CN102301877A - Application of Jerusalem artichokes on improving saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Application of Jerusalem artichokes on improving saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN102301877A CN102301877A CN201110189754A CN201110189754A CN102301877A CN 102301877 A CN102301877 A CN 102301877A CN 201110189754 A CN201110189754 A CN 201110189754A CN 201110189754 A CN201110189754 A CN 201110189754A CN 102301877 A CN102301877 A CN 102301877A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides an application of Jerusalem artichokes on improving a saline and alkaline land. The Jerusalem artichoke is the south Jerusalem artichoke No.1 and the steps for improving are as follows: planting the Jerusalem artichokes on the saline and alkaline soil with the salt content of 0.5-0.8 wt%; sowing seeds in the first year: flattening the land; applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; after the Jerusalem artichokes grow ripe, wholly returning roots, stems and leaves of the Jerusalem artichokes back to the field; farming the saline and alkaline land in the second year: after the Jerusalem artichoke germinates and grows until the length is 15-25 cm, thinning; controlling an acre number to 4800-5200 plants and applying 30-35 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer into each acre, wherein the others are the same as the farming of the first time; farming the land in the third year: repeating the farming method of the second year to finish the improvement of the soil. The south Jerusalem artichoke No.1 provided by the invention has the advantages of strong adaptability and wide distribution area, and can be applied in the saline and alkaline land soil of northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Gansu, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and the like to improve the local saline and alkaline lands.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improving improvement, planting technology in the agriculture and forestry, be specifically related to a kind of topsoil soils control salt method of on the saline land of salt content 5 ‰-8 ‰, planting jerusalem artichoke.
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Background technology
The saline land is a kind of soil types that extensively distributes on the earth, is a kind of important land resources, is meant that the contained salinity in soil the inside has influence on the normal growth of crop.According to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, saline land, whole world area is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, accounts for 10% of arable area, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 25% of national arable area.Soil salinization of soil problem and mankind's activity are closely related, have not only caused the destruction of resource, the massive losses of agricultural production, and biosphere and ecotope constituted a threat to, show the harm of economy and environment two aspects.In addition, salination process normal with Desertification Process association mutually, even mutually promote conversion each other.The salinization and alkalization of China is generally higher, serious salt affected soil, and crops almost can not survive.For China such one plough few, populous country, fast exploitation with effectively utilize salinization soil, can combine economic benefit, environmental protection and sustainable development well, have important practical significance.
At present, domestic and international processing method to the saline land mainly contains following several: salt discharge method, pressure salt method, stifled salt method.The salt discharge method is to lean on a large amount of water, the saline land is washed for a long time, and the salt content on top layer, saline land is reduced; Pressing the salt method is to utilize natural precipitation or artificial big flood to irrigate, the salt that impels part along the soil pore space, the crack permeates downwards, takes the salinity of topsoil to bottom with water; Though said method can make the salt content on top layer, saline land reduce, and can not keep permanent, and needs a large amount of water sources.Stifled salt method is by transplanting soil moved in to improve the original soil removal and replacement to be carried out on the top layer, saline land, and not only quantities is big, and the resource of good soil also need be arranged, but As time goes on still keeps away unavoidable salinization of soil.How to keep the alkaline land soil quality and do not degenerate, control salt-tolerant plant root district does not gather too much soil salt, control topsoil salt content has become the realistic problem that restricts zone, saline land solonchak agricultural sustainable development.
Jerusalem artichoke is the cultivated species that can form underground stem tuber in composite family (Compositae) Helianthus; Claim foreign ginger, Jerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke etc. again; Formal name used at school Helianthus tuberosus L; In the torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone and the arid in the whole world, distribution and the cultivation that all there is jerusalem artichoke the semiarid zone; Jerusalem artichoke adaptability is strong; Like warm, but cold-resistant; Like moistening, but drought-enduring; Like fertile, but impoverishment tolerant, salt tolerant alkali.Jerusalem artichoke biomass fresh weight generally reaches 4 ~ 8 tons/mu, and wherein acrial part output is 2 ~ 3 tons/mu, and underground stem tuber partly is 2 ~ 5 tons/mu.Jerusalem artichoke also is used to the anticorrosive protective plant hedge with unstable sand ground of terraced fields; Be used to protect the massif water and soil loss, fix the sand windproof; It is the biological property of strong, the wide adaptability of purposes and salt tolerant alkali, fertility widely; Make it become the pionner of alkaline land improving; Have vast potential for future development aspect the saline and alkaline uncultivated area resource of China utilizing, can obtain bigger economy, society and ecological benefits.
State Intellectual Property Office's on July 29th, 2009 and on November 18th, 2009, a kind of improvement and improvement method of improvement method and saline and alkaline soil of saline-alkali grassland are disclosed respectively.A kind of improvement method of saline-alkali grassland provides the improvement method at moderate salinization of soil saline-alkali grassland; It relates to the improvement at China's song-Nen plain saline-alkaline grassland; The jerusalem artichoke characteristic of improvement usefulness does not show; The cycle of its improvement is 4 years; And the method that relates to is not suitable for promoting in zone, the vast saline land of China, does not especially relate to improved effect situation on the saline land of the vast saline and alkaline regional salt content 5 ‰-8 ‰ of China.The improvement in saline and alkaline soil and improvement method mainly provide comprehensive; In the soil of dark pine, execute soil subsoiling agent and saline-alkali soil modifying agent; Fill a prescription targetedly according to the soil constituent that detects and to execute microbial organic fertilizer; Adopt nutrient balance method and nitrogen; Phosphorus and potassium rule of three: the fertilizer requirement with target output subtracts the fertilizer provision from soil amount; Its differential section is replenished through fertilising; Lift the ridge through height again; Green manuring after the draining control salt-salt tolerant alkali high yield forage crop jerusalem artichoke and improving the soil; The jerusalem artichoke characteristic of its improvement usefulness does not show; It improves the cycle without proper notice; And it is undeclared to use Financial cost such as modifying agent; It is not clear and definite to promote the difficulty or ease situation yet; Suitable application region is also undeclared; Can not clearly whether be adapted at zone, Chinese vast saline land and promote, especially not relate to improved effect situation on the saline land of the vast saline and alkaline regional salt content 5 ‰-8 ‰ of China.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing jerusalem artichoke improvement alkaline land soil; Be adapted at planting on the saline land of salt content 5 ‰-8 ‰ jerusalem artichoke (southern jerusalem artichoke No. 1) control topsoil soils salt content; Increase soil organic carbon, carbon density and soil microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon content, fundamentally improve salt content in 5 ‰-8 ‰ saline land.
Technical scheme:The application of jerusalem artichoke in the improvement saline land; Said jerusalem artichoke is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 1; Improvement steps is: on salt content 5 ‰ wt-8 ‰ wt salt affected soil, plant jerusalem artichoke; Level land during sowing in 1 year; Execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Mu is executed the 35-45 kilogram, thickness of sowing 25cm * 50cm, the heavy 30-45g of jerusalem artichoke kind piece; The ridging plantation; The high 10-15cm in ridge is when jerusalem artichoke length arrives maturation, with the jerusalem artichoke root; The whole also field of stem and leaf; The farming in 1 year saline land: carry out thinning when growing to 15cm-25cm after jerusalem artichoke emerges; The 4800-5200 strain is counted in the strain of control mu, and mu is executed potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30-35 kilogram, and all the other are 1 year cultivate together; The farming on the 3rd year ground: repeat the expedient of tillage in 1 year, accomplish soil melioration.
The application of jerusalem artichoke in the improvement saline land; On salt content 5 ‰ wt-8 ‰ wt salt affected soil, plant jerusalem artichoke; Level land during sowing in 1 year; Execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Mu is executed 40 kilograms; Thickness of sowing 25cm * 50cm; The heavy 40g of jerusalem artichoke kind piece, ridging plantation, the high 15cm in ridge; When jerusalem artichoke length arrives maturation; With the whole also field of jerusalem artichoke root, stem and leaf, the farming in 1 year saline land: carry out thinning when growing to 20cm after jerusalem artichoke emerges, several 5000 strains of control mu strain; Mu is executed 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, and all the other are 1 year cultivate together; The farming on the 3rd year ground: repeat the expedient of tillage in 1 year, accomplish soil melioration.
Beneficial effect:The method of a kind of alkaline land improving provided by the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and good effect:
1) southern jerusalem artichoke No. 1 at salt content on 5 ‰-8 ‰ saline land; Emergence rate 100%; Its biomass fresh weight reaches 2-3 ton/mu; Wherein acrial part output is 1 ~ 2 ton/mu; Underground stem tuber partly is 1 ~ 2 ton/mu; Increase vegetation coverage, suppress soil water evaporation, the salinity in the following soil of control plow layer moves to the face of land;
2) No. 1 well developed root system of southern jerusalem artichoke, effective to the soil capillary partition, cut off the following salt submeter of plow layer and gather;
3) circulation was planted jerusalem artichoke after 3 years in alkaline land soil; The saline land salt content can be controlled at below 1 ‰; Significantly increase soil organic carbon, carbon density and soil microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon content, fundamentally administer salt content in 5 ‰-8 ‰ saline land.
4) No. 1 adaptability of southern jerusalem artichoke is strong, and the distribution region is wide, all can use the saline land that improvement is local at provinces and regions alkaline land soils such as China northeast, Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shandong, Gansu, Shaanxi, Jiangsu.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only are used for that the present invention will be described, do not constitute the restriction to the claim scope, other alternative means that it may occur to persons skilled in the art that are all in claim scope of the present invention.
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15 type): the source fertile industry of Shandong Xu Yang Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1:The geographical position, test region is between 32 ° of 59 ' 30 " ~ 33 ° 0 ' 31 " N, 120 ° of 49 ' 40 " ~ 120 ° 51 ' 4 " E; East is apart from about 4 km of the Huanghai Sea; Border on Da Feng elk Nature Reserve in the west; This district is located in the north subtropical monsoon climatic region, has tangible transitionality, maritime and monsoon property.Be chosen on the solonchak of salt content 5.7 ‰ wt ~ 7.2 ‰ wt and carry out.The test kind is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 1.During sowing, level land, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Mu is executed 40 kilograms, thickness of sowing 25cm * 50cm, the heavy 40g of jerusalem artichoke kind piece; The ridging plantation; The high 15cm in ridge is when jerusalem artichoke length arrives maturation, with the whole also field of jerusalem artichoke root, stem and leaf; Cover and the content of organic matter to increase soil vegetative cover; Cut off soil capillary, prevent the saline land winter and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring, control the plough horizon salt content.Circulation plantation jerusalem artichoke in alkaline land soil.The farming in 1 year saline land: carry out thinning when growing to 15cm after jerusalem artichoke emerges, several 5000 strains of control mu strain, mu is executed 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, and all the other are 1 year cultivate together.The farming on the 3rd year ground: repeat the expedient of tillage in 1 year.Finish through 3 years full wafer alkaline land improvings.The plough horizon salinity drops to below 1 ‰, has significantly increased topsoil organic carbon content, carbon density, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon content, and it is following to implement data:
Embodiment 2:The geographical position, test region is positioned at 149 saline lands of Xinjiang Production and Construction Army Corps; About mean sea level 300 ~ 500 m; Belong to typical temperate continental climate; Grow and severe cold winter, and summer is short and hot, 7.5 ~ 8.2 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year; Sunshines 2318 ~ 2732 h; 147 ~ 191 days frost-free seasons, annual rainfall 180 ~ 270 mm, year evaporation discharge 1000 ~ 1500 mm.Be chosen on the solonchak of salt content 6.1 ‰ wt ~ 7.8 ‰ wt and carry out.The test kind is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 1.During sowing, level land, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Mu is executed 40 kilograms, thickness of sowing 25cm * 50cm, the heavy 40g of jerusalem artichoke kind piece; The ridging plantation; The high 15cm in ridge is when jerusalem artichoke length arrives maturation, with the whole also field of jerusalem artichoke root, stem and leaf; Cover and the content of organic matter to increase soil vegetative cover; Cut off soil capillary, prevent the saline land winter and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring, control the plough horizon salt content.Circulation plantation jerusalem artichoke in alkaline land soil.The farming in 1 year saline land: carry out thinning when growing to 15cm after jerusalem artichoke emerges, several 5000 strains of control mu strain, mu is executed 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, and all the other are 1 year cultivate together.The farming on the 3rd year ground: repeat the expedient of tillage in 1 year.Finish through 3 years full wafer alkaline land improvings.The plough horizon salinity drops to below 1 ‰, has significantly increased topsoil organic carbon content, carbon density, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon content, and it is following to implement data:
Claims (2)
1. the application of jerusalem artichoke in the improvement saline land; Said jerusalem artichoke is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 1; It is characterized in that improvement steps is: on salt content 5 ‰ wt-8 ‰ wt salt affected soil, plant jerusalem artichoke; Level land during sowing in 1 year; Execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Mu is executed the 35-45 kilogram, thickness of sowing 25cm * 50cm, the heavy 30-45g of jerusalem artichoke kind piece; The ridging plantation; The high 10-15cm in ridge is when jerusalem artichoke length arrives maturation, with the jerusalem artichoke root; The whole also field of stem and leaf; The farming in 1 year saline land: carry out thinning when growing to 15cm-25cm after jerusalem artichoke emerges; The 4800-5200 strain is counted in the strain of control mu, and mu is executed potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30-35 kilogram, and all the other are 1 year cultivate together; The farming on the 3rd year ground: repeat the expedient of tillage in 1 year, accomplish soil melioration.
2. the application of jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1 in the improvement saline land; It is characterized in that on salt content 5 ‰ wt-8 ‰ wt salt affected soil, planting jerusalem artichoke; Level land during sowing in 1 year; Execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; Mu is executed 40 kilograms; Thickness of sowing 25cm * 50cm; The heavy 40g of jerusalem artichoke kind piece, ridging plantation, the high 15cm in ridge; When jerusalem artichoke length arrives maturation; With the jerusalem artichoke root; The whole also field of stem and leaf, the farming in 1 year saline land: carry out thinning when growing to 20cm after jerusalem artichoke emerges, several 5000 strains of control mu strain; Mu is executed 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, and all the other are 1 year cultivate together; The farming on the 3rd year ground: repeat the expedient of tillage in 1 year, accomplish soil melioration.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102653769A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-05 | 南京农业大学 | Helianthus tuberosus fructan-exohydrolases (Ht-FEH) gene and application thereof |
| RU2524186C2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-07-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Чувашская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Method of growing artichoke |
| CN104488521A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 南京农业大学 | Method for cultivating Helianthus tuberosus by means of interplanting Helianthus tuberosus and oilseed rapes on saline-alkali lands |
| CN105103836A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Interplanting method of endive and green Chinese onion in saline-alkali soil |
| CN105248067A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-20 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for constructing coastal muddy saline-alkali soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation |
| CN110089377A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method |
Citations (1)
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| CN101578935A (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-18 | 王彤 | Saline-sodic land reclamation and control method |
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2011
- 2011-07-07 CN CN201110189754A patent/CN102301877A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101578935A (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-18 | 王彤 | Saline-sodic land reclamation and control method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 《自然资源学报》 20080131 刘兆普等 海岸带滨海盐土资源发展能源植物资源的研究 第10页 1-7 第23卷, 第1期 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102653769A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-05 | 南京农业大学 | Helianthus tuberosus fructan-exohydrolases (Ht-FEH) gene and application thereof |
| CN102653769B (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2014-09-10 | 南京农业大学 | Helianthus tuberosus fructan-exohydrolases (Ht-FEH) gene and application thereof |
| RU2524186C2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-07-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Чувашская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Method of growing artichoke |
| CN104488521A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 南京农业大学 | Method for cultivating Helianthus tuberosus by means of interplanting Helianthus tuberosus and oilseed rapes on saline-alkali lands |
| CN105103836A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Interplanting method of endive and green Chinese onion in saline-alkali soil |
| CN105248067A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-20 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for constructing coastal muddy saline-alkali soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation |
| CN105248067B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-08-29 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | A kind of construction method of strand shale salt-soda soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation |
| CN110089377A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20120104 |