CN111406592A - Winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat - Google Patents
Winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN111406592A CN111406592A CN202010398079.3A CN202010398079A CN111406592A CN 111406592 A CN111406592 A CN 111406592A CN 202010398079 A CN202010398079 A CN 202010398079A CN 111406592 A CN111406592 A CN 111406592A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01N47/26—Oxidation products of dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, e.g. thiuram sulfides
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly discloses a winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat, which comprises the following steps: (1) determining a seeding time; (2) soil preparation; (3) seed treatment; (4) fertilizing; (5) sowing; (6) managing in spring; (7) and (5) field management. According to the spring wheat winter sowing cultivation method provided by the invention, sowing is carried out before soil is frozen, a seed side layered fertilization method is adopted, the problem of soil moisture loss caused by spring sowing is prevented, meanwhile, the problem of difficult spring sowing in spring waterlogging areas is solved, the root system development is promoted by using early spring low temperature, the lodging resistance and drought resistance of wheat are enhanced, and the high yield, early harvesting and harvesting quality of wheat are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly discloses a winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat.
Background
The partial areas of Heilongjiang province are spring arid areas and semiarid areas, and if sowing operation is carried out in spring, soil moisture is easy to lose, so that the emergence rate is influenced; and part of the regions are regions which are easy to waterlog in spring, or have more snowfall in winter and spring, which make wheat seeding difficult in spring, and the spring seeding belongs to the high-yield seeding period of wheat, so that a cultivation method which can make wheat planting convenient and does not influence the wheat yield is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spring wheat winter sowing cultivation method, which is characterized in that sowing is carried out before soil is frozen, a seed side layered fertilization method is adopted, the problem of soil moisture loss caused by spring sowing is prevented, the problem of difficult spring sowing in spring waterlogging areas is solved, the root system development is promoted by using early spring low temperature, the lodging resistance and drought resistance of wheat are enhanced, and the high yield, early harvesting and harvesting quality of wheat are ensured.
The winter sowing cultivation method of spring wheat provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a broadcast time
Sowing is carried out between 2-3 days before freezing and 1-10 days after freezing, the outdoor temperature is-5-5 ℃, and the ground surface is frozen for 1-2 cm;
(2) soil preparation
Selecting bean stubble fields, preparing soil, and compacting soil before sowing;
(3) seed treatment
Seed dressing and coating treatment are carried out on seeds by using a seed coating agent;
(4) fertilizing
When the soil is prepared in autumn, fertilizing at the positions of 3-4cm of the seed side and 10-12cm and 5-8cm of the fertilizer depth respectively, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 10-12.5kg, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the fertilizer is 1-1.2: 1: 0.5;
(5) seeding
Selecting the seeding amount according to the wheat variety, the snow fall in winter and spring, the rainfall and the soil water content in spring: the sowing quantity of the arid and semi-arid regions is increased by 5 percent in winter compared with that of spring sowing; the sowing amount is increased by 10% in areas with large rain and snow in winter and spring and easy waterlogging formation in spring; the vertical type variety increases the seeding rate by 3-5%, and the creeping type variety keeps the original seeding rate;
the formula for calculating the seeding quantity is as follows:
keeping the row spacing of 10-15cm and the depth of 2-3cm for sowing, and then compacting;
(6) spring management
In arid and semiarid regions, when drought occurs in spring, the wheat is compacted for 1 time before emergence of seedlings in winter, and low-humidity waterlogging-prone fields are forbidden to be compacted in spring when being wet;
(7) management of field
A. Pressing green seedlings: pressing green seedlings once in the three-leaf period of the wheat;
B. pesticide spraying: spraying herbicide and plant growth regulator in the 1 st to 3 rd leaf period of wheat 2 leaves;
C. and (4) pest control.
Preferably, the seed coating agent in the step (3) is one of 3-5 times of diluent obtained by mixing 50% of Madean seed coating agent and Yiwei bacteria agent according to a mass fraction of 200 g: 75m L, 5-10 times of diluent obtained by mixing 2.5% of Youwei bacteria agent according to a mass fraction, 3-5 times of diluent obtained by mixing 3% of dichlodamycin and Yiwei bacteria agent according to a volume ratio of 2:1, 5-10 times of diluent obtained by mixing 40% of Weifu or 5-10 times of diluent obtained by mixing 2% of Likexiu according to a mass fraction;
wherein the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the probiotic agent is 20 hundred million/m L.
Preferably, in the step (7), the herbicide is a 300-fold dilution of 200-fold mixed solution of 72 mass percent of 2.4-D butyl ester and 75 mass percent of thifensulfuron methyl water dispersant according to a ratio of 25m L: 0.7-1g, and the plant growth regulator is a water dilution of the Zhuangfeng medicament.
Preferably, the pest and disease prevention agent in the step (7) is one or two of 300-fold dilution of tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 25%, 80-100-fold dilution of Cyanoxastrobin suspending agent with the mass fraction of 25% or 400-fold dilution of deltamethrin with the mass fraction of 2.5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with spring sowing, the winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat provided by the invention can reduce water loss in soil as much as possible in arid areas, is more beneficial to improving the rate of emergence, and ensures full seedlings; for areas with heavy snow in winter and spring and incapability of normal sowing in spring, the problem that the high-yield sowing period is missed and the wheat yield is influenced can be effectively solved; in addition, the winter sowing can also lead the growth period of the wheat to be advanced, avoid rainy seasons during harvesting, and improve the yield and quality of the wheat;
2. according to the spring wheat winter sowing cultivation method provided by the invention, a layered fertilization method with different seed side depths is adopted before sowing, and compared with the same layer fertilization of the seed side in spring sowing, the effects of no seed burning, slow fertilizer release and fertilizer utilization rate improvement can be achieved;
3. compared with the spring sowing technology, the winter sowing cultivation method for the spring wheat provided by the invention can promote the wheat to germinate and emerge in advance and harvest for 7-10 days by using accumulated temperature;
4. according to the winter sowing cultivation method for the spring wheat, provided by the invention, the temperature is low during seedling emergence of the winter sowing, the root system development of the wheat can be promoted, deep root-pricking of the wheat is facilitated, the internode of the base part is shortened, and tillering of the wheat and drought resistance and lodging resistance are further facilitated to be increased;
5. compared with the spring sowing in the 3-leaf period, the winter sowing wheat is longer in the winter sowing cultivation method of the spring wheat, so that large spikes are formed, and the yield is increased; compared with spring sowing, the winter sowing has the advantages that the flag leaves of the functional wheat leaves are developed in advance, the growth is strong, the leaf area is large, and the thousand seed weight can be increased by 1.13-10.14%.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A winter sowing and cultivating method for spring wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a broadcast time
Sowing the seeds 2-3 days before sealing and freezing, reducing the outdoor temperature to-5-5 ℃, and sealing and freezing the ground surface for 1-2 cm; the wheat seeds do not sprout after being sown and are in a hibernation state, and seedlings emerge in the spring of the next year when the temperature is proper, so that the early emergence of the seedlings of the wheat is ensured;
(2) soil preparation
Selecting bean stubble fields (the bean stubble fields have good soil preparation effect, can achieve a flat and fine state and better meet the wheat seeding requirement compared with corn stubble fields, soybeans are dicotyledonous plants, wheat and corn are monocotyledonous gramineous plants, wheat and bean crop rotation is better than wheat and corn crop rotation, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds), preparing soil, and adopting stubble raking or rotary tillage, wherein the depth of the stubble raking is 18-22cm, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 14-16 cm; the method is characterized in that the land without a deep scarification foundation is subjected to deep scarification, the deep scarification depth is more than 35cm, soil in a plough layer is finely crushed and loosened after land preparation, the soil is virtual and solid on the upper surface, the ground is flat, the height difference in 10 m is not more than +/-3 cm, the earth surface is free of large soil blocks, the plough layer is free of dark and frustrated soil, and the soil blocks with the diameter of more than 3cm per square meter in the 10cm soil layer are not more than 1; compacting for 1-2 times before sowing to compact the soil and prevent uneven sowing depth and uneven seedling emergence;
(3) seed treatment
Coating seeds, wherein the seed coating agent is 50% of Madean seed coating agent in mass fraction, and when the seed coating agent is used, 200g of the seed coating agent is mixed with 75m L probiotic agent, and water is added for diluting the seed coating agent by 1-1.5L and then the seed coating agent is uniformly mixed with 100 kg of seeds;
wherein the probiotic agent is a bacillus subtilis aqua (produced by biological preparation factories in Wuchangfeng of Heilongjiang province), and the number of effective live bacteria is 20 hundred million/m L;
(4) fertilizing
When the soil is prepared in autumn, the fertilizer is applied in layers at the positions of 3cm on the seed side and 10cm and 5cm in the fertilizer depth, the pure fertilizer application amount per mu is 10kg, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1: 1: 0.5; compared with the method for sowing in spring and fertilizing on the same layer of the seed side, the fertilizing method can achieve the effects of no seed burning, slow release of fertilizer and improvement of the utilization rate of the fertilizer;
(5) seeding
The sowing quantity of the arid and semi-arid regions is increased by 5 percent compared with that of the spring sowing in winter, and the sowing quantity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the number of the designed seedlings is 600 ten thousand plants per hectare;
sowing at the depth of 3cm, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 10cm, and compacting after sowing;
(6) spring management
In arid and semiarid regions, if drought occurs in spring, 1-time pressing is carried out before the emergence of seedlings of winter-sowed wheat to make up cracks generated by freeze-thaw alternation so as to reduce the water loss of soil and keep water to be favorable for full seedlings; pressure is avoided when the low-humidity and waterlogging-prone land is wet in spring;
(7) management of field
A. Pressing green seedlings: in the three-leaf period of wheat, green seedlings are pressed once by a V-shaped compactor, and drought resistance, downward control and lodging prevention can be realized; the green-pressing seedlings are obliquely operated at a speed limit by using a caterpillar tractor, the speed per hour is not more than 6 kilometers, and the green-pressing seedlings are pressed in a sleeving manner;
B. spraying pesticide, namely, in the 1 heart to 3 leaf period of wheat 2 leaves, mixing 72 mass percent of 2.4-D butyl ester 25m L and 75 mass percent of thifensulfuron methyl water dispersant 1g per mu, adding 500ml of mother liquor prepared by mixing water into each mu when in use, then respectively adding the mother liquor into 8L water, mixing and stirring the mother liquor, spraying on the ground of a locomotive, wherein the flow error of a spray head is not more than 2 percent, and the wind speed cannot exceed three levels during operation;
meanwhile, the Zhuangfeng medicament is sprayed, the dosage of the Zhuangfeng medicament is 35m L per mu, and 8L of water is added into each 35m L when the Zhuangfeng medicament is used, so that the Zhuangfeng medicament can prevent wheat from lodging and improve the yield;
C. prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
The method is characterized in that tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 25% is used per mu, the tebuconazole is diluted by 300 times by adding water to prevent wheat leaf blight and gibberellic disease, the spraying is slightly earlier than the scattering of a large amount of germ spores, the disease is in a period of full growth, the spraying is generally prevented when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ and weather forecast continues for 3 days and rain or fog exists before the wheat flowering rate reaches more than 10%, 20m L mass fraction of deltamethrin with the mass fraction of 2.5% is used per mu, the water is diluted by 400 times when the spraying is performed to prevent armyworms, and the prevention is generally performed in time when 10-15 larvae with the age of 1-2 per square meter exist.
Example 2
A winter sowing and cultivating method for spring wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a broadcast time
Sowing the seeds under the conditions that the outdoor temperature is reduced to-5-5 ℃ and the ground surface is frozen for 1-2cm within 10 days after freezing; the wheat seeds do not sprout after being sown and are in a hibernation state, and seedlings emerge in the spring of the next year when the temperature is proper, so that the early emergence of the seedlings of the wheat is ensured;
(2) soil preparation
Selecting bean stubble fields (the bean stubble fields have good soil preparation effect, can achieve a flat and fine state and better meet the wheat seeding requirement compared with corn stubble fields, soybeans are dicotyledonous plants, wheat and corn are monocotyledonous gramineous plants, wheat and bean crop rotation is better than wheat and corn crop rotation, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds), preparing soil, and adopting stubble raking or rotary tillage, wherein the depth of the stubble raking is 18-22cm, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 14-16 cm; the method is characterized in that the land without a deep scarification foundation is subjected to deep scarification, the deep scarification depth is more than 35cm, soil in a plough layer is finely crushed and loosened after land preparation, the soil is virtual and solid on the upper surface, the ground is flat, the height difference in 10 m is not more than +/-3 cm, the earth surface is free of large soil blocks, the plough layer is free of dark and frustrated soil, and the soil blocks with the diameter of more than 3cm per square meter in the 10cm soil layer are not more than 1; compacting for 1-2 times before sowing to compact the soil and prevent uneven sowing depth and uneven seedling emergence;
(3) seed treatment
Coating seeds, namely coating the seeds with a seed coating agent which is 40% of weifu by mass, and diluting the seed coating agent with the weight of 300m L by adding 1.5L of water when in use, and then uniformly mixing the diluted seed coating agent with 100 kilograms of seeds;
(4) fertilizing
When the soil is prepared in autumn, the fertilizer is applied in layers at the positions of 4cm on the seed side and 12cm and 8cm in the fertilizer depth, the pure fertilizer application amount per mu is 12.5kg, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1.2: 1: 0.5; compared with the method for sowing in spring and fertilizing on the same layer of the seed side, the fertilizing method can achieve the effects of no seed burning, slow release of fertilizer and improvement of the utilization rate of the fertilizer;
(5) seeding
Sowing quantity is increased by 10% in areas with large rain and snow and easy waterlogging formation in spring, and the sowing quantity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the number of the designed seedlings is 600 ten thousand plants per hectare;
sowing at the depth of 3cm, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 10cm, and compacting after sowing;
(6) spring management
In arid and semiarid regions, if drought occurs in spring, 1-time pressing is carried out before the emergence of seedlings of winter-sowed wheat to make up cracks generated by freeze-thaw alternation so as to reduce the water loss of soil and keep water to be favorable for full seedlings; pressure is avoided when the low-humidity and waterlogging-prone land is wet in spring;
(7) management of field
A. Pressing green seedlings: in the three-leaf period of wheat, green seedlings are pressed once by a V-shaped compactor, and drought resistance, downward control and lodging prevention can be realized; the green-pressing seedlings are obliquely operated at a speed limit by using a caterpillar tractor, the speed per hour is not more than 6 kilometers, and the green-pressing seedlings are pressed in a sleeving manner;
B. spraying pesticide, namely, in the 1 heart to 3 leaf period of wheat 2 leaves, mixing 72 mass percent of 2.4-D butyl ester 25m L and 75 mass percent of thifensulfuron methyl water dispersant 0.7g per mu, adding 500ml of mother liquor prepared by mixing water into each mu when in use, then respectively adding the mother liquor into 6L water, mixing and stirring the mother liquor, spraying on the ground of a locomotive, wherein the flow error of a spray head is not more than 2 percent, and the wind speed cannot exceed three levels during operation;
meanwhile, the Zhuangfeng medicament is sprayed, the dosage of the Zhuangfeng medicament is 35m L per mu, and water is added for 6L per 35m L when the Zhuangfeng medicament is used, so that the Zhuangfeng medicament can prevent wheat from lodging and improve the yield;
C. prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
100m L mass percent of the Cyanostrobin suspending agent with the mass percent of 25 percent is used per mu, the suspending agent is diluted by 80 times by adding water to prevent wheat leaf blight diseases and gibberellic diseases, 2.5 percent of deltamethrin 20m L is used per mu, the suspending agent is diluted by 400 times by adding water when the suspending agent is sprayed to prevent armyworms, and the prevention and the control are generally carried out in time when 1-2 instar larvae per square meter are 10-15.
Comparative example
A winter sowing and cultivating method for spring wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a broadcast time
Sowing is started when the day and night average temperature is about 0-2 ℃ in 4 months and the surface soil is thawed;
(2) soil preparation
Selecting bean stubble fields (the bean stubble fields have good soil preparation effect, can achieve a flat and fine state and better meet the wheat seeding requirement compared with corn stubble fields, soybeans are dicotyledonous plants, wheat and corn are monocotyledonous gramineous plants, wheat and bean crop rotation is better than wheat and corn crop rotation, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds), preparing soil, and adopting stubble raking or rotary tillage, wherein the depth of the stubble raking is 18-22cm, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 14-16 cm; the method is characterized in that the land without a deep scarification foundation is subjected to deep scarification, the deep scarification depth is more than 35cm, soil in a plough layer is finely crushed and loosened after land preparation, the soil is virtual and solid on the upper surface, the ground is flat, the height difference in 10 m is not more than +/-3 cm, the earth surface is free of large soil blocks, the plough layer is free of dark and frustrated soil, and the soil blocks with the diameter of more than 3cm per square meter in the 10cm soil layer are not more than 1; compacting for 1-2 times before sowing to compact the soil and prevent uneven sowing depth and uneven seedling emergence;
(3) seed treatment
Coating seeds, wherein the seed coating agent is fenfurt with the mass fraction of 40%, and when the seed coating agent is used, 300m L seed coating agent is diluted by 1500m L water and then is uniformly mixed with 100 kilograms of seeds;
(4) fertilizing
When soil preparation is carried out, the pure fertilizing amount per mu is 12.5kg, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1.2: 1: 0.5;
(5) seeding
Sowing depth of 2-3cm and row spacing of 15cm, wherein the sowing depth can be adjusted to 3-5cm in arid areas, compacting is carried out after sowing, and 2-3cm of soil is covered after compacting;
(6) management of field
A. Pressing green seedlings: in the three-leaf period of wheat, green seedlings are pressed once by a V-shaped compactor, and drought resistance, downward control and lodging prevention can be realized; the green-pressing seedlings are obliquely operated at a speed limit by using a caterpillar tractor, the speed per hour is not more than 6 kilometers, and the green-pressing seedlings are pressed in a sleeving manner;
B. spraying pesticide, namely, in the 1 heart to 3 leaf period of wheat 2 leaves, mixing 72 mass percent of 2.4-D butyl ester 25m L and 75 mass percent of thifensulfuron methyl water dispersant 0.7g per mu, adding 500ml of mother liquor prepared by mixing water into each mu when in use, then respectively adding the mother liquor into 6L water, mixing and stirring the mother liquor, spraying on the ground of a locomotive, wherein the flow error of a spray head is not more than 2 percent, and the wind speed cannot exceed three levels during operation;
meanwhile, the Zhuangfeng medicament is sprayed, the dosage of the Zhuangfeng medicament is 35m L per mu, and water is added for 6L per 35m L when the Zhuangfeng medicament is used, so that the Zhuangfeng medicament can prevent wheat from lodging and improve the yield;
C. prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
100m L mass percent of the Cyanostrobin suspending agent with the mass percent of 25 percent is used per mu, the suspending agent is diluted by 80 times by adding water to prevent wheat leaf blight diseases and gibberellic diseases, 2.5 percent of deltamethrin 20m L is used per mu, the suspending agent is diluted by 400 times by adding water when the suspending agent is sprayed to prevent armyworms, and the prevention and the control are generally carried out in time when 1-2 instar larvae per square meter are 10-15.
Since the effect of the wheat cultivation method provided in example 1 was substantially the same as that of example 2, the effect was evaluated by only the cultivation method provided in example 1.
1. Materials and methods
1.1 general description of the test
The test was carried out in 2012-2017 at the test site of the academy of agricultural reclamation, Heilongjiang province.
Soil fertility: the soil type is meadow black soil, the previous stubble is soybean, subsoiling and stubble raking are carried out in autumn to level the soil, and the soil nutrient is as follows: 3.26 percent of organic matter, 46.1 percent of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 150.3mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 229.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium and 6.9 of pH.
1.2 materials
The test selects 8 minor wheat main cultivars (lines) respectively including Zhenmai No. 5, Zhenmai No. 00-24, Zhenmai No. 1, Zaohong No. 14, Longmai No. 26, Dadamian No. 12, Chunmai No. 10 and Kanghan No. 16.
1.3 methods
1.3.1 test design
8 wheat varieties (lines) are selected in 2012 to 2017 to carry out the sowing period test, spring wheat is sowed in winter according to the method in the example 1 respectively, and the sowing density is compared with the cultivation method provided by a comparative example, wherein the planting density is 600 ten thousand strains.hm2. The sowing period is that the winter sowing of spring wheat is carried out in 11 months every year, namely: 6 days 11 and 15 days 2013 in 2012, 7 days 11 and 2014 in 2014, 12 days 11 and 10 days 2016 in 11 and 10 months in 2016, and spring wheat is sown in the next year according to the cultivation method provided by the comparative example, namely: 22/4/2013, 10/4/2014, 16/4/2015, 13/2016, 4/2017, 6/4/2017.
The seeding quantity of each variety is calculated according to the designed density and the germination rate of the seeds before seeding, and the seeding quantity calculation formula is as follows:
fertilizing amount: the pure amount ratio is N: P: K ═ 1-1.2: 1: 0.5.
Cell design: the line spacing is 15cm, the line length is 4m, the area of 10 line areas and cells is 6m23 repeats. The cell adopts a random block design. After the district is harvested, the yield is measured according to the water content of 14 percent, and then the yield is converted into the yield per hectare.
1.3.2 survey items and methods
Indoor examination project: thousand kernel weight (g) and yield (kg).
2 results
2.1, 2012-2017 wheat yield results are shown in table 1.
Table 12012 years-2017 wheat yield
As can be seen from Table 1, all of the 8 wheat varieties are suitable for the winter sowing cultivation technique of wheat provided by the invention.
2.2, 2012-2017 the change time of the wheat growth period is shown in tables 2-6.
TABLE 22012 years-2013 wheat growth period change time
TABLE 32013 years-2014 wheat growth period change time
TABLE 42014 years-2015 variation time of wheat growth period
TABLE 52015 years-2016 wheat growth period change time
TABLE 62016 years-2017 wheat growth period change time
As can be seen from tables 1-6, winter sowing wheat is longer than spring sowing in the 3-leaf period, which is beneficial to forming big ears and increasing yield; compared with spring sowing, the thousand seed weight can be improved by 1.13-10.14% in winter sowing; in addition, compared with the spring sowing technology, the winter sowing technology can promote the wheat to germinate, emerge and harvest for 7-10 days in advance, so that the harvesting preparation can be made in advance, and the harvesting, airing and storage work can be finished before centralized precipitation.
It should be noted that when the following claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that both ends of each numerical range and any value between the two ends can be selected, and since the steps and methods used are the same as those of the embodiments, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described for the purpose of preventing redundancy, but once the basic inventive concept is known, those skilled in the art may make other variations and modifications to the embodiments. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (4)
1. A spring wheat winter sowing cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a broadcast time
Sowing is carried out between 2-3 days before freezing and 1-10 days after freezing, the outdoor temperature is-5-5 ℃, and the ground surface is frozen for 1-2 cm;
(2) soil preparation
Selecting bean stubble fields, preparing soil, and compacting soil before sowing;
(3) seed treatment
Seed dressing and coating treatment are carried out on seeds by using a seed coating agent;
(4) fertilizing
When the soil is prepared in autumn, fertilizing at the positions of 3-4cm of the seed side, 10-12cm of the fertilizer depth and 5-8cm of the fertilizer depth respectively, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is 10-12.5kg, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1-1.2: 1: 0.5;
(5) seeding
Selecting the seeding amount according to the wheat variety, the snow fall in winter and spring, the rainfall and the soil water content in spring: the sowing quantity of the arid and semi-arid regions is increased by 5 percent in winter compared with that of spring sowing; the sowing amount is increased by 10% in areas with large rain and snow in winter and spring and easy waterlogging formation in spring; the vertical type variety increases the seeding rate by 3-5%, and the creeping type variety keeps the original seeding rate;
the formula for calculating the seeding quantity is as follows:
keeping the row spacing of 10-15cm and the depth of 2-3cm for sowing, and then compacting;
(6) spring management
In arid and semiarid regions, when drought occurs in spring, the wheat is compacted for 1 time before emergence of seedlings in winter, and low-humidity waterlogging-prone fields are forbidden to be compacted in spring when being wet;
(7) management of field
A. Pressing green seedlings: pressing green seedlings once in the three-leaf period of the wheat;
B. pesticide spraying: spraying herbicide and plant growth regulator in the 1 st to 3 rd leaf period of wheat 2 leaves;
C. and (4) pest control.
2. The spring wheat winter sowing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seed coating agent in step (3) is one of a 3-5 times diluent of 50% by mass of madean seed coating agent and beneficial microbe agent mixed according to a ratio of 200 g: 75m L, a 5-10 times diluent of 2.5% by mass of dulbeck, a 3-5 times diluent of 3% by mass of dichlolidine and beneficial microbe agent mixed according to a volume ratio of 2:1, a 5-10 times diluent of 40% by mass of weifu or a 5-10 times diluent of 2% by mass of rickxiu;
wherein the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the probiotic agent is 20 hundred million/m L.
3. The winter sowing cultivation method of spring wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide in step (7) is a 200-fold 300-fold diluent obtained by mixing 72 mass percent of 2.4-D butyl ester and 75 mass percent of thifensulfuron methyl water dispersant according to a ratio of 25m L: 0.7-1g, and the plant growth regulator is a water diluent of a Zhuangfeng medicament.
4. The winter sowing cultivation method for spring wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control agent in step (7) is one or two of 300-fold dilution of tebuconazole with a mass fraction of 25%, 80-100-fold dilution of Cyanoxastrobin suspending agent with a mass fraction of 25%, or 400-fold dilution of deltamethrin with a mass fraction of 2.5%.
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