CN110423380A - A kind of degradable liquid mulch film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of degradable liquid mulch film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08J2301/28—Alkyl ethers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2489/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of degradable liquid mulch film and preparation method thereof, this kind of degradable liquid mulch film includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 0.5~1.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 1.5~4.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3~0.9 part of chitosan, 0.2~0.6 part of gelatin, 0.05~0.10 part of humic acid.The preparation method of this kind of degradable liquid mulch film is simple, low in cost, easy to use；Water suction, water holding capacity are strong；Component is degradable, noresidue；The evaporation that soil moisture is reduced by film forming covering and cementing grogs, reduces arable layer salt content, improves soil physico-chemical property, improves the soil moisture；Also there is bactericidal effect, and inhibit the ability of plant virus and viroid, plant is protected not infected by bacterium and virus；It can promote the hyperplasia of beneficial bacteria in soil simultaneously, hence it is evident that improve microbiota.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid ground film field, specially a kind of degradable liquid mulch film and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
China's agricultural film output the first in the world；Agricultural film area coverage the first in the world, wherein 3.8 hundred million mu of covering with ground sheeting area,
It is 1.6 times of other All Countries area coverage summations of the world.Dosage is so huge, brings the same of huge income for agricultural production
When, also bring " white pollution ".
Mulch residual quantity is in 71.9-259.1kghm in long-term overlay film agricultural land soil-2Between, degradation time generally exists
Thus 200-400 generates a series of adverse effect to soil and crop, hinder water infiltration and evaporation, reduces soil
The porosity and permeability of earth.When residual-film amount is larger, microbiologic population's abundance, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme can significantly reduce
Activity.It is influenced by long-term residual film, the soil organism, full nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus content can reduce.Residual film will affect small
The root system development of the crops such as wheat, corn and cotton reduces emergence rate and yield.Residual film also will affect the cultivation of agricultural machinery and implement, in turn
It influences arable land and seeding quality and may cause death if eaten by mistake by domestic animals such as cattle and sheep.Due to the danger come to mulch lower tape
Evil, mulch recovery technology and substitute products lack systematic research, and " white pollution " has exacerbation trend.
Based on mulch there are the problem of, the growth-promoting appearance of degradable liquid mulch film.Liquid ground film is natural polymer
Herbicide can be mixed into and wherein be blended into 20~30 times of water by the high molecular material that matter is formed through special processing, when use, directly spray
It is sprinkled upon farmland surface, can be formed and the combined insulation film of upper soll layer, degradation in 90 days or so 100% on surface layer immediately.
This layer of Biodegradable film, which can play, keeps soil moisture and protection field soil moisture content, improves 5~15 cm layer of soil temperature.
In presently disclosed patent in partially liq mulch film forming component contain highly basic or strong acid, such as application No. is
200710056353.3 " a kind of biological degradation liquid film and preparation method " contains strong acid components；Application No. is
201110440063.5 disclose that entitled " a kind of liquid ground film and preparation method thereof ", application No. is 200810000616.3 disclosures
Entitled " a kind of humic acid multifunctional degradable black mulch film " and application No. is 201510902870.2 to disclose it is entitled " a kind of
Farmland weeding ecology liquid ground film and preparation method thereof and application method " contains highly basic ingredient.These liquid ground films easily cause
Soil acidity or alkalinity variation, to influence the physicochemical property and soil texture of soil, is unfavorable for plant growth.Some liquid
Ground membrane preparation method is complicated, and such as application No. is 201410720959.2 to disclose entitled " a kind of liquid ground film and preparation method thereof "
With application No. is 201710159176.5 to disclose entitled " production method of stalk composite liquid mulching film ", such liquid ground film is matched
Side is complicated and preparation process is cumbersome.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of degradable liquid mulch films, have of high quality and at a reasonable price, easy to use；Block deep soil
Earth moisture scatters and disappears, and water suction, water holding capacity are strong；Component is degradable, noresidue；Soil is reduced by film forming covering and cementing grogs
The evaporation of earth moisture reduces arable layer salt content, improves soil physico-chemical property, improves the soil moisture；Also there is bactericidal effect,
The advantages that promoting the hyperplasia of beneficial bacteria in soil.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
First aspect present invention provides a kind of degradable liquid mulch film, the raw material including following parts by weight: polyvinyl alcohol 0.5
~1.5 parts, 1.5~4.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3~0.9 part of chitosan, 0.2~0.6 part of gelatin, humic acid 0.05~
0.10 part.
Preferably, the raw material including following parts by weight: 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.6 part of chitosan,
0.4 part of gelatin, 0.1 part of humic acid.
Preferably, the carboxymethyl cellulose is any one in sodium carboxymethylcellulose or potassium carboxymethylcellulose.
The preparation method of the second aspect of the present invention offer degradable liquid mulch film, comprising the following steps:
(1) polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose are added to the water, while glycerol is added into solution A；
(2) humic acid is added in solution A to heat and miscible is configured to solution B；
(3) gelatin and chitosan are distinguished into heating soluble in water, is configured to solution C and solution D；
(4) solution C is added with solution D and is mixed into solution B, be put into water-bath and stand insulation reaction, until bubble disappears
Degradable liquid mulch film is obtained to the greatest extent.
Preferably, in step (1), the volume ratio that the water and glycerol are added is (45~55): (2.5~3.5)；It is more excellent
Choosing, the volume ratio that the water and glycerol are added is 50:3.
Preferably, in step (2) and step (3), the temperature of the heating is 80~90 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (4), the temperature of the water-bath is 45~55 DEG C.
Preferably, in the solution A, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.01~0.015g/ml, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose
For 0.025~0.035g/ml；The concentration of gelatin is 0.04~0.06g/ml in the solution C；Chitosan in the solution D
Concentration is 0.04~0.06g/ml；
More preferably, in the solution A, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.01g/ml, and the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose is
0.03g/ml；The concentration of gelatin is 0.05g/ml in the solution C；The concentration of chitosan is 0.05g/ml in the solution D.
The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of degradable liquid mulch film in the following areas:
1) scattering and disappearing for deep subsoil moisture is blocked；
2) soil moisture is improved；
3) cementing grogs；
4) arable layer salt content is reduced；
5) improve soil physico-chemical property.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the application method of degradable liquid mulch film, adds water dilute the liquid ground film prepared
4~6 times are released, is sprayed on soil to be processed.
Beneficial effect
(1) polyvinyl alcohol dosage is less in degradable liquid mulch film of the invention, carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium or potassium) source
In native cellulose, chitosan, gelatin and humic acid are natural high molecular substance, and component is degradable, noresidue, at low cost；Group
Divide the content of organic matter that can increase soil after degrading.
(2) degradable liquid mulch film of the invention itself easily forms a film, and the toughness of film, intensity and draftability are strong.
(3) degradable liquid mulch film of the invention all contains hydroxyl due to component, and water suction, water holding capacity are strong.
(4) degradable liquid mulch film of the invention is black due to containing humic acid, color, can largely absorb the sun
Light improves ground temperature.The content of organic matter of soil can be increased after component degradation simultaneously.Sunlight can be largely absorbed, improves ground
Temperature.
(5) contain chitosan in degradable liquid mulch film of the invention, have bactericidal effect, and inhibit plant virus and
The ability of viroid, protects plant not infected by bacterium and virus.It can promote beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fibre in soil simultaneously
Tie up the hyperplasia of decomposer, lactic acid bacteria, actinomyces, hence it is evident that improve microbiota.
(6) degradable liquid mulch film of the invention is prepared simple, can directly spray film forming, easy to use.
(7) degradable liquid mulch film of the invention can be used for alkaline land improving, can significantly inhibit the evaporation of salt-soda soil moisture, drop
Low topsoil salt content.
Detailed description of the invention
A is the soil surface scanning electron microscopic picture for spraying deionized water for amplifying 10000 times in Fig. 1；
B is the soil surface scanning electron microscopic picture for spraying liquid ground film for amplifying 10000 times in Fig. 1；
A is the soil surface scanning electron microscopic picture for spraying deionized water for amplifying 15000 times in Fig. 2；
B is the soil surface scanning electron microscopic picture for spraying liquid ground film for amplifying 15000 times in Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 is that salinized soil sprays liquid ground film cracking situation；
Fig. 4 is that brown earth sprays liquid ground film cracking situation.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
As background parts are introduced, strong acid or highly basic are contained in existing liquid ground film ingredient, formula is complicated and prepares
Process is cumbersome.Degradable liquid mulch film of the invention mainly solves the problems, such as this by formula Design and optimization preparation process,
It realizes that cementing grogs reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, blocks scattering and disappearing for deep subsoil moisture, reduce arable layer salt content, improve
Soil physico-chemical property improves the soil moisture.
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of degradable liquid mulch film, the raw material including following parts by weight: polyvinyl alcohol 0.5
~1.5 parts, 1.5~4.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3~0.9 part of chitosan, 0.2~0.6 part of gelatin, humic acid 0.05~
0.10 part.
Degradable liquid mulch film of the invention is added simultaneously by the way that polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose are added to the water
Entering glycerol into solution A, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.01~0.015g/ml, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.025~
The volume ratio that 0.035g/ml, water and glycerol are added is (45~55): (2.5~3.5)；Humic acid is added in solution A and is heated
Solution B is configured within miscible 1 hour to 80~90 DEG C；80~90 DEG C are heated to by gelatin and chitosan are soluble in water respectively, are prepared
At solution C and solution D, wherein the concentration of gelatin is 0.04~0.06g/ml, and the concentration of chitosan is 0.04~0.06g/ml；It will
Solution C is added with solution D and mixes into solution B, is put into 45~55 DEG C of water-baths and stands insulation reaction, until bubble disappears most system
.
In sprayed in 12 hours after prepared liquid ground film dilution.Diluted liquid ground film can be protected in 12 hours
The homogeneity for holding solution is easy to spray.Diluted liquid ground film is uniform after 12 hours sexually revises, and is not easy to spray.
Degradable liquid mulch film of the invention is not simply to be superimposed each raw material, and each raw material component, which is one, to be had
The entirety of machine, it is indispensable, there is synergistic effect: progress polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and humic acid first between each component
Cross-linking reaction, reach reaction balance after, add gelatin and chitosan, further cross-linking reaction, addition sequence cannot change
Become, it is therefore an objective to keep the stability of solution.It wherein can be mutual between polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and chitosan
Carry out cross-linking reaction, by control this 4 kinds of ingredients dosage, dissolution reaction temperature and addition sequence come promote cross-linking reaction into
Row, while the crystallinity of polyvinyl alcohol is reduced by the way that glycerol is added, the mechanical property after improving film forming.Pass through 4 kinds of ingredients
Be cross-linked with each other reaction, compensates in the prior art and only has 2 kinds or 3 kinds of substances as main component, it is other as plasticizer, form a film
The shortcomings that agent and crosslinking agent, toughness and intensity after improving film forming.
Polyvinyl alcohol dosage is less in liquid ground film, and carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium or potassium) derives from native cellulose, and shell is poly-
Sugar, gelatin and humic acid are natural high molecular substance, and component is degradable, noresidue.Soil can be increased after component degradation simultaneously
The content of organic matter.Since component all contains hydroxyl, so the water suction of liquid ground film, water holding capacity are strong.Liquid ground film mainly according to
Color by humic acid is black absorption solar energy, so that the soil moisture is improved, and according to our test result, it was added
More humic acid will reduce the tensile strength after liquid ground film forms a film more than 0.1 part, therefore the color of liquid ground film cannot be too deep
(black).Chitosan in liquid ground film has bactericidal effect, and inhibits the ability of plant virus and viroid, protects plant
It is not infected by bacterium and virus.It can promote beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, unwrapping wire in soil simultaneously
The hyperplasia of bacterium, hence it is evident that improve microbiota.Low in raw material price needed for preparing liquid ground film is easy to get and dosage is smaller, so
Liquid ground film price obtained is low and preparation method is simple, and convenient spraying can directly be sprayed.
Degradable liquid mulch film of the invention prevents the mechanism of soil water evaporation to be different from other liquid ground films, main logical
Effect of both crossing is to prevent soil water evaporation, first is that liquid ground film forms cover film on grogs surface, to reduce soil
The evaporation of grain moisture.Second is that being formed a film by liquid ground film itself, mulching soil is smaller and slight void or liquid ground film are in solvent
It before evaporation, slowly penetrates inside soil macropore, covers inside macrovoid, block dissipating for soil macropore inner deep moisture
It loses.The evaporation that soil moisture is reduced by film forming covering and cementing grogs, can be used for alkaline land improving, can significantly inhibit saline and alkaline
The evaporation of ground moisture, reduces topsoil salt content.
Test material used in the embodiment of the present invention and test example is the test material of this field routine, can be passed through
Commercial channel is commercially available.
Embodiment 1
1. raw material form:
Polyvinyl alcohol 1g, potassium carboxymethylcellulose 3g, chitosan 0.6g, gelatin 0.4g, humic acid 0.1g.
2. preparation method:
(1) polyvinyl alcohol, potassium carboxymethylcellulose are added in 100ml water, while 6ml glycerol is added into solution
A；
(2) humic acid is added in solution A and is heated to 85 DEG C and is configured to solution B in miscible 1 hour；
(3) gelatin and chitosan are dissolved in 85 DEG C of water respectively, are configured to the solution C and solution that concentration is 0.05g/ml
D；
(4) solution C is added with solution D and is mixed into solution B, be put into 50 DEG C of water-baths and stand reaction, until bubble disappears
Degradable liquid mulch film is obtained to the greatest extent.
3. application method
The liquid ground film prepared is diluted with water 5 times, is fitted into sprinkler and sprays film forming.
Embodiment 2
1. raw material form:
Polyvinyl alcohol 1.5g, potassium carboxymethylcellulose 4.5g, chitosan 0.9g, gelatin 0.6g, humic acid 0.10g.
2. preparation method:
(1) polyvinyl alcohol, potassium carboxymethylcellulose are added in 150ml water, while 9ml glycerol is added into solution
A；
(2) humic acid is added in solution A and is heated to 90 DEG C and is configured to solution B in miscible 1 hour；
(3) gelatin and chitosan are dissolved in 90 DEG C of water respectively, are configured to the solution C and solution that concentration is 0.05g/ml
D；
(4) solution C is added with solution D and is mixed into solution B, be put into 55 DEG C of water-baths and stand reaction, until bubble disappears
Degradable liquid mulch film is obtained to the greatest extent.
3. application method
The liquid ground film prepared is diluted with water 6 times, is fitted into sprinkler and sprays film forming.
Embodiment 3
1. raw material form:
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.5g, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1.5g, chitosan 0.6g, gelatin 0.4g, humic acid 0.05g.
2. preparation method:
(1) polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose are added in 50ml water, while 3ml glycerol is added into solution
A；
(2) humic acid is added in solution A and is heated to 80 DEG C and is configured to solution B in miscible 1.5 hours；
(3) gelatin and chitosan are dissolved in 80 DEG C of water respectively, are configured to the solution C and solution that concentration is 0.05g/ml
D；
(4) solution C is added with solution D and is mixed into solution B, be put into 45 DEG C of water-baths and stand reaction, until bubble disappears
Degradable liquid mulch film is obtained to the greatest extent.
3. application method
The liquid ground film prepared is diluted with water 4 times, is fitted into sprinkler and sprays film forming.
Test example 1: Water-saving effect test
Selection diameter be 7cm, depth be 4cm aluminium box, in an oven 105 DEG C dry 8 hours, after be placed on it is spare in drier.
Certain mass salinized soil is accurately weighed with electronic balance, crosses 20 meshes, water content 16.4% is put into aluminium box.
Experimental design: setting jetting liquid mulch (processing 1) and two groups of processing of control, each setting 3 of every group of processing is (respectively
1.3) processing 1.1, processing 1.2, processing 1.3, control 1.1, control 1.2, control are averaged, processing 1 sprays embodiment 1 and is made
Liquid ground film 20ml (dilution 5 times after dosage), control sprays the deionized water with 1 same volume of processing, weighs immediately.Then
It is all put into insulating box, keeping temperature is 30 DEG C.Claim a weight daily, until there is big crack to occur.Acquired results are shown in
Table 1.
1 Water-saving effect comparison of test results of table
Test result shows from the 1st day to the 5th day that the accumulative percentage of water loss of processing 1 and control gradually increases, but it is tired to handle 1
Meter percentage of water loss is below control, inhibits the evaporation effect of moisture obvious, and for the 3rd day, the average cumulative of processing 1 and control is lost
Water rate is respectively 13.30% and 21.43%, and processing 1 is lower by 37.94% than compareing, and Water-saving effect is significant.
Test example 2
Test site: the proving ground Shandong Agricultural University Ma Zhuan, brown earth.
For studying object: wheat breed is Jimai 22.
Test period: sowing date is on October 9th, 2017.
Experimental design: test is divided into 6 cells, is separated between each cell with the plastic cloth of 1mm thickness, buried depth 0.5m, face
Product is 20m2, long 10m, wide 2m.It is divided into 1 (1000kg/hm of processing2, liquid ground film made from embodiment 1 is sprayed, dilutes 5 times) and
Two groups of processing of control (spraying and 1 same amount of water of processing), random alignment.Every group of processing it is each setting 3 (respectively handle 1.1,
1.3) processing 1.2, processing 1.3, control 1.1, control 1.2, control are averaged.(depth is results of regular determination soil water content
10cm, table 2) and the soil moisture (depth 10cm).Liquid ground film degradation Disappearance Scenarios are observed simultaneously.Soil sampling when harvesting wheat,
Taking native depth is 10-15cm, measures moisture content, the soil moisture, soil organic matter content, while measuring wheat yield.Gained
It the results are shown in Table 2, table 3, table 4 and table 5.
2 brown earth moisture content Comparative result of table
3 brown earth soil temperature comparisons of table
4 brown earth content of organic matter Comparative result of table
5 brown earth wheat yield Comparative result of table
Test result show to spray the extension soil moisture content of the processing of liquid ground film and control at any time all gradually under
Drop, but the water content fall for spraying liquid ground film is slow, while water content is higher than control, in 20 day time, compares aqueous
Amount decline is very fast, spray the processing of liquid ground film the 10th day, 20 days average moisture contents it is higher by 24.65% than control and 27.00%.
It is reduced with temperature, liquid ground film improves soil moisture effect and is more obvious, and the 10th day, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days spray liquid ground film
The soil moisture than control averagely improve 1.1 DEG C, 1.2 DEG C, 1.34 DEG C, 1.7 DEG C.In 40 days, the soil temperature of liquid ground film is sprayed
Degree averagely improves 1.32 DEG C than control.Spray at 90 days liquid ground film with compare soil surface without significant difference, it was demonstrated that liquid
Film is degradable.The processing soil organic matter content for spraying liquid ground film improves 32.26% than control.Spray liquid plastic-sheet-covered wheat
Yield increased volume increase 8.35%, effect of increasing production is more apparent.
Test example 3
Test site: Shandong Agricultural University, salinized soil proving ground, Wudi.
For studying object: wheat breed is Jimai 22.
Test period: sowing date is on October 9th, 2017.
Experimental design: test is divided into 6 cells, is separated between each cell with the plastic cloth of 1mm thickness, buried depth 0.5m, face
Product is 20m2, long 10m, wide 2m.It is divided into 1 (1000kg/hm of processing2, liquid ground film made from embodiment 1 is sprayed, dilutes 5 times) and
Two groups of processing of control (spraying and 1 same amount of water of processing), random alignment.Every group of processing it is each setting 3 (respectively handle 1.1,
1.3) processing 1.2, processing 1.3, control 1.1, control 1.2, control are averaged.(depth is results of regular determination soil water content
10cm) and the soil moisture (depth 10cm).Liquid ground film degradation Disappearance Scenarios are observed simultaneously.Meter produces and takes soil when harvesting wheat
Sample, taking native depth is 10~15cm, measures organic matter, Na+And Cl-Content.Acquired results are shown in Table 6, table 7, table 8, table 9,10 and of table
Table 11.
6 salinized soil moisture content Comparative result of table
7 salinized soil soil moisture Comparative result of table
8 salinized soil organic matter Comparative result of table
Table 9
Salinized soil sodium ion Comparative result
10 salinized soil chloride ion Comparative result of table
11 salinized soil wheat yield Comparative result of table
Test result shows to spray the processing of liquid ground film made from embodiment 1 and compares, soil moisture content decline
Trend is more gentle, at the 40th day, sprays the soil moisture ratio control mean height 48.18% of liquid ground film.Generally spray
The processing soil moisture content of liquid ground film is apparently higher than control.10th day, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, spray the soil of liquid ground film
Temperature improves 1.6 DEG C, 2.14 DEG C, 2.04 DEG C, 2.18 DEG C than control.Sprayed at 90 days liquid ground film with compare soil surface without bright
Significant difference is other, it was demonstrated that liquid ground film is degradable.The processing soil organic matter content for spraying liquid ground film is improved than control
33.47%.Na+And Cl-Content reduces by 46.16% and 38.84% respectively.Spray the volume increase of liquid plastic-sheet-covered wheat yield increased
13.69%, effect of increasing production is obvious.
Test example 4
The salinized soil for taking 20 mesh, is dried in an oven, is laid in clean glass surface, respectively with a thickness of 1cm, area
For 10cm × 10cm, liquid ground film made from embodiment 1 is sprayed respectively, is diluted 5 times to 200ml and is sprayed deionized water 200ml,
It is put into baking oven, set temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried within 24 hours, and sample segment is taken to carry out gold-plated rear scanning electron microscopic observation.Fig. 1-A,
Fig. 2-A and Fig. 1-B, Fig. 2-B are that 20 mesh salinized soil surfaces spray deionized water and the scanning electron microscope of liquid ground film shoots picture.
Test result shows that Fig. 1-A, Fig. 1-B are respectively to amplify 10000 times to spray deionized water and spray liquid ground film
Soil surface, by comparing as can be seen that the soil surface for spraying deionized water is coarse, gap is more, and with spraying liquid
Film surface is opposed flattened, and small gap is reduced, and grogs surface is liquid film mulching, then compares Fig. 2-A (spray of 15000 times of amplification
Deionized water) and Fig. 2-B (jetting liquid mulch), it can be seen that Fig. 2-B surface of liquid ground film is sprayed substantially without small gap, quilt
Liquid film mulching.Fig. 1-A, Fig. 1-B are observed it is found that although having sprayed liquid ground film, soil surface is liquid film mulching, but
Still can see with the presence of gap, comparing two picture gaps can find, liquid ground film with Water deep leaching to gap inside, with sky
Grogs combines (red frame in Fig. 1-B) inside gap.Therefore this liquid ground film is empty by itself film forming, covering grogs surface and covering
Grogs evaporates inside gap to obstruct moisture.
Test example 5
Liquid ground film is prepared according to embodiment 1, stoste pours into the casting film-forming on clean glass plate, 50~60 DEG C of bakings
It is dry.According to the regulation of GB/T 1040.3-2006,2 type samples are made, on universal testing machine, the stretching for measuring sample is strong
Degree and maximum distortion, are repeated 5 times.Size of sample: 150mm × 6.22mm × 0.15mm, rate of extension: 200mm/min.Gained knot
Fruit is shown in Table 12.
12 tensile strength result of table
Test result shows that the average tensile strength for the liquid ground film being made by embodiment 1 is 5.8672MPa, averagely most
Large deformation is 6.8319cm, and averagely fracture norminal strain is 85.40%.It can be seen that liquid ground film film forming produced by the present invention
The good toughness of caudacoria, tensile strength are higher.
Test example 6
4 parts of liquid ground film are prepared according to embodiment 1, wherein 1 part dilutes 5 times (processing 1), other 3 parts of difference room temperature immediately
L0 days (processing 2), 20 days (processing 3), 30 days (processing 4) are saved, 5 times is then diluted, is measured respectively with accurate pH test paper.
Test result: processing 1, processing 2, processing 3 and the pH value of processing 4 are respectively 6.7,6.8,6.9,6.9, close to 7.
This shows that liquid ground film is sprayed into soil will not cause soil acidification or alkalization.
Test example 7
Liquid ground film is prepared according to embodiment 1, testing basin alms bowl diameter used is 22cm, a height of 30cm, and high temperature, which is exposed to the sun 3 days, to kill
Bacterium, salinized soil and brown earth cross 2mm sieve, and every basin dress salinized soil and brown earth pour deionized water 1500ml from basin edge 4cm, completely under
After seeping 24 hours, 200ml liquid ground film (after 5 times of dilution) is then sprayed, in triplicate.It is placed in greenhouse, temperature change model
Enclose 8 DEG C~30 DEG C.Observation soil surface daily, until slight cracking occurs for soil surface, observation liquid ground film itself film forming and
Cementing grogs situation.
Analysis chart 3 and Fig. 4 illustrate that soil surface covers for liquid ground film it is found that there are mucilage binding silk between soil surface crack
It covers, is carried out between grogs by liquid ground film cementing.
The above embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
The variation and replacement for any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art is done on the basis of the present invention belong to institute of the present invention
Claimed range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of degradable liquid mulch film, which is characterized in that the raw material including following parts by weight: 0.5~1.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol,
1.5~4.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3~0.9 part of chitosan, 0.2~0.6 part of gelatin, 0.05~0.10 part of humic acid.
2. degradable liquid mulch film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw material including following parts by weight: poly- second
1 part of enol, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.6 part of chitosan, 0.4 part of gelatin, 0.1 part of humic acid.
3. degradable liquid mulch film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the carboxymethyl cellulose is that carboxymethyl is fine
Tie up any one in plain sodium or potassium carboxymethylcellulose.
4. the preparation method of degradable liquid mulch film described in any one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
(1) polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose are added to the water, while glycerol is added into solution A；
(2) humic acid is added in solution A to heat and miscible is configured to solution B；
(3) gelatin and chitosan are distinguished into heating soluble in water, is configured to solution C and solution D；
(4) solution C is added with solution D and is mixed into solution B, be put into water-bath and stand insulation reaction, until bubble disappears to the greatest extent i.e.
Degradable liquid mulch film is made.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step (1), the volume of the water and glycerol addition
Than for (45~55): (2.5~3.5)；Preferably, the volume ratio that the water and glycerol are added is 50:3.
6. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step (2) and step (3), the temperature of the heating
Degree is 80~90 DEG C.
7. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step (4), the temperature of the water-bath is 45~55
℃。
8. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the solution A, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.01
~0.015g/ml, the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose are 0.025~0.035g/ml；The concentration of gelatin is 0.04 in the solution C
~0.06g/ml；The concentration of chitosan is 0.04~0.06g/ml in the solution D；
Preferably, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.01g/ml in the solution A, and the concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.03g/ml；
The concentration of gelatin is 0.05g/ml in the solution C；The concentration of chitosan is 0.05g/ml in the solution D.
9. degradable liquid mulch film described in any one of claim 1-3 is following 1) -5) at least one of in application:
1) scattering and disappearing for deep subsoil moisture is blocked；
2) soil moisture is improved；
3) cementing grogs；
4) arable layer salt content is reduced；
5) improve soil physico-chemical property.
10. the application method of degradable liquid mulch film described in any one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that will prepare
Good liquid ground film is diluted with water 4~6 times, is sprayed on soil to be processed.
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| CN111303468A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-19 | 曲阜师范大学 | Preparation method of nutritional degradable mulching film material |
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| CN112812624A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | 杭州鸿墒科技有限公司 | Full-degradable water-retaining agent for mushroom sticks and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115895154A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-04 | 无锡学院 | Degradable high-barrier film and preparation method thereof |
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