even the income is lost due to too large investment of pesticides for pest control and the like. The yield value of the kidney bean-Chinese cabbage-rice cultivation mode in two crops planted after four bean stubbles is the highest, and each 667m2The yield is 1.48 ten thousand yuan, and the pure income is 0.99 ten thousand yuan. The method is to plant two crops after the four-season bean; the second summer has edge flower-like luffa in kidney beanSowing and raising seedlings in the middle 3 months while harvesting, transplanting melon seedlings after cleaning stubbles in the middle 4 months, putting the vines on shelves in the first 5 months, harvesting in the first 5 months, and cleaning stubbles in the middle 7 months; and sowing and seedling the third crop of rice in the first 7 th ten days, transplanting in the last 7 th month, and harvesting the rice in the middle and last 11 th months. Three crops each 667m2The total output value is more than 2.23 ten thousand yuan, the total investment is 0.59 ten thousand yuan, and the annual income is 1.64 ten thousand yuan.
(2) The planted vegetables have different types and different benefits.
TABLE 1 comparison of economic benefits for different cultivation modes (yield: kg/667 m)2(ii) a Yield, investment, pure income: ten thousand yuan/667 m2)
Note: the input comprises fertilizer, seeds, mulching film, pesticide, manpower and the like. The table shows the crops with higher benefits in the variety planted in each area test.
1. Bitter gourd: each 667m2The yield is 2500 kg, calculated according to 5 yuan/kg, and the yield value is 1.25 ten thousand yuan. Adding 0.55 ten thousand yuan: 0.05 seed, 0.15 fertilizer, 0.15 pesticide and 0.2 manual operation (12 workers are sown and managed in the field, 6 workers are harvested, the total number of 25 workers is calculated, and the manual operation accounts for 100 yuan per worker).
2. Cucumber: each 667m22000kg is produced, calculated as 5 yuan/kg, the yield value is 1.0 ten thousand yuan, 0.5 ten thousand yuan is added: 0.01 seed, 0.15 fertilizer, 0.15 pesticide, 0.05 other agricultural material and 0.14 yuan manual work (10 workers in field management, 4 workers in harvest, 14 workers in total and 100 yuan/worker settlement).
As shown in Table 1, after farmers adopt the cultivation mode of the open green kidney bean-luffa acutangula-rice rotation for three crops in one year in the early spring kidney bean production base of the invention, the cultivation mode is 667m each year2The total output value is more than 2.23 ten thousand yuan, the total investment is 0.59 ten thousand yuan, and the annual income is 1.64 ten thousand yuan. Compared with the traditional cultivation mode of one-year two-crop of kidney beans-rice in Hongshan harbor areas of northern sea city, Guangxi, each 667m2The yield value can be increased by 1.25 ten thousand yuan, and the pure income is increased by 0.97 ten thousand yuan; is matched with the mode of cultivating kidney bean-sweet potato in Guangxi Hepu countyCompared with the prior art, the yield value of 2 per 667m can be increased by 1.03 ten thousand yuan, and the net income is increased by 0.79 ten thousand yuan; compared with the mode of cultivating kidney bean, cabbage and rice in Qinzhou southern region, each 667m2The yield value can be increased by 0.75 ten thousand yuan, and the pure income is increased by 0.65 ten thousand yuan; compared with the mode of cultivating kidney beans-balsam pears in Xuwen county, Zhanjiang city, Guangdong province, each 667m2The yield value is reduced by 0.02 ten thousand yuan, and the pure income is increased by 0.27 ten thousand yuan; compared with the mode of cultivating kidney beans and cucumbers in Hainan Ledong county, each 667m2The yield can be increased by 0.23 ten thousand yuan, and the net income can be increased by 0.5 ten thousand yuan.
In addition, the production base of the early spring kidney beans adopts the open field kidney beans-luffa acutangula linnaeus-rice rotation cultivation mode of one-year three-crop rotation, so that the continuous cropping obstacles can be reduced, the damage of plant diseases and insect pests of the vegetable base can be reduced, and the risk of open field planting of kidney beans and luffa acutangula linnaeus can be reduced.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method for a one-year three-crop rotation of field kidney bean and luffa acutangula rice in coastal areas of south China is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging the crop rotation period:
sowing the first green beans in ten days from 11 months to 12 months, starting harvesting in 2 months in the next year, and cleaning the first green beans in 4 months;
sowing and growing seedlings of the second-crop luffa with edges in 3 middle ten days while harvesting kidney beans, transplanting melon seedlings after cleaning the seedlings in 4 middle ten days, leading vines to be shelved in 5 last ten days, harvesting in 5 months, and cleaning the seedlings in 7 middle ten days;
sowing and seedling the third crop of rice in the first 7 th ten days, transplanting in the last 7 th ten days, and harvesting the rice in the middle and last 11 th months;
(2) selecting proper fine varieties:
the first crop of winter-spring kidney beans is selected to be a variety which is early-maturing, good in cold and cool resistance, round in pod, white in color, resistant to storage and transportation, strong in disease resistance and suitable for export marketing requirements;
selecting a luffa variety with pyramid flower skin, which is early-medium mature, good in heat resistance, high in quality, high in yield, good in uniformity and strong in disease resistance, for the luffa with pyramid flower skin cultivated in the second crop in summer;
selecting high-quality early-maturing rice varieties with high quality, high yield, strong disease resistance and a growing period within 120 days from the rice cultivated in the third crop;
(3) the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
cultivation of the first-crop winter-spring kidney beans:
① land preparation and sowing, namely sowing seeds in the last ten days of 11 months to the last 12 months in the coastal region of south China by adopting a direct sowing method, sterilizing the seeds before sowing, carrying out seed dressing sterilization treatment by adopting a medicament sterilization method by using 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent, mixing 3 to 4kg of seeds by using 10m L of 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent, adopting furrow width of 1.8m (continuous furrow), carrying out double-row planting, sowing 3 to 4 seeds in each hole, wherein the row spacing is 0.7m, the plant spacing is 0.5m, and the base fertilizer is 1500kg/667m according to the maturity organic ratio of 1000-230-50kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer215-20kg/667m calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2Furrow application or full-layer fertilization is adopted, and deep ploughing and raking are carried out after fertilization;
② constructing and removing shed, namely after sowing, constructing a small heat-preservation shed with a length of no more than 25m, a width of 0.9-1.1m and a height of 0.5-0.6m by using bamboo chips with a length of 1.7-1.8m and an agricultural film with a width of 1.8-2.0m and a thickness of 0.005-0.006mm along the ridge, removing the small shed when the bean seedlings grow to 3-5 true leaves and the plant height is 0.3-0.5m, and taking care to open the film for ventilation and hardening before removing the shed;
③ introducing tendrils by building a herringbone frame with length of more than 2.4m, winding bean tendrils on the bamboo rods counterclockwise, and removing side branches below 0.5m when the plant is 1.3-1.5m high;
④ seedling protection and control, namely, timely thinning out seedlings every 667m after shed disassembly2Seedling protection8000-; controlling the seedlings according to the overgrowth condition of the seedlings, and spraying 1000 times of solution of 30 percent benzyl propiconazole emulsifiable solution for 3 times; the height of the soybean seedlings at the 1 st time is 0.5-0.6m, the height of the soybean seedlings at the 2 nd time is 1.1-1.2m, and the height of the soybean seedlings at the 3 rd time is 1.5 m;
⑤ field management comprises keeping the soil in the shed moist during seedling stage of small arched shed, strictly controlling water during initial flowering stage, ensuring sufficient water during full flowering stage, maintaining the relative humidity of the field soil at 75-85% during pod bearing stage, intertillage, earthing, weeding during seedling stage, additionally applying urea or diammonium phosphate in the main root system region of kidney bean, applying fertilizer 1 time every 8 days for 2 times, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 3kg/667m2(ii) a Topdressing is carried out in the flowering and pod bearing period in combination with watering, fertilization is carried out for 1 time every 7 days and 4 times in total, and the fertilization amount of each time is 10kg/667m of the ternary compound fertilizer25kg/667m of superphosphoric acid22kg/667m of potassium chloride2(ii) a In addition, 1 time of foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 6 days in the pod-bearing full period for 3 times, and the fertilizing amount of each time is 50kg/667m of 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution2Continuously spraying for 3 times;
and (3) cultivating the luffa acutangula in summer in the second crop:
① sowing and culturing seedling, namely, sowing and culturing seedling in 3 middle ten days of the month while harvesting kidney beans, wherein the seedling period is 25-35d, the seeds are disinfected before sowing by a method of soaking the seeds in warm soup or disinfecting by a medicament, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 ℃ and continuously stirred for 15-25min before sowing, the seeds are naturally cooled and then continuously soaked for 8-10h, the seeds are taken out and cleaned, the seeds are wrapped by clean and wet cotton cloth after moisture is drained, germination is accelerated under the environmental condition of 30-32 ℃, the seeds are kept to be wet in the germination accelerating process, hole tray seedling culture or seedbed seedling culture is adopted, seedling culture soil adopts a complete seedling culture substrate, nutrient soil in a seedling culture tray is thoroughly sprayed and water is sowed in a 72-hole tray substrate, 1 particle per hole or uniformly sowed on a seedbed, a prewetting substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm is covered after sowing, and then the seedlings are cultured in a small arched shed;
② field planting, wherein the planting density is 1.5m in row spacing and 1m in plant spacing, and the density is 700 plants/667 m2；
③ pruning, namely leading the vines to be placed on a rack when the plant vines grow to 0.5m, pressing the vines and nest vines when the plant vines grow over a full period, and removing the redundant lateral vines below the plant vines after leading the vines;
④ field management, wherein summer fructus Luffae grows vigorously by spraying water according to weather conditions, strictly controlling water from seedling stage to vine leading stage, maintaining relative humidity of field soil at 80-85% in full-bloom stage, and applying base fertilizer 3-5 days before field planting according to decomposed organic fertilizer 500kg/667m230kg/667m of mixed ternary compound fertilizer2Applying base fertilizer by adopting no-tillage ditching; topdressing: in the seedling stage, no fertilizer is applied; when the female flowers appear, fertilizing for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20kg/667m of high potassium compound fertilizer2(ii) a In the initial harvest period, the fertilizer is applied for 1 time by combining water spraying, and the fertilizer application amount is 15kg/667m of the topdressing high-potassium compound fertilizer2(ii) a In the full-harvest period, fertilizing for 4 times in a strip-fertilizing and hole-fertilizing mode at intervals of 1 time and 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10kg/667m of high-potassium compound fertilizer for each time2；
And (3) cultivating the rice in the third autumn:
① sowing and managing seedling bed, namely sowing in the first ten days of 7 months, sowing seeds after selecting seeds with clear water before sowing, preparing the seedling bed according to the ratio of the seedling bed to the field being 1: 8, and using 20kg/667m of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer2Making seedling bed base fertilizer; topdressing: when 2 leaves and 1 heart of the seedling are planted, 5kg/667m of 46.3 percent urea is applied2And 60% potassium chloride 5kg/667m2(ii) a 3 days before transplanting, 6kg/667m of 46.3% urea is applied2；
② transplanting when the seedling age reaches 23-27 days, planting hole size is 0.18m × 0.2.2 m, planting 1.8-2.0 ten thousand holes/667 m2The number of seedlings planted in each hole is 2-3;
③ field management including water soaking to promote tillering, transplanting for 18 days, draining, drying in the sun, maintaining shallow water layer from booting stage to heading stage, grouting to mature stage, maintaining field humidity, and cutting off water 7 days before harvest, and applying 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20kg/667m as base fertilizer260% potassium chloride 5kg/667m246.3 percent of urea 5kg/667m2(ii) a Applying additional tillering fertilizer for 1 time 7-8 days after transplanting, wherein the fertilizing amount is 7kg/667m of 46.3% urea25kg/667m of potassium chloride2(ii) a Applying ear-spike fertilizer for 1 time 12-15 days before ear emergence, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 5kg/667m of 46.3% urea260% potassium chloride 3kg/667m2。
2. The method for cultivating the green beans with the edge loofah paddy in the open field in the coastal region of south China in a rotating manner for three crops in one year according to claim 1, wherein the green bean variety suitable for the export demand in the step (2) is Thailand shelf bean king, disease-resistant Shuangqing No. 12 jade bean, Teqing jade bean, universal jade, Teclast Thailand shelf bean king or French green jade shelf bean.
3. The method for cultivating the Luffa acutangula rice covered with Luffa acutangula in open field in coastal areas of south China in three rounds in one year according to claim 1, wherein the Luffa acutangula variety with skin in step (2) is Xiansheng No. 4, Heyan No. 1, Guiguan No. 5 or Guisi No. 3.
4. The method for cultivating the Luffa angustifolia paddy rice in the open field in the coastal region of south China in a rotation manner for three crops in one year according to claim 1, wherein the early-maturing high-quality rice variety in the step (2) is Y Liangyou No. 1, Boyou 1652, Long Liangyou Huazhan, Chang Liangyou Xiang 2, Fengtian you 103, Chang Liangyou No. 9, Fengshouyou No. 1, Guangdao 922, II you No. 7, and Special indica No. 25 or Qishan Jianzhan.
5. The method for cultivating the green kidney bean and luffa acutangula rice in the open field in the coastal region of south China in a rotation manner for three crops in one year according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in the step (3) is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
6. The method for cultivating the open field kidney bean and luffa acutangula paddy rice in the coastal region of south China in a rotation manner for three crops in one year according to claim 1, wherein P is N in the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (3)2O5:K2O＝15:15:15。
7. The method for cultivating the green kidney bean and luffa acutangula paddy rice in the open field of the coastal region of south China in a rotation manner for three crops in one year according to claim 1, wherein P is N in the high-potassium compound fertilizer in the step (3)2O5:K2O＝18:7:20。
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| CN114782816A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 天津大学 | Remote sensing extraction method for crop multiple cropping index |
| CN114782816B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-03-24 | 天津大学 | Remote sensing extraction method for crop multiple cropping index |
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