CN115443757B - Quick repairing method for degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions - Google Patents
Quick repairing method for degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions Download PDFInfo
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- CN115443757B CN115443757B CN202211261193.7A CN202211261193A CN115443757B CN 115443757 B CN115443757 B CN 115443757B CN 202211261193 A CN202211261193 A CN 202211261193A CN 115443757 B CN115443757 B CN 115443757B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(O)=O LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000511730 Leymus chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N (2s,3r)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209200 Bromus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000743756 Bromus inermis Species 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010624 Medicago sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid restoration method for degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions, which mainly comprises the following steps: mainly comprises the following steps: after grass planting, uniformly spraying a liquid mulching film on the soil surface, wherein the liquid mulching film mainly comprises, by weight, 80-120 parts of humic acid, 80-150 parts of modified cellulose, 20-40 parts of montmorillonite, 5-10 parts of gum arabic, 10-20 parts of film forming auxiliary agent, 10-20 parts of cross-linking agent, 3-5 parts of surfactant, 3-5 parts of pesticide and 100-300 parts of water, wherein the modified cellulose is alginic acid-cellulose composite microcoagulation beads. The invention can quickly promote the degraded grassland power, restore the grassland productivity, prevent water and soil loss and improve the grassland carbon sink function under the condition of not damaging the original soil and the original vegetation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological environment restoration. More particularly, the invention relates to a rapid restoration method for degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions.
Background
Grasslands are an important agricultural production resource in China, and 60 hundred million mu of grasslands occupy 41% of the area of the land, so that the grasslands are important green ecological barriers and important animal husbandry production bases. However, due to unreasonable utilization, the degradation of the grassland soil is serious at present, which becomes a serious resource and environmental problem in China. The reason for the degradation of the grassland is mainly caused by that a large amount of substances and energy are continuously taken from the grassland by human beings, the grassland is not laid out for a long time, and the basic principle of ecological balance is violated. And the most direct and important reasons are: (1) Excessive grazing, (2) improper reclamation, medicinal material digging, firewood chopping, mowing, raking, and the like, damage grassland vegetation, and exacerbate wind erosion, water erosion, desertification, salinization, and soil impoverishment; (3) Improper management, and (4) unknown use and management rights of grassland.
The existing degraded grassland repairing technology is mostly based on mechanical disturbance such as deep ploughing, shallow ploughing, trench cutting and the like, for example, the patent of the invention with the application number of 202011189413.0 discloses a degraded grassland surface soil rapid repairing method, which is used for inactivating the existing microorganisms by sealing and sterilizing, and then soil preparation is carried out, pasture fiber and biomass activated carbon are added at the bottom of soil to construct a water retaining layer at the bottom of the soil, so that the purposes of rapid repairing and continuous maintenance of the grassland surface soil quality are realized. However, the method has large disturbance to the primary vegetation and the primary soil, which is unfavorable for the carbon storage of the soil.
The liquid ecological mulch film is a newly developed high molecular compound, is mixed with water to form a liquid material, can be sprayed at will to form a functional ecological film on the surface of soil, can promote the soil to form granules, improve the soil structure, can consolidate sand grains, collect water and water, preserve soil moisture, promote plant growth and the like, and can be used in deserts, farmlands, hillside lands, wind erosion areas and the like. The invention patent with application number 201510026651.2 discloses a biodegradable agricultural liquid mulching film and a preparation method thereof, which are characterized in that a proper amount of acrylic acid is prepared by oxidizing, hydrolyzing and graft copolymerizing starch, protein and other raw materials, but the preparation process is complex, the used acrylic acid belongs to inflammables, and is harmful to human health, and the obtained mulching film has poor tensile strength and poor moisture retention, is easy to damage on the soil surface, and is not suitable for being used on grasslands in arid and semiarid regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid restoration method for degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions, which does not turn over and open grooves, fully utilizes the advantages of water retention and soil moisture conservation of liquid mulching films, improves the liquid mulching films in the prior art, and restores the degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a method for rapidly repairing a degraded grassland plaque in a arid and semiarid region, comprising the steps of: after grass planting, uniformly spraying a liquid mulching film on the soil surface, wherein the liquid mulching film mainly comprises, by weight, 80-120 parts of humic acid, 80-150 parts of modified cellulose, 20-40 parts of montmorillonite, 5-10 parts of gum arabic, 10-20 parts of film forming auxiliary agent, 10-20 parts of cross-linking agent, 3-5 parts of surfactant, 3-5 parts of pesticide and 100-300 parts of water, wherein the modified cellulose is alginic acid-cellulose composite microcoagulation beads.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps: adding an emulsifying agent and an extracting agent into a sodium alginate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1.5-3% to prepare a suspension, and mixing the suspension and a carboxymethyl cellulose colloid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1-4% according to the volume ratio of 1: mixing the components (2-5), adding a cross-linking agent accounting for 0.2-1% of the sodium alginate solution by mass percent, stirring, standing and cross-linking for 0.5-1 h to obtain a mixed solution; and (3) dropwise adding the mixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 1-4% by using a syringe, stirring, performing ultrasonic dispersion to generate gel bead sedimentation, filtering and washing to obtain the alginic acid-cellulose composite micro-gel beads with the average particle size of 0.1-10 mu m.
Preferably, the specific preparation method of the suspension comprises the following steps: heating water to 50-80 ℃, uniformly adding sodium alginate into the water while stirring to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the concentration of 1.5-3%, adding an emulsifying agent into the sodium alginate solution, stirring, and uniformly adding an extracting agent to form a suspension, wherein the mass ratio of the emulsifying agent, the extracting agent and the sodium alginate solution is (0.1-0.5): (0.1 to 0.3): 100. preferably, in the first step, the emulsifier is tween 60.
Preferably, the extractant in the first step is 2-ethylhexyl phosphate.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent in the third step is butane tetracarboxylic acid.
Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
step a, selecting seeds, namely determining and screening herbaceous plant seeds which are suitable for local environments and have good drought resistance and cold resistance on the basis of carrying out field investigation on local meadow original plants and climatic hydrologic conditions;
step b, sowing and earthing, wherein 3-4 plant seeds are selected after early spring rain and mixed, earthing is carried out after sowing, the soil layer is 2cm thick, and the composition of the earthing is as follows: 70-100 parts of foreign soil, 30-35 parts of turf, 2-3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 4-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 4-5 parts of wormcast and 4-5 parts of fungus dreg;
c, spraying the liquid mulching film, sowing and earthing, and uniformly spraying the liquid mulching film on the soil surface by using a sprayer, wherein the application amount is 300-500 kg/hm 2 ；
And d, carrying out conservation, namely spraying the liquid mulching film in spring, and adopting sealing and artificial nursing measures to ensure that seedlings can be successfully rooted and rapidly grow after sprouting, wherein grazing can be recovered in autumn, and the stubble remaining height is 5-8 cm after grazing.
Preferably, the herb seeds comprise elymus chinensis, leymus chinensis, elymus chinensis, bromus indicus, and medicago sativa.
Preferably, the liquid mulching film in the step c is applied at a rate of 450kg/hm 2 。
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention has the advantages of low disturbance and high efficiency in repairing the grassland degradation plaque, and the liquid mulching film is directly sprayed on the soil surface to play the roles of preventing wind, keeping the soil moisture and improving the ground temperature, so that the soil moisture condition and the moisture utilization rate can be obviously improved;
secondly, the liquid mulching film can be gradually degraded into humic acid fertilizer after 40 to 60 days, and has the effects of improving soil aggregate structure, improving soil permeability and the like after being degraded into soil;
thirdly, the invention improves the liquid mulching film, prepares the cellulose and the alginic acid into the composite microcoagulation beads, forms a three-dimensional net structure by the cellulose and the alginic acid, restrains more free water, improves the water retention of the liquid mulching film, plays a role of heat preservation, and effectively improves the mechanical property of the liquid mulching film.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
The experimental methods, if not specified, in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and reagents and materials, if not specified, are commercially available.
Example 1 ]
A rapid restoration method for degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions comprises the following specific steps:
step a, selecting seeds, namely determining and screening herbaceous plant seeds which are suitable for local environments and have good drought resistance and cold resistance on the basis of carrying out field investigation on local meadow original plants and climatic hydrologic conditions;
step b, sowing and earthing, wherein after early spring rain, the four plant seeds of the grass, the leymus chinensis, the grass, the brome and the awnless brome are selected to be mixed in equal proportion and then sown in a mixed mode, after sowing, earthing is carried out, the soil layer is 2cm thick, and the composition of the earthing is as follows: 80 parts of alien soil, 35 parts of turf, 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4 parts of organic fertilizer, 4 parts of wormcast and 5 parts of fungus dreg;
c, spraying the liquid mulching film, sowing and earthing, and uniformly spraying the liquid mulching film on the soil surface by using a sprayer, wherein the application amount is 450kg/hm 2 Spraying on a sunny day, and if the rainy day is met, then spraying again for 1 time after sunny day, wherein the liquid mulching film comprises the following components: 100 parts of humic acid, 120 parts of modified cellulose, 30 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of gum arabic, 15 parts of film forming additive, 12 parts of cross-linking agent, 4 parts of surfactant, 4 parts of pesticide and 200 parts of water, and the components are uniformly mixed when in use;
and d, after the liquid mulching film is sprayed in spring, sealing and artificial nursing measures are adopted to ensure that seedlings can be successfully rooted and rapidly grow after sprouting, grazing can be recovered in autumn, and the stubble remaining height is 7cm after grazing.
The film forming additive is crosslinked carboxymethyl starch, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, the crosslinking agent is epoxy silane crosslinking agent, the pesticide is pesticide, and the modified cellulose is alginic acid-cellulose composite micro-gel beads, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating water to 60 ℃, uniformly adding sodium alginate into the water while stirring to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the concentration of 2%, adding tween 60 into the sodium alginate solution, and uniformly adding 2-ethylhexyl phosphate while stirring to form a suspension, wherein the mass ratio of tween 60, 2-ethylhexyl phosphate to the sodium alginate solution is 0.3:0.2:100;
step two, mixing carboxymethyl cellulose with water, and fully stirring in the mixing process to prepare a colloidal solution with the concentration of 3%;
step three, mixing the suspension and the colloid solution according to a volume ratio of 1:3, adding butane tetracarboxylic acid accounting for 0.3 percent of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring, standing and crosslinking for 0.5h to obtain a mixed solution;
and step four, dropwise adding the mixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 3 percent by using a syringe, stirring, performing ultrasonic dispersion to generate gel bead sedimentation, filtering and washing to obtain the alginic acid-cellulose composite micro-gel beads with the average particle size of 2 mu m.
Example 2 ]
A rapid restoration method for degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions comprises the following specific steps:
step a, selecting seeds, namely determining and screening herbaceous plant seeds which are suitable for local environments and have good drought resistance and cold resistance on the basis of carrying out field investigation on local meadow original plants and climatic hydrologic conditions;
step b, sowing and earthing, wherein the three plant seeds of the grass, the brome and the alfalfa are selected after early spring rain and mixed in equal proportion, then sowing in a mixed mode, earthing is carried out after sowing, the soil layer is 2cm thick, and the composition of the earthing is as follows: 100 parts of foreign soil, 30 parts of turf, 2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 parts of wormcast and 5 parts of fungus dreg;
c, spraying the liquid mulching film, sowing and earthing, and uniformly spraying the liquid mulching film on the soil surface by using a sprayer, wherein the application amount is 450kg/hm 2 Spraying on a sunny day, and if the rainy day is met, then spraying again for 1 time after sunny day, wherein the liquid mulching film comprises the following components: 80 parts of humic acid, 150 parts of modified cellulose, 20 parts of montmorillonite, 5 parts of gum arabic, 20 parts of film forming additive, 10 parts of cross-linking agent, 5 parts of surfactant, 5 parts of pesticide and 300 parts of water, and the components are uniformly mixed when in use;
and d, after the liquid mulching film is sprayed in spring, sealing and artificial nursing measures are adopted to ensure that seedlings can be successfully rooted and rapidly grow after sprouting, grazing can be recovered in autumn, and the stubble remaining height is 5cm after grazing.
The film forming additive is crosslinked carboxymethyl starch, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, the crosslinking agent is epoxy silane crosslinking agent, the pesticide is pesticide, and the modified cellulose is alginic acid-cellulose composite micro-gel beads, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating water to 50 ℃, uniformly adding sodium alginate into the water while stirring to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the concentration of 1.5%, adding tween 60 into the sodium alginate solution, and uniformly adding 2-ethylhexyl phosphate while stirring to form a suspension, wherein the mass ratio of tween 60, 2-ethylhexyl phosphate to the sodium alginate solution is 0.1:0.1:100;
step two, mixing carboxymethyl cellulose with water, and fully stirring in the mixing process to prepare a colloid solution with the concentration of 2%;
step three, mixing the suspension and the colloid solution according to a volume ratio of 1:2, adding epoxy silane crosslinking agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring, standing and crosslinking 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
and step four, dropwise adding the mixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 2 percent by using a syringe, stirring, performing ultrasonic dispersion to generate gel bead sedimentation, filtering and washing to obtain the alginic acid-cellulose composite micro-gel beads with the average particle size of 1 mu m.
Comparative example 1 ]
A method for rapidly repairing a degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions comprises the following steps a-d, wherein the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the liquid mulching film comprises the following components: 100 parts of humic acid, 80 parts of modified cellulose, 25 parts of sodium alginate, 35 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of gum arabic, 16 parts of film forming additive, 12 parts of cross-linking agent, 3 parts of surfactant, 4 parts of pesticide and 150 parts of water, and all the components are uniformly mixed when in use. The modified cellulose is prepared by modifying straw powder, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing straw powder and 0.3: 0.3M sodium hydroxide solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, adding sodium chloroacetate for carboxymethylation reaction, precipitating and filtering after the reaction is finished, dialyzing the obtained liquid, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified cellulose.
Comparative example 2 ]
A method for rapidly repairing a degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions comprises the following steps of (a) - (d) in the same embodiment 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified cellulose in the liquid mulching film is as follows:
heating water to 60 ℃, and uniformly adding sodium alginate into the water while stirring to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the concentration of 2%;
step two, mixing carboxymethyl cellulose with water, and fully stirring in the mixing process to prepare a colloidal solution with the concentration of 3%;
step three, the sodium alginate solution and the colloid solution are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:3, adding butane tetracarboxylic acid accounting for 0.3 percent of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring, standing and crosslinking to obtain a mixed solution of 0.5 and h;
and step four, dropwise adding the mixed solution into a 3% calcium chloride solution by using a syringe, stirring, performing ultrasonic dispersion to generate gel bead sedimentation, filtering and washing to obtain the micro-gel beads with the average particle size of 2 mu m.
Comparative example 3 ]
A method for rapidly repairing a degraded grassland plaque in a arid and semiarid region comprises the following steps of (a) - (d) in the same embodiment 1, wherein modified cellulose in the liquid mulching film is replaced by sodium alginate-lignin composite micro-gel beads, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating water to 60 ℃, uniformly adding sodium alginate into the water while stirring to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the concentration of 2%, adding tween 60 into the sodium alginate solution, and uniformly adding 2-ethylhexyl phosphate while stirring to form a suspension, wherein the mass ratio of tween 60, 2-ethylhexyl phosphate to the sodium alginate solution is 0.3:0.2:100;
step two, the sodium alginate solution and the sodium lignin sulfonate solution with the concentration of 3% are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:3, adding epichlorohydrin accounting for 0.3 percent of the mass of the sodium alginate solution, stirring, standing and crosslinking to obtain a mixed solution of 0.5 and h;
and thirdly, dropwise adding the mixed solution into a 3% calcium chloride solution by using a syringe, stirring, performing ultrasonic dispersion to generate gel bead sedimentation, filtering and washing to obtain the sodium alginate-lignin composite micro-gel beads with the average particle size of 2 mu m.
< liquid mulch film Performance test >
The liquid mulching films prepared in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested for heat preservation performance, moisture preservation performance and mechanical properties.
The testing method of the heat preservation performance and the moisture preservation performance comprises the following steps: the liquid mulch films prepared in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 were respectively prepared in the same manner as in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 at a rate of 450kg/hm 2 The application amount is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the degraded grassland plaque in the arid and semiarid region, the humidity value and the temperature value of the depth of 10cm of soil in a period of time of film coating are respectively measured by a humidity analyzer and a soil thermometer, the measurement is carried out every 7 days, and the experimental results are shown in table 1.
Experimental results show that the liquid mulching film in the embodiment 1-2 has good heat preservation and moisture preservation performance, because the liquid mulching film prepared by the method provided by the invention prepares cellulose and alginic acid into composite microcoagulation beads, the cellulose and the alginic acid form a three-dimensional net structure, more free water is bound, the water retention performance of the liquid mulching film is improved, the transpiration effect of soil is blocked, and the heat preservation performance of the soil is improved.
TABLE 1
The mechanical property test method comprises the steps of casting the liquid mulching films prepared in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-3 on the surface of a smooth polyethylene plastic plate to form a film, drying the film under natural conditions for 24 h, uncovering the film, preparing a dumbbell-shaped sample according to GB 13022-91, preparing a sample width of 15 mm, an original gauge length of 50 mm, a test speed of 500mm/min, preparing 4 parallel samples each time, and taking an average value. The experimental results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Tensile Strength/MPa | |
| Example 1 | 21.4 |
| Example 2 | 22.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 14.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 15.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 15.9 |
The result shows that the rapid restoration method for the degraded grassland plaque in the arid and semiarid region does not turn over and plough or open a groove, adopts the low-disturbance degraded grassland restoration technology, directly sprays the liquid mulching film on the soil surface, plays the roles of preventing wind, keeping the soil moisture and improving the ground temperature, and can obviously improve the soil moisture condition and the moisture utilization rate. In addition, the liquid mulching film not only improves the water retention of the liquid mulching film, but also plays a role in heat preservation, and effectively improves the mechanical property of the liquid mulching film.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown, but rather is well suited to various fields of use, and further modifications may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and their equivalents, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations and descriptions herein.
Claims (8)
1. The rapid restoration method for the degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps: uniformly spraying a liquid mulching film on the soil surface after grass planting, wherein the liquid mulching film mainly comprises, by weight, 80-120 parts of humic acid, 80-150 parts of modified cellulose, 20-40 parts of montmorillonite, 5-10 parts of gum arabic, 10-20 parts of film forming auxiliary agent, 10-20 parts of cross-linking agent, 3-5 parts of surfactant, 3-5 parts of pesticide and 100-300 parts of water, wherein the modified cellulose is alginic acid-cellulose composite microcoagulation beads;
the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps: adding an emulsifying agent and an extracting agent into a sodium alginate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1.5-3% to prepare a suspension, and mixing the suspension and a carboxymethyl cellulose colloid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1-4% according to the volume ratio of 1: mixing the components (2-5), adding a cross-linking agent accounting for 0.2-1% of the sodium alginate solution by mass percent, stirring, standing and cross-linking for 0.5-1 h to obtain a mixed solution; and (3) dropwise adding the mixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 1-4% by using a syringe, stirring, performing ultrasonic dispersion to generate gel bead sedimentation, filtering and washing to prepare the alginic acid-cellulose composite micro-gel beads with the average particle size of 0.1-10 mu m.
2. The method for rapidly repairing the degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation method of the suspension is as follows: heating water to 50-80 ℃, uniformly adding sodium alginate into the water while stirring to prepare sodium alginate solution with the concentration of 1.5-3%, adding an emulsifying agent into the sodium alginate solution, stirring, and uniformly adding an extracting agent to form a suspension, wherein the mass ratio of the emulsifying agent, the extracting agent and the sodium alginate solution is (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.3): 100.
3. the method for rapid restoration of degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 2, wherein the emulsifier is tween 60.
4. A method for rapid restoration of degraded grassland plaque in arid semiarid regions as claimed in claim 2 wherein the extractant is 2-ethylhexyl phosphate.
5. The method for rapidly repairing degraded grassland plaques in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is any one of butane tetracarboxylic acid and epoxy silane cross-linking agent.
6. The method for rapidly repairing the degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step a, selecting seeds, namely determining and screening herbaceous plant seeds which are suitable for local environments and have good drought resistance and cold resistance on the basis of carrying out field investigation on local meadow original plants and climatic hydrologic conditions;
step b, sowing and earthing, wherein 3-4 plant seeds are selected after early spring rain and mixed, earthing is carried out after sowing, the soil layer is 2cm thick, and the composition of the earthing is as follows: 70-100 parts of foreign soil, 30-35 parts of turf, 2-3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 4-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 4-5 parts of wormcast and 4-5 parts of fungus dreg;
c, spraying the liquid mulch film, sowing and earthing, and uniformly spraying the liquid mulch film on the soil surface by using a sprayer, wherein the application amount is 300-500 kg/hm 2 ；
And d, carrying out conservation, namely spraying the liquid mulching film in spring, and adopting sealing and artificial nursing measures to ensure that seedlings can be successfully rooted and rapidly grow after sprouting, wherein grazing can be recovered in autumn, and the stubble remaining height is 5-8 cm after grazing.
7. The method for rapid restoration of degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 6, wherein the herb seeds comprise elymus chinensis, leymus chinensis, bromus indicus, alfalfa.
8. The method for rapidly repairing degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions according to claim 6, wherein the application amount of the liquid mulching film in the step c is 450kg/hm 2 。
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