CN110089377A - A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110089377A CN110089377A CN201910506828.7A CN201910506828A CN110089377A CN 110089377 A CN110089377 A CN 110089377A CN 201910506828 A CN201910506828 A CN 201910506828A CN 110089377 A CN110089377 A CN 110089377A
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- jerusalem artichoke
- fine variety
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
It is introduced a fine variety the invention discloses a kind of jerusalem artichoke and salt resistance alkali breeding method, this method introduces a fine variety method using traceability, by different wild type jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resources, it introduces a fine variety to China's same latitude coastal region and carries out ecological adaptivity domestication and saline-alkali tolerant adaptive training, screen the jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource for obtaining that economical character is good, Saline alkali tolerance is strong, economic flow rate is high；On this basis, a point concentration gradient Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water stress is carried out to it, further increases its annidation and anti-saline-alkali property.This method efficient, practical, easy to spread application easy to operate, it can solve wild type jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource and introduce a fine variety the disadvantages of difficult, salt resistance alkali annidation is poor, yield and quality character is poor, be a kind of method that its ecology of alkali saline land adaptability was introduced a fine variety and improved to effective jerusalem artichoke.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural ecotechnique, introduced a fine variety more particularly to a kind of jerusalem artichoke and salt resistance alkali breeding method.
Background technique
The present invention bases oneself upon solonchak ecology high level agricultural, revitalizes around the Transformation Development of sustainable agriculture, promotion rural area great
Demand is carried out the introducing a fine variety of medicinal and edible plant, adaptability domestication, Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water stress etc. in coastal saline-alkali area and is ground
Study carefully, solves traditional agriculture transition and upgrade, cultivates green featured agriculture industry, the crucial skill that developing ecology high level agriculture field faces
Art problem provides new way and new method against variety of crops to cultivate highly resistance.
Currently, China possesses about 30,000,000 mu of beach saline land, half of them area is urgently developed and used, and soil contains
Salt amount is mostly between 0.4%-1.0%, the content of organic matter < 0.5%, biological coverage < 20% or so.For a long time, due to
People lack scientific knowledge to coastal saline-alkali land resource, and there are unordered exploitation, hyperenvironment capacity to use for coastal saline-alkali soil, agricultural
The problems such as producing unreasonable structure, Saline soil agriculture benefit is always low-level.By taking marine solonchak aquaculture as an example, last century
1000 yuan of the mu water surface area net income of the mid-90 drops to 400 yuan, according to incompletely statistics, 40% to initial stage in 2000
The loss of capital of left and right breeding enterprise.Marine solonchak planting industry equally allows of no optimist, main cause: one, introducing a fine variety the salt-tolerant plant of simultaneously breeding
Annidation is poor, low in economic efficiency and be difficult to promote；Two, salt-tolerant plant does not form Technical system, planting system
Single, scale effect is unobvious.Three, traditional solonchak Agricultural technology system is incomplete, and market tractive force is little, seriously restricts
Saline soil agriculture sustainable development.The present invention introduces a fine variety from the medicinal and edible plant of high economic value and starts with, and substep carries out ecological adaptive
It should tame and the new methods such as Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water stress, adaptation energy of the continuous improvement medicinal and edible plant to salt marsh environment
Power realizes that medicinal and edible plant is efficiently introduced a fine variety and annidation Synchronous lifting.
Jerusalem artichoke is commonly called as Jerusalem artichoke, is the herbaceos perennial of asteraceae helianthus, drought resisting, cold-resistant, impoverishment tolerant, salt tolerant
Alkali is suitable for having in northern China Desertification Soil and salt-soda soil popularizing planting and conserving water and soil, check winds and fix drifting sand and improve soil
Characteristic.Jerusalem artichoke is a kind of special economic crop for integrating edible value, medical value, ornamental value and the ecological value.Chrysanthemum
Taro stem tuber is rich in inulin (a kind of fructose polymer), and because its structure is clear, physiological hygiene function is definite and becomes a kind of important
Functional food ingredient.Inulin is widely used to dairy products, sour milk beverage, solid beverage, candy, biscuit, jelly and cold
In numerous foods, the especially health foods and old people food such as drink, there are about more than 200 a kinds.And can be used as filler, texture changes
Good dose, flavor masking agent and fat substitute are applied in food.It is confirmed through domestic and international more prominent universities and medical college's research,
Inulin and oligofructose have the function of superpower proliferation human body Bifidobacterium, are the functional materials beneficial to human body, it for
Adjust organism balance, restore gastrointestinal function, boost metabolism, preventing various diseases, maintenance human health have it is extremely heavy
The effect wanted is the most representational typical products of 21 century human health.Jerusalem artichoke can also form environmental complete stool series and produce
Product industrialization development, jerusalem artichoke leaves can be processed into the very high feed of nutritive value.Meanwhile jerusalem artichoke is also bioenergy, chemicals
Raw material.
Jerusalem artichoke originates in North America, and through the incoming China in Europe, there is cultivation in the existing most of areas of China.Jerusalem artichoke is originally used for wild
Plant, wild species are various all over the world, and the experiment station Wa Weinuofu, Jin Eluo phase Academy of Agricultural Sciences from having collected nearly 500 all over the world
A wild local varieties of jerusalem artichoke.In addition to wild local varieties, agri-scientific research institute, China passes through conventional method breeding in recent years
Tens excellent variety.The kind of jerusalem artichoke depending on tuber shape, color and distinguished pyriform, spindle or irregular tumor shape, have
Red, white, purple, yellow etc..For species of jeruselem artichoke based on wild type, inter-species biological character difference is obvious, such as single stem tuber
Weight and sugar content are different, and the region annidation very different of different cultivars.Therefore, during jerusalem artichoke is introduced a fine variety,
Consider the annidation of different geographical, and according to different breeding objectives, the breeding technique method of selection differences.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: being directed to the above-mentioned prior art, and this application provides a kind of simple and effectives, practical, easy to spread
The jerusalem artichoke of application introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method.
Technical solution: a kind of jerusalem artichoke of the present invention introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, comprising the following steps:
A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) jerusalem artichoke is introduced a fine variety and adaptivity is screened: being passed to the path in China from North America according to jerusalem artichoke, collects wild type chrysanthemum
Taro germ plasm resource is introduced a fine variety to the coastal area of China's same latitude range, is carried out ecological adaptivity cultivation, is filtered out adaptivity
By force, the jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource that economical character is good, economic flow rate is high；
(2) the ecology of alkali saline land adaptive training of jerusalem artichoke: jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource will be filtered out via step (1), planted respectively
Kind is 0.1-0.3% (less salt soil), in the salinization soil of 0.3-0.5% (middle solonchak), > 0.5% (high solonchak) in salt content,
By salt resistance alkali plant ecological Adaptability Evaluation Method, the strong jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource of salinity and alkalinity resistance is filtered out；
(3) the ecology of alkali saline land adaptability domestication of jerusalem artichoke: the jerusalem artichoke germplasm that step (2) is filtered out, according to different salt tolerants
Threshold value carries out point concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water stress and cultivates, it is described divide concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation salinity water be no more than
One times of the jerusalem artichoke germplasm salt resistance ability filtered out,.
Sowing involved in the above method, fertilising, weeding, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc. are using conventional farming operation.
It in step (1), the jerusalem artichoke germplasm collection and introduces a fine variety using source tracing method, i.e. North America-Northern Europe-northern China
Area, introduction range are north latitude 34-60 degree.Introducing a fine variety can determine according to the cradle of jerusalem artichoke in the world and the path in incoming China
Germplasm collection and introduction range, i.e. jerusalem artichoke germplasm collection and introduction method are defined as introducing a fine variety destination and its cradle and be passed to
The latitude in China path is almost the same, and for jerusalem artichoke, germplasm collection and introduction range are north latitude 34-60 degree, including Heilungkiang, Ji
The provinces such as woods, Liaoning, Qinghai, the Inner Mongol, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and the Jiangsu central and north, the Anhui central and north.It is preferred that
, the application uses whole world jerusalem artichoke traceability introduction method, for its biological characteristics, the range introduced a fine variety be China Huaihe River with
Backlands area.
In step (1), the ecology adaptivity cultivation refers to be carried out on the soil without salinity or < 0.1% salinity
Cultivation, filters out advantage jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource, the i.e. good jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource of biology and economic characters, evaluation criterion is jerusalem artichoke
The parameters such as growth parameter(s), Tuber yields, stem tuber sugar content.The application screens the jerusalem artichoke Wild ornamental resources obtained, saline-alkali tolerant
It is horizontal to reach appropriate saline-alkali tolerant between wheat and barley for adaptability.
In step (2), the salt resistance alkali plant ecological Adaptability Evaluation Method, by the jerusalem artichoke that screening obtains in step (1)
Germ plasm resource, planting in salt content is 0.1-0.3%, 0.3-0.5%, in > 0.5% salinization soil, filters out salt resistance alkali
The strong jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource of ability.
In step (3), described divides concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water, by Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivating pool water and fresh water
(or tap water) mixed preparing forms according to a certain volume.Wherein, salinity water < saline-alkali tolerant adaptive training soil saliferous is mixed
2 times of amount.The application screens the jerusalem artichoke Wild ornamental resources obtained, and salt tolerant alkalineresponse reaches between wheat and barley
It is horizontal to appropriate saline-alkali tolerant.
In step (3), in jerusalem artichoke breeding time, it is 3~5 times that a point concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water pours frequency every year, is filled
It irrigates and is rated for each 900m3/ ha pours Xian≤3 year Nian.
The utility model has the advantages that be compared to the prior art, the present invention: (1) simple and effective: this method is easy to operate, it is practical,
Application easy to spread, scientific and technical personnel and friend peasant can grasp process flow and technology and to enable；(2) low in cost: this method
Most basic farming operation is taken, without putting into high-cost test material and facilities and equipment；(3) green, environmental protection, without secondary dirt
Dye: it is China's Coastal Areas salt-soda soil that this method, which implements region, substantially belongs to undeveloped reset condition, and ecological environment is good,
Entire process flow is not related to soil, pollution of waterhead etc., and coastal waters can be effectively relieved by pouring jerusalem artichoke using Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water
The pollution of the nutritive salt such as sea area nitrogen phosphorus；(4) it produces effects: can get adaptable, the biological and high economic flow rate chrysanthemum of ecology of alkali saline land
Taro new germ plasm.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is jerusalem artichoke (modified Maas and Hoffman, 1977) compared with cereal crops salt tolerance.
Specific embodiment
The application is explained in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
1. test site basic condition
Test site is located at the Laizhou, Shandong city town Xi You-Agricultural University Of Nanjing ocean " 863 " Pilot Base, away from coastline
About 3km.This area belongs to warm temperate zone East Asian monsoon continental climate, average annual rainfall 550mm, minimum time 334.5mm, and drops
Rain, which focuses mostly on, June to September；Annual mean ground temperature 2116.2mm.
2. test material and method
Test plant is jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), collects 3 open countries from provinces such as Qinghai, Shaanxi, Henan
Non-hibernating eggs, each wild species time of infertility are about 180~210 days.Belong to strand desalination sandy loam for examination soil, basic physical and chemical is shown in Table
1.Salt-Tolerance Identification is shown in Table 2 before jerusalem artichoke Introduced Varieties are tested.
Table 1 is for trying physiochemical properties of soil
Salt-Tolerance Identification before 2 jerusalem artichoke Introduced Varieties of table are tested
3 × 2m of plot area, test set 3 processing, i.e. CK (blank control) and Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water and tap water
Volume ratio is respectively point concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water process of 1:3,1:4.Before test, topsoil (20cm) is shallowly turned over, often
A cell applies pig manure 13.5kg.Each cell sows the jerusalem artichoke stem tuber of 1,30 each bands healthy and strong bud eye, line space be 40cm ×
25cm.After planting pour a small amount of water.Expand the later period in the initial expanding stage of jerusalem artichoke stem tuber and stem tuber, with divide concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivate
Water is irrigated 3 times.Irrigation norm is 900m3ha-1.In plot experiment area, small-sized meteorological observation ground is had, key instrument has SDM6
Type rain gauge, E601B type evaporation from water surface device, temperature and earth thermometer etc..Soil volumetric water content is measured with Neutron Moisture Meter, soil
Salinity is measured with TDS salinometer, and biological yield is measured with AWH-30kg type electronic scale.The results are shown in Table 3:
Table 3 divides concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water to irrigate the influence to jerusalem artichoke biological yield
3. partial results
Maas and Hoffman (1977), Maas (1986) document in define, the salt tolerant critical value of jerusalem artichoke is 0.4dS
m-1, every conductivity for increasing by 1 unit, fractional yield decline 9.42%.Experiments have shown that, it is wild to introduce a fine variety Shaanxi jerusalem artichoke in Laizhou, Shandong
Non-hibernating eggs economic yield with higher, and salt resistance alkali annidation with higher are divided concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers to cultivate
After water is irrigated, salt tolerant critical value is 5.97dS m-1, every conductivity for increasing by 1 unit, jerusalem artichoke fractional yield decline
5.21%, it is detailed in attached drawing 1 and is illustrated compared with cereal crops salt tolerance, it is horizontal to reach appropriate salt tolerant；It is mentioned compared with salt tolerance before testing
It is 1.21 times high, jerusalem artichoke output increased 38.7%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) jerusalem artichoke is introduced a fine variety and adaptivity is screened: being passed to the path in China from North America according to jerusalem artichoke, collects wild type jerusalem artichoke kind
Matter resource is introduced a fine variety to the coastal area of China's same latitude range, and ecological adaptivity cultivation is carried out, filter out adaptivity it is strong,
The jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource that economical character is good, economic flow rate is high；
(2) the ecology of alkali saline land adaptive training of jerusalem artichoke: the jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource that will be filtered out via step (1) is planted respectively
It is 0.1-0.3%, 0.3-0.5%, in > 0.5% salinization soil in salt content, is commented by salt resistance alkali plant ecological adaptability
Valence method filters out the strong jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource of salinity and alkalinity resistance；
(3) the ecology of alkali saline land adaptability domestication of jerusalem artichoke: the jerusalem artichoke germplasm that step (2) is filtered out, according to different salt-tolerant thresholds
A point concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water stress is carried out to cultivate, it is described that concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation salinity water is divided to be no more than screening
One times of jerusalem artichoke germplasm salt resistance ability out.
2. jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1 introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which is characterized in that in step (1), the chrysanthemum
It taro germplasm collection and introduces a fine variety using source tracing method, i.e. North America-Northern Europe-the northern area of China, introduction range is north latitude 34-60 degree.
3. jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1 introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which is characterized in that in step (1), the life
The cultivation of state adaptivity refers to is cultivated on the soil without salinity or < 0.1% salinity, filters out the strong chrysanthemum of adaptivity
The good jerusalem artichoke germ plasm resource of taro germ plasm resource, i.e. biology and economic characters, evaluation criterion are jerusalem artichoke growth parameter(s), stem tuber production
The parameters such as amount, stem tuber sugar content.
4. jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1 introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which is characterized in that in step (3), described point
Concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water is formed by Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivating pool water and fresh water according to volume ratio 1:2-5 mixed preparing.
5. jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1 introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which is characterized in that in step (3), described point
Concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivates 2 times of salinity water < saline-alkali tolerant adaptive training soil salt content.
6. jerusalem artichoke according to claim 1 introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method, which is characterized in that in step (3), in jerusalem artichoke
Breeding time, it is 3~5 times that a point concentration Portunus trituberculatus Miers cultivation water pours frequency every year, and irrigation norm is each 900m3/ ha is poured
Xian≤3 year Nian.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117243047A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2023-12-19 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Cultivation method for improving salt tolerance of seedling bread fruits |
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| CN117243047A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2023-12-19 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Cultivation method for improving salt tolerance of seedling bread fruits |
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