CN102835204A - Method for improving degraded warm meadow steppes by using belt-shaped after culture manner - Google Patents
Method for improving degraded warm meadow steppes by using belt-shaped after culture manner Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835204A CN102835204A CN2012103550201A CN201210355020A CN102835204A CN 102835204 A CN102835204 A CN 102835204A CN 2012103550201 A CN2012103550201 A CN 2012103550201A CN 201210355020 A CN201210355020 A CN 201210355020A CN 102835204 A CN102835204 A CN 102835204A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel technology for improving moderately or severely degraded meadow steppes in a belt-shaped after culture manner. Particularly for the northern degraded meadow steppes, the invention discloses a reasonable and reasonable improvement technology; and after shallow plowing, good artificial grass is after cultured, so that the physicochemical conditions of the soil are scientifically improved, the grass yield and grass quality of the degraded steppes are improved and a positive role in protecting the abundant species resources of the meadow steppes, promoting the ecosystems of the steppes to realize virtuous circle and accelerating the sustainable development of animal husbandry is given a full play.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of improvement method of meadow steppe, be specially a kind of through adopting ribbon after-culture mode to improve the new method of China's northern pastoral area degeneration warm nature meadow steppe.
Background technology
The warm nature meadow steppe is a main grassland type of northern China, by the steppe vegetation that drought is given birth in perennial, wide width of cloth drought this plant of sward (tussock and rhizome type dogstail) is formed for sociales.The type is in the area of forest to the grassland transition; The tangible regional characteristic of tool; Mainly be distributed in upland plain, the low mountains and hills ground in mountain region, Daxing'an Mountainrange and Ling Xi thereof, east, mountain range; Being best meadows of northern pastoral area such as the Inner Mongol, also is to connect blreal forest and the important ecological tie in grassland.National area is about 600,000,000 mu, accounts for 11.3% of the grassland gross area.The meadow steppe area belongs to subhumid climate, and annual precipitation is more than 300 millimeters, and >=10 ℃ year accumulated temperature is between 1800～2000 ℃, and rainwater is moderate.Here herbage growth is dense, and general grass crowd highly reaches 60～80 centimetres, and cover degree reaches 60～85%; Output is high, and quality is good, 225～400 kilograms of per mu yield green grass, and high quality forage can account for 50～80%.Mainly be distributed in the bottom of northeast, Inner Mongol forest steppe zone, light chernozem, chernozem and the meadow soil area of northern wide smooth alluvial plain, hillside fields, lowland, river valley and the hilly ground in northeast.It is the main natural good mowing grassland of China.Meadow steppe floristics rich, every square metre can reach more than 20 kinds, and main dogstail has Stipa baicalensis (Stipa Baicalensis), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis), Calamagrostis epigejos (Calamagrostis epigeios) etc.; The miscellany grass has Filifolium sibiricum (Filifolium sibiricum), pin sedge (Carex pediformis), decomposite leaf wormwood artemisia (Artemisia laciniata) etc.Though its weather and soil condition are good not as savanna, still have more rainwater, and temperature are higher.So, not having under the condition of man-made irrigation, the multiple good forage of also growing is good natural range land and mowing pasture, is suitable for developing draught animal, is particularly suited for cattle-raising, is the important pasture animal husbandry production base of China.
But in recent years; Owing to reasons such as weather continuous drought and overgrazings; Meadow steppe nucleus grassland desertification is degenerated and is on the rise, and has jeopardized the ecological safety on pastoral area people's productive life and grassland, and the ecological safety to northeast and north China has also constituted certain threat simultaneously.The present invention has proposed scientific and reasonable improvement method targetedly to north degeneration meadow steppe, is intended to protect meadow steppe rich species resource, improves grassland grass yield and herbage quality as early as possible, increases stock-carrying capacity.Through the shallow soil physical chemistry situation of being apt to of turning, promote grassland ecosystem to get into benign cycle, for sustainable development of animal husbandry creates good conditions.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of suitable northern degeneration meadow steppe improvement and also can protect simply and the easily new method of natural vegetation and species diversity well.
A kind of method that adopts ribbon after-culture mode to improve degeneration warm nature meadow steppe; Through adopting the mode parallel with aspect in the warm nature meadow steppe district that degenerates; Every at a distance from 40 meters shallow banded after-culture bands that turn over 20 meters wide of distance; The ribbon that forms after-culture band and the original zone of vegetation (being the isolation strip) embedding mutually distributes, and then shallow turning over is brought into pedestrian worker's after-culture herbage and is improved, and the original zone of vegetation is sealed educated improvement.
Scheme further is: the after-culture kind that described artificial after-culture herbage is adopted is one or more in Elymus nutans (Elymus nutans), awnless brome (Bromus inermis), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis), the sickle alfalfa (Medicago falcata).
Scheme further is: described artificial after-culture herbage is to be not later than beginning preceding 60 days of first frost, and soil treatment adopts the shallow form of turning over, and ploughing depth is advisable for 10 to 20 centimetres; It is even to turn over the back rake; With turning over broadcasting, the amount of broadcasting adopts the bar broadcast mode by the normally amount of broadcasting calculating of sown pasture.
Among the present invention, the method on ribbon after-culture improvement grassland not only can improve meadow output, and can improve grass crowd quality.Edible herbage proportion is significantly increased; Particularly top grass (the artificial grass kind that refers to after-culture) proportion significantly increases; The natural meadow of isolation strip is educated owing to obtaining envelope, and the natural vegetation resume speed is accelerated, and of inferior quality plant and poisonous and harmful plant obviously reduce simultaneously; Grass crowd's herbage quality is greatly improved, and measures forage grass how of fine quality for livestock breeding production and grassland ecology have recovered to provide.The method of ribbon after-culture improvement degeneration meadow steppe can make the grassland vegetation cover degree obviously improve, and natural vegetation recovers gradually.Vegetation coverage after improvement improves about 30%; Make native pasture on the basis that keeps primary community; Increased the new varieties of artificial after-cultures such as lyme grass, sheep's hay again, the seminal propagation through natural vegetation simultaneously and nourishing and generating makes the after-culture zone also recover natural vegetation gradually.It is the grassland desertification of drawing that the method for ribbon after-culture improvement degeneration meadow steppe can be avoided the people.Because it is more shallow that the degree of depth is ploughed in after-culture; Be merely about 15 centimetres, and whenever plough the 20 meters wide isolation strip protections that just have 40 meters envelope to educate the grassland, even also be unlikely to produce sandstorm at day with wind of gale force; Avoided arid windy season in spring again in summer autumn sowing kind in addition; Broadcast the back and can emerge in 15-20 days, the exposed time of meadow is short, has avoided the people for causing grassland desertification effectively.The method of ribbon after-culture improvement degeneration meadow steppe have save time, laborsaving, the advantage of economizing fund.At first be that after-culture needn't all be ploughed ground, both practiced thrift manpower, practiced thrift the energy again, also can shorten the construction period simultaneously.Can use in 1 year in construction, the new planting sown pasture of proportion has shortened half the time.The method of ribbon after-culture improvement degeneration meadow steppe is applied widely.The sandy dark chestnut soil meadow steppe district and the gradient at the establishing in large scale sown pasture that do not suit can not carried out ribbon after-culture improvement greater than the degeneration meadow steppe location of 10 degree.The method of ribbon after-culture improvement degeneration meadow steppe can partly replace the after-culture improving technology that loosens the soil.Because the meadow steppe vegetation is closeer relatively; Underground biomass (being root system) is more, and the after-culture facility that loosen the soil are difficult for leveling grassland and broken Tu Fa, and the grass seeds of after-culture is not tight because of earth backing in addition; It is bad to preserve soil moisture; Emergence rate is low, and the herbage that emerges then is less competitive than the natural vegetation after loosening the soil again, and regrowth rate was also lower in 1 year.Facts have proved that the after-culture of loosening the soil is improvement grassland DeGrain in the meadow steppe district, peasants and herdsmen also are reluctant to accept, and banded after-culture has exactly overcome above-mentioned deficiency, explores a new way for transforming the meadow steppe of degenerating.
Embodiment
1, implements the condition of ribbon after-culture
Annual precipitation is more than 350 millimeters, and rain helps the northern area of herbage growth the hot same period.Severe was degenerated during the meadow was, and the natural vegetation cover degree is below 40%, and grass crowd height is in the meadow steppe district below 30 centimetres.
2, specification requirement
(1) kind is selected
The after-culture kind that after-culture improvement location is selected for use is Elymus nutans (Elymus nutans), awnless brome (Bromus inermis), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis), the sickle alfalfa good cultivated forage grass kinds such as (Medicago falcata) of suitable northern area growth.
(2) after-culture mode
Adopt and the aspect parallel mode; Whenever at a distance from 40 meters shallow 20 meters banded after-culture plot, the embedding distribution mutually of formation after-culture plot and original vegetation ribbon, 20 meters of promptly banded after-culture width of turning over of distance; 40 meters of interval keep original vegetation, after-culture plot and the original vegetation formation ribbon that distributes alternately.
(3) after-culture specification requirement
The present invention recommends to implement summer sowing according to the climatic characteristic of north China rain hot same period, but spring soil moisture content good, the year's harvest with heavy rainfall also can be implemented to sow in spring.The summer sowing time generally is not later than preceding 60 days of first frost.The shallow form of turning over of soil treatment employing, ploughing depth is advisable with 15 centimetres, and turn over the back rake and spare, sowing immediately, the amount of broadcasting adopts the bar broadcast mode by the normally amount of broadcasting calculating of sown pasture, and line-spacing is confirmed according to herbage variety.
Claims (3)
1. method that adopts ribbon after-culture mode to improve degeneration warm nature meadow steppe; It is characterized in that: through adopting the mode parallel with aspect in the warm nature meadow steppe district that degenerates; Every at a distance from 40 meters shallow banded after-culture bands that turn over 20 meters wide of distance; The ribbon that forms after-culture band and original zone of vegetation embedding mutually distributes, and then shallow turning over is brought into pedestrian worker's after-culture herbage and is improved, and the original zone of vegetation is sealed educated improvement.
2. improve the method for degeneration warm nature meadow steppe according to claim 1 said employing ribbon after-culture mode, it is characterized in that: the after-culture kind that described artificial after-culture herbage is adopted is one or more in Elymus nutans (Elymus nutans), awnless brome (Bromus inermis), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis), the sickle alfalfa (Medicago falcata).
3. improve the method for degeneration warm nature meadow steppe according to claim 1 said employing ribbon after-culture mode; It is characterized in that: described artificial after-culture herbage is to be not later than beginning preceding 60 days of first frost, and soil treatment adopts the shallow form of turning over, and ploughing depth is advisable for 10 to 20 centimetres; It is even to turn over the back rake; With turning over broadcasting, the amount of broadcasting adopts the bar broadcast mode by the normally amount of broadcasting calculating of sown pasture.
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| CN2012103550201A CN102835204A (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | Method for improving degraded warm meadow steppes by using belt-shaped after culture manner |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104718838A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-06-24 | 四川农业大学 | Alpine desertificated land restoring method with barley |
| RU2577889C2 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2016-03-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" | Method of analysis of species composition of meadow grasses |
| CN105557255A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 四川农业大学 | Treatment method for rodent and deserted grassland of extremely-cold areas |
| CN106471925A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-03-08 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired |
| CN110122200A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A method of Degradation Meadow grassland is improved using ribbon after-culture mode |
| CN110178654A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-30 | 河南大学 | Sandy Grassland directional transformation and Productivity restoration matching method |
Citations (2)
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| CN1784943A (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2006-06-14 | 刘延春 | Method for construction of ecological grass and administering grassland not to be desert in future |
| CN102217468A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Lawn protecting method adaptive to climatic change in high frigid grassland regions |
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2012
- 2012-09-21 CN CN2012103550201A patent/CN102835204A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1784943A (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2006-06-14 | 刘延春 | Method for construction of ecological grass and administering grassland not to be desert in future |
| CN102217468A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Lawn protecting method adaptive to climatic change in high frigid grassland regions |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 陈广夫等: "鄂温克旗带状补播改良退化草甸草原技术试验研究", 《内蒙古草业》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2577889C2 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2016-03-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" | Method of analysis of species composition of meadow grasses |
| CN104718838A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-06-24 | 四川农业大学 | Alpine desertificated land restoring method with barley |
| CN105557255A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 四川农业大学 | Treatment method for rodent and deserted grassland of extremely-cold areas |
| CN106471925A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-03-08 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired |
| CN106471925B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-09-10 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation |
| CN110122200A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A method of Degradation Meadow grassland is improved using ribbon after-culture mode |
| CN110178654A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-30 | 河南大学 | Sandy Grassland directional transformation and Productivity restoration matching method |
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Application publication date: 20121226 |