CN105830741A - Medium maturity cowpea variety outdoor spring sowing planting method - Google Patents
Medium maturity cowpea variety outdoor spring sowing planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830741A CN105830741A CN201610405560.4A CN201610405560A CN105830741A CN 105830741 A CN105830741 A CN 105830741A CN 201610405560 A CN201610405560 A CN 201610405560A CN 105830741 A CN105830741 A CN 105830741A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium maturity cowpea variety outdoor spring sowing planting method. The method comprises oil disinfection, land preparation and fertilization, ridge planting, plastic film mulching, seed treatment, nutritive bowl seedling growing, timely seedling transplanting, seedling transplanting, reasonable thin planting, enclosure of the periphery and top of a cowpea field with a nylon net after seedling transplanting, and removal of the nylon net after final singling. Through the seed treatment, the seed germination time is shortened, the germination rate is increased, and all seedlings are planted at a time; ridge cultivation is adopted, so that water, heat and gas conditions are adjusted, waterlogging damage is relieved, and pest and disease damage is reduced; a mulching film is used for covering, so that the drought combating, the rain resistant and flood drainage effects are improved, and the weeding cost is reduced; the seedlings are transplanted properly, so that a low temperature in spring is avoided, the robust degree of the young cowpea seedlings is increased, and the cowpea yield is increased; the nylon net is adopted for isolating, so that bird damage and eating of the cowpea seedlings by small animals are avoided, and the cost on filling the gaps with seedlings is reduced. The method is suitable for spring sowing cowpea planting at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, is easily accepted by bases or growers or research institutions and development institutions, and has great popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly relate to ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing plantation in one
Method.
Background technology
Semen vignae sinensis is annual herb plant, and economic worth is higher, and its bean sprout, seedling, tender pod all can make vegetable
Edible, in seed, protein content is high, particularly rich in lysine and tryptophan, it is also possible to make staple food.Cowpea
Bean supplies particularly 7-9 month vegetable " dull season " supply and plays an important role the anniversary of vegetable.In recent years due to
The continuous popularization of excellent Semen vignae sinensis new varieties, and the technology such as culturing and transplanting seedlings, covering with ground sheeting, warmhouse booth is wide
General application, Semen vignae sinensis quality and yield be greatly improved (rich vertical soldier etc., 2008；Liu's row equality, 2011).
The planting patterns of Semen vignae sinensis is directly connected to the size of its colony, and the size of colony is then to determine unit plane
The key factor of long-pending yield.The ultimate principle of cowpea high-yield cultivation is in Appropriate application and reform of nature condition
On the basis of, use the cultivation technique measure of science, with create the Semen vignae sinensis good light of fertility, temperature, water, heat,
Fertile condition, makes the yield of cowpea variety be not fully exerted with qualitative genetics potentiality, reach high yield, high-quality,
Efficient purpose.Natural conditions are the most uncontrollable, mainly scratch adaptation by Reasonable area.Cultivation
Technology can regulate and control, and the essence of cultivation technique is to improve the ecological factors pair such as light, temperature, water, heat, fertilizer
Semen vignae sinensis physiological process and the impact of growing process, thus improve the yield and quality of Semen vignae sinensis.
Semen vignae sinensis often because of seed shrinkage, shrivelled, grain is the lowest and cause germination low, top soil power difference and Seedling gesture weak；
Seedling is fresh and sweet, subjects to the harm of Mus worm.In ripe cowpea variety from sowing time to the natural law of receipts phase commodity pod beginning be 65-80
About it, but whole period of duration is in the season of high temperature and rainy, thus exist serious be short of seedling, pest and disease damage high
Find as.
Ultrasound wave is a kind of frequency elastic mechanical ripple more than 20kHz, and its biological effect is extensive, uses properly
There is benefit, otherwise then there is injury effect.Within 2010, appoint Shekinah etc. to explore high-power ultrasonics seed is sprouted
The impact sent out, shows that ultrasound wave 200W processes 3 hours Germination of Soybean Seed rates and is up to 97%.2012
Chen Yanli etc. utilize ultrasonic Treatment 25min wild soybean, improve the germinating energy of wild soybean, but with compare
Compare and be not significantly different from.These results of study explanation ultrasonic Treatment may increase the permeability of episperm of Semen sojae atricolor,
Be conducive to germination.But ultrasonic Treatment Semen vignae sinensis does not also have relevant report to the impact of seed germination.
The sowing of open country spring sowing Semen vignae sinensis too early, owing to ground temperature is the most relatively low, is emerged slow, and easy introduced disease causes
The underproduction.But can not sow too late, otherwise Semen vignae sinensis maturation is later, affects the sowing of yield and second stubble crop.
Research about Semen vignae sinensis sowing date and density is more, but conclusion is different.Within 2015, Chen Dan is with Hubei Province Semen vignae sinensis
No. 10 is material, devises the double factor experiment of date of seeding and density, and result shows: Hubei Province Semen vignae sinensis 10 is in the Changjiang river
Before and after the suitable sowing date of In The Middle And Lower Reaches is April 5, the suitable planting under the better-than-average fertility level of soil is close
Degree is 3700 strains/667m2.Zhou Jianyuan in 2009 etc. are with Hubei Province Semen vignae sinensis 8 for examination material, and suitable locality is screened in research
Optimal sowing and planting density combine.Result shows: sowing on May 1,667m in 9 process2Plantation 4400
Cave and sowing on April 24,667m2The yield planting 3700 caves occupies the 1st, 2, respectively 2119.94 and 2098.87
Kg, between the two, difference is little.In view of the listing factor that early price is high, it is proposed that after temperature stabilization rises preferably
Suitably early sowing, i.e. mid or late April sowing, medium density, 667m2Optimum Planting Density is 3700 caves.2010
For examination material, research different sowing dates and density, to its cell production and other are yield with red cow pea for the chivalrous grade of Nian Zuyan
The impact of shape.Result shows: cell production and the individual plant of red cow pea are born pods to count and all reached the most aobvious by 3 dates of seeding
Writing difference, wherein the yield of the 1st date of seeding is the highest, and date of seeding the slowest cell production and individual plant bear pods several the lowest；3
Date of seeding, is not up to significant difference to pod length, pod width, pod grain number and single pod weight average of red cow pea；3 kinds of density are to red
The cell production of Semen vignae sinensis has reached pole significant difference, and spacing in the rows is the least, and cell production is the highest；3 kinds of density are to individual plant
The number that bears pods is not up to significant difference with pod length, pod width, pod grain number and single pod weight average.In sum, red cow pea exists
Littoral Jiangsu Province date of seeding, can not be too late, and the too late yield that can affect it, the biggest yield of density is the highest.
In Nanjing (north latitude 31 ° 54 '～32 ° 16 ', east longitude 118 ° 22 '～119 ° 24 ') is come from geographical position
Saying and belong to typical In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, by SE Monsoon climatic effect, warmer climate moistens, and the four seasons divide
Bright, sunshine is sufficient, and frost-free period is long.Average temperature of the whole year 15.3 DEG C, the highest month samming 28.0 DEG C, minimum month
Samming 2.0 DEG C, extreme minimum temperature-14.0 DEG C.Annual precipitation 1031.3mm.Nanjing spring temperature is gradually
Raising, precipitation is more obvious increase than winter, and weather is changeable, is to have cooling to occur.Semen vignae sinensis is more heat-resisting, the most cold-resistant,
, there is considerable influence date of seeding to Semen vignae sinensis yield.After mid-June, illumination, temperature, precipitation are in rising trend, light,
Temperature, water resource are abundant, and beneficially Semen vignae sinensis trophosome is formed.
It is suitable for ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing planting type in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River accordingly, it would be desirable to a set of.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in one, it is intended to solve mesh
Front In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Semen vignae sinensis planting process uses disposable acquisition full stand difficulty, cold spell in later spring low temperature pair in spring
The impact of cowpea seedling is big, damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging serious, workman's labour cost is high, operate incomplete cultivation technique problem.
The present invention is achieved in that ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods, ripe Semen vignae sinensis in this in one
Kind open country spring sowing implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Step one, soil disinfection: manually will apply in 99% hymexazol and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim mixing fine earth
Semen vignae sinensis field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
Step 2, site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK 40～
50kg, the NPK of NPK are 15:15:15 according to mass ratio；By the 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point
2 times paving executes ground, ploughs deeply 2 times, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
Step 3, ridge culture mode: disposably complete rotary tillage, ridging, thicken Semen vignae sinensis growth mellow soil layer；Carry out cowpea
Plant after bean ridging；
Step 4, covering with ground sheeting: on ridge, spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85
Milliliter/667m2The transparent mulch film of rear covering；
Step 5, under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, use micropore to water；
Step 6, seed treatment: choose full grains, cowpea seed homogeneous, without pest and disease damage is placed on
Dry in the sun in sandbag, then uses small-power ultrasonic Treatment；
Step 7, feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably to do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, organic with fully become thoroughly decomposed
Fertile 4 parts, vegetable garden soil 6 parts, be sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, load bore 6 centimetres, highly 8 centimetres
In nutritive cube, and nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely；Before Bo Zhong, nutritive cube is irrigated
Water, until water ooze lower after, every alms bowl sow 2, then cover Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
Step 8, transplant seedlings: transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；
Step 9, mode of transplanting seedlings: first by seeding row spacing punching field planting.Planting hole is put into after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl
In, water after burying about 1/3 with soil, after water oozes and does, seal hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly,
In order to avoid weed growth；
Step 10, rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
Step 11, transplant seedlings after surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead nylon wire, remove nylon wire after final singling.
Further, in this ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods particularly as follows:
Step one, soil disinfection: by 99% hymexazol 20g and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim 2kg mixing 20kg
Fine earth manually applies 667m2Semen vignae sinensis field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
Step 2, site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK (NPK
For 15:15:15) 40～50kg as base manure；The 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point of 2 paving is executed ground, ploughs deeply
2 times, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
Step 3, ridge culture mode: disposably complete rotary tillage, ridging, thicken Semen vignae sinensis growth mellow soil layer；Carry out cowpea
Sowing plantation after bean ridging；
Step 4, covering with ground sheeting: on ridge, spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85
Milliliter/667m2The transparent mulch film of rear covering；
Step 5, under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, use micropore to water；
Step 6, seed ultrasonic Treatment: choose plant height 3.0 meters, lateral bine begins to spend joint position 4.7 to save, pod length 62.1
Cm, single pod weighs 21.5 grams, sows to gathering tender pod 68.6 days, 28 days collection period, the 96.6 days time of infertility
Cowpea variety；After choosing seed, place it in dry in the sun 1 day in sandbag, then use small-power ultrasound wave
Process；
Step 7, feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably to do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, organic with fully become thoroughly decomposed
Fertile 4 parts, vegetable garden soil 6 parts, be sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, load bore 6 centimetres, highly 8 centimetres
In nutritive cube, and nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely；Before Bo Zhong, nutritive cube is irrigated
Water, until water ooze lower after, every alms bowl sow 2, then cover Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
Step 8, transplant seedlings: transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；
Step 9, mode of transplanting seedlings: first by seeding row spacing punching field planting.Planting hole is put into after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl
In, water after burying about 1/3 with soil, after water oozes and does, seal hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly,
In order to avoid weed growth；
Step 10, rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
Step 11, transplant seedlings after surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead nylon wire, remove nylon wire after final singling.
Further, seed treatment Semen vignae sinensis ultrasonic time is 2～3h, and ultrasonic temperature is 30～40 DEG C, ultrasonic merit
Rate is 50w；After seed treatment, it is placed on after wrapping with wet gauze in thermos flask, holding temperature 24～32 DEG C,
Treat that sowing uses.
Further, in this, the ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods time of transplanting seedlings is April 10～20 days.
Further, rational close planting is under the conditions of medium fertility, and every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain.
Method good effect and advantage that the present invention provides are as follows:
Seed treatment: promote Seed imbibition and sprouting, improves emergence rate；Soil disinfection: soil fungicides and
Soil insecticide granule mixes by a certain percentage, spreads fertilizer over the fields and wants uniformly, effectively to prevent and treat soil-borne disease and subterranean pest-insect；
Appropriate ridging, can be remarkably reinforced the irrigation and drainage ability in Semen vignae sinensis field, especially alleviate damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging at plum rain season；In good time
Transplant seedlings: the low temperature impact on cowpea seedling of cold spell in later spring in spring can be prevented effectively from；Rational close planting: give full play to
Its individual feature in great numbers and advantage.Additionally, the ultrasound wave seed treatment that the present invention provides, shorten seed and sprout
The time of sending out, improving germination percentage, emergence rate can reach more than 92%, it is ensured that one broadcasts full stand；Ridge planting,
Water, heat, vaporous condition can be regulated, alleviate damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, reduce pest and disease damage；Suitably late sowing, avoids Low Temperature in Spring,
Improve cowpea seedling robustness, increase Semen vignae sinensis yield；Covering with ground sheeting, improves drought-relief and rainproof, row
Flood effect, and save weeding cost；Nylon wire is isolated, it is to avoid bird pest and toy kill and devour cowpea seedling, joint
About fill the gaps with seedlings cost.This method is easy and simple to handle, is suitable as middle and lower reach of Yangtze River spring sowing Semen vignae sinensis implantation methods, base
Or plantation family or R&D institution are willing to accept, there is fabulous popularizing application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods flow chart in the offer of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment,
The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to
Explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the application principle of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1: ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods, ripe cowpea variety open country in this in one
Spring sowing implantation methods comprises the following steps:
S101: soil disinfection: will manually apply cowpea in 99% hymexazol and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim mixing fine earth
Bean field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
S102: site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK 40～50kg,
The NPK of NPK is 15:15:15 according to mass ratio；By the 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point of 2 paving
Execute ground, plough deeply 2 times, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
S103: ridge culture mode: disposably complete rotary tillage, ridging, thickeies Semen vignae sinensis growth mellow soil layer；Carry out Semen vignae sinensis
Plant after ridging；
S104: covering with ground sheeting: spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85 on ridge
Milliliter/667m2The transparent mulch film of rear covering；
S105: under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, uses micropore to water；
S106: seed treatment: choose full grains, cowpea seed homogeneous, without pest and disease damage is placed on sand
Dry in the sun in Dai, then uses small-power ultrasonic Treatment；
S107: feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably to do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, with the fertilizer 4 fully become thoroughly decomposed
Part, vegetable garden soil 6 parts, be sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, and loads bore 6 centimetres, the nutrition of highly 8 centimetres
In alms bowl, and nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely；Before Bo Zhong, nutritive cube is watered permeable,
Until water ooze lower after, every alms bowl sow 2, then cover Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
S108: in good time transplant seedlings: sow in spring and transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April；
S109: mode of transplanting seedlings: first by seeding row spacing punching field planting.Put into after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl in planting hole,
Water after burying about 1/3 with soil, after water oozes and does, seal hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly, in order to avoid
Weed growth；
S110: rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
S111: surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead nylon wire after transplanting seedlings, remove nylon wire after final singling.
In ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods particularly as follows:
1) soil disinfection: by 99% hymexazol 20g and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim 2kg mixing 20kg fine earth
In manually apply 667m2Semen vignae sinensis field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
2) site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK (NPK is 15:
15:15) 40～50kg as base manure；The 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point of 2 paving is executed ground, ploughs deeply 2 times,
Fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
3) ridge culture mode: disposably complete rotary tillage, ridging, has thickeied the mellow soil layer of Semen vignae sinensis growth；Rotary tillage is deep
Degree is 20-25cm；Connect ditch 120cm ridging according to furrow face and do furrow, row spacing 80cm, ridge height 35cm, ridge
Spacing 40cm；Every ridge plantation Semen vignae sinensis 2 row, average row away from 60cm, cave away from 30cm, every cave 2 strain, plant
Training density every mu 7000～9000 strain；
4) covering with ground sheeting: spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85 milli on ridge
Liter/667m2The transparent mulch film of rear covering；
5) under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, uses micropore to water；
6) seed treatment: choose plant height about 3.0 meters, lateral bine begins to spend joint position 4.7 to save, the long 62.1cm of pod,
Single pod weighs 21.5 grams, sows to gathering tender pod 68.6 days, 28 days collection period, the Semen vignae sinensis in the 96.6 days time of infertility
Kind；After choosing seed, place it in dry in the sun 1 day in sandbag, then use small-power ultrasonic Treatment；
7) feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, with fully become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 4 parts,
Vegetable garden soil 6 parts, is sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, and loads in bore 6 centimetres, the nutritive cube of highly 8 centimetres,
And nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely, before sowing, nutritive cube is watered permeable, treat that water oozes
After Xia, every alms bowl sows 2, then covers Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
8) transplant seedlings: sow in spring and transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；
9) transplant seedlings mode: first punch field planting by seeding row spacing.Put into after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl in planting hole, use
Soil waters after burying about 1/3, seals hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly after water oozes and does, so as not to miscellaneous
Grass growth；
10) rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
11) surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead nylon wire after transplanting seedlings, after final singling, remove nylon wire.
Ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods method for treating seeds in this, including preliminary experiment processing method:
Different ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power is used to explore optimal ultrasonic Treatment condition difference ultrasonic
Time-triggered protocol: water temperature is 30 DEG C, the output of ultrasound wave is 50W, and frequency is 40kHz, processes the time
For 30min, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, process as comparison (CK) using Seed soaking.Different ultrasonic temperature
Process: the output of ultrasound wave is 50W, and frequency is 40kHz, and ultrasonic time is 2h, treatment temperature
It is 30 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, processes as comparison (CK) using Seed soaking.Different ultrasonic power
Process: the frequency of ultrasound wave is 40kHz, and ultrasonic time is 2h, and temperature is 30 DEG C, and output is 10W,
30W, 50W, process as comparison (CK) using Seed soaking.Result according to this, the optimal ultrasonic time of Semen vignae sinensis is
2～3h, ultrasonic temperature is 30～40 DEG C, and ultrasonic power is 50w.
The method also includes preliminary experiment processing method:
Transplant seedlings experiment: be set to March the period of transplanting seedlings 20, April 1, April 10, April 20 and 4
The moon 30.Density experiment: density is set to 5000 plants/acre, 7000 plants/acre, 9000 plants/acre and 1.2 ten thousand strains/
Mu.Repeat for 3 times, row long 4m, line-spacing 0.60m, 6 row district, community random alignment, normal field management；
Concrete operations are: cowpea variety is Soviet Union's cowpea 3；Using ridge culture plastic-film-covered cultivation, other is with normal field management；
According to this result, the date of most preferably transplanting seedlings is 10-April 20 April, and thickness of sowing is 7000～9000 strains
/ mu.
Transplanting seedlings, in referring to, ripe cowpea variety open country is sowed in spring and was transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；Rational close planting,
Referring under the conditions of medium fertility, every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the application principle of the present invention is further described.
Ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) soil disinfection: by 99% hymexazol 20g and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim 2kg mixing 20kg fine earth
In manually apply 667m2Semen vignae sinensis field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly, prevents and treats Semen vignae sinensis root rot in seedling stage, and reduce cutworm,
Gryllotalpa, the incidence rate of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates subterranean pest-insect；
2) site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK (NPK is 15:
15:15) 40～50kg as base manure；The 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point of 2 paving is executed ground, ploughs deeply 2 times,
Fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
3) ridge culture mode: use medium-sized tractor disposably to complete rotary tillage, ridging, has thickeied the ripe of Semen vignae sinensis growth
Soil layer；The rotary tillage degree of depth is 20-25cm；Connect 120 centimetres of ridgings of ditch according to furrow face and do furrow, row spacing 80cm, ridge
High 35cm, distance between the ridges 40cm；Every ridge plantation Semen vignae sinensis 2 row, average row is away from 60cm, and cave is away from 30cm, often
Cave 2 strain, planting density every mu 7000～9000 strain；
4) covering with ground sheeting: spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85 milli on ridge
Liter/667m2After, ridge covers the mulch film that transparent, width is 120 centimetres, moisturizing can be heated, increase
Soil fertilizer ability, improves soil physical property, management of weeds, reduces pest and disease damage；
5) under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, uses micropore to water；
6) seed treatment: choose plant height about 3.0 meters, lateral bine begins to spend joint position 4.7 to save, the long 62.1cm of pod,
Single pod weighs 21.5 grams.Sow to gathering tender pod 68.6 days, 28 days collection period, the cowpea in the 96.6 days time of infertility
Bean kind；After choosing seed, place it in dry in the sun 1 day in sandbag, then use small-power ultrasonic Treatment.
Preliminary experiment processing procedure includes the following: the different ultrasonic time of employing, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power spy
The ultrasonic Treatment condition that rope is optimal.Cowpea variety is Soviet Union's cowpea 3.The seed cleaned is placed in little tulle pouch,
It is immersed in excusing from death washer (KQ-50DB numerical control excusing from death washer, city of Kunshan has children outside the state plan Instrument Ltd.) water
Below face, ultrasonic pretreatment 5min, removes absorption minute bubbles on seed.The seed every 100 handled well
Grain 1 group is placed in 12cm culture dish sprouting, repeats for 4 times, and two metafiltration paper are seedbed, adds sterilized water and protects
Hold seedbed to moisten.Seed is placed in illumination box cultivation, and Germination Temperature is 25 DEG C, starts record after 24h
Sprouting number, every 24h records once, with the experimental group without ultrasonic Treatment as matched group.
1. different ultrasonic times process: water temperature is 30 DEG C, and the output of ultrasound wave is 50W, and frequency is
40kHz, the process time is 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, processes as comparison (CK) using Seed soaking.
Empirical average result is as follows:
The different ultrasonic time impact on cowpea seed germination rate of table 1
2. different ultrasonic temperature process: the output of ultrasound wave is 50W, and frequency is 40kHz, time ultrasonic
Between be 2h, treatment temperature is 30 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, using Seed soaking process as compare (CK).
Empirical average result is as follows:
The different ultrasonic temperature impact on cowpea seed germination rate of table 2
| Ultrasonic temperature (DEG C) | Final germination rate (%) | Effect |
| 30 | 93 | Promote |
| 40 | 89 | Promote |
| 50 | 78 | - |
| 60 | 72 | Suppression |
3. different ultrasonic power processes: the frequency of ultrasound wave is 40kHz, and ultrasonic time is 2h, and temperature is 30
DEG C, output is 10W, 30W, 50W, processes as comparison (CK) using Seed soaking.Empirical average
Result is as follows:
The impact on cowpea seed germination rate of table 3 different ultrasonic power
| Ultrasonic power (W) | Final germination rate (%) | Effect |
| 10 | 79 | - |
| 30 | 82 | - |
| 50 | 91 | Promote |
Determining that the optimal ultrasonic time of Semen vignae sinensis is 2～3h according to above experimental result, ultrasonic temperature is 30～40 DEG C,
Ultrasonic power is 50w.After seed treatment, be placed on after wrapping with wet gauze in thermos flask, keep temperature 24～
32 DEG C, treat that sowing uses.
7) feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, with fully become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 4 parts,
Vegetable garden soil 6 parts, is sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, and loads in bore 6 centimetres, the nutritive cube of highly 8 centimetres,
And nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely, before sowing, nutritive cube is watered permeable, treat that water oozes
After Xia, every alms bowl sows 2, then covers Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
8) transplant seedlings: late sowing is the low temperature avoiding cold spell in later spring in the spring impact on cowpea seedling in good time.Preliminary experiment ground
Point: 2014 in six directions bamboo town, Nanjing (six directions animal science base, academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangsu Province), experiment of transplanting seedlings: move
Seedling is set to March 20, April 1, April 10, April 20 and April 30；Repeat for 3 times,
Row long 4m, line-spacing 0.60m, 6 row district, community random alignment, normal field management；Concrete operations are:
Cowpea variety is Soviet Union's cowpea 3；Using ridge culture plastic-film-covered cultivation, other is with normal field management.Experimental result is such as
Under:
Note: lower case represents that 5% level difference is notable, and capitalization represents that 1% level difference is notable.Lower same
According to this result, the date of most preferably transplanting seedlings is April 10～20 days.
9) transplant seedlings mode: first punch field planting by seeding row spacing.Put into after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl in planting hole, use
Soil waters after burying about 1/3, seals hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly after water oozes and does, so as not to miscellaneous
Grass growth；
10) rational close planting: preliminary experiment place: 2014 in six directions bamboo town, Nanjing (academy of agricultural sciences of the Jiangsu Province six directions
Animal science base), density experiment: density is set to 5000 plants/acre, 7000 plants/acre, 9000 plants/acre and 1.2
Ten thousand plants/acre；Repeat for 3 times, row long 4m, line-spacing 0.60m, 6 row district, community random alignment, normal field
Between manage；Concrete operations are: cowpea variety is Soviet Union's cowpea 3；Using ridge culture plastic-film-covered cultivation, other is with normal
Field management.Experimental result is as follows:
According to this result, rational close planting, referring under the conditions of medium fertility, every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain.
11) surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead 1m nylon wire after transplanting seedlings, in order to avoid bird pest and toy are residual
Food cowpea seedling, removes nylon wire after final singling.
In ripe cowpea variety open country sow in spring plantation processing method as follows:
1, small-power ultrasonic Treatment seed: output is 50W, frequency is 40kHZ, processes the time
Being 2～3h, water temperature is 30～40 DEG C, promotes Seed imbibition and sprouting；
2, site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Applying the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, (NPK is NPK
15:15:15) 40～50kg as base manure；The 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point of 2 paving is executed ground, ploughs deeply 2
Secondary, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
3, ridge culture mode: after using base manure and soil sterilants, uses medium-sized tractor disposably to complete rotation
Plough ridging, thicken the mellow soil layer of Semen vignae sinensis growth；The rotary tillage degree of depth is 20-25cm；Ditch 120 is connected according to furrow face
Centimetre ridging is furrow, row spacing 80cm, ridge height 35cm, distance between the ridges 40cm；Every ridge plantation Semen vignae sinensis 2 row,
Promote the permeability of soil, improve the efficiency of light energy utilization；
4, covering with ground sheeting: spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85 milli on ridge
Liter/667m2The transparent mulch film of rear covering；
5, under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, uses micropore to water；
6, feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, with fully become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 4 parts,
Vegetable garden soil 6 parts, is sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, and loads in bore 6 centimetres, the nutritive cube of highly 8 centimetres,
And nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely；Before Bo Zhong, nutritive cube is watered permeable, treat that water oozes
After Xia, every alms bowl sows 2, then covers Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
6, transplant seedlings: sow in spring and transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；
7, transplant seedlings mode: first punch field planting by seeding row spacing.Put into after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl in planting hole, use
Soil waters after burying about 1/3, seals hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly after water oozes and does, so as not to miscellaneous
Grass growth；
8, rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
Implementation result: investigation in the 10th day after transplanting seedlings, to more solito, emergence rate is about 81%, per mu yield
Semen vignae sinensis fresh pod 1507.35kg；And using Novel planting method, emergence rate is more than 92%, and results per mu yield Semen vignae sinensis is fresh
Pod 1856.76kg；Emergence rate improves 13.58.67% than conventional method, Semen vignae sinensis fresh pod mu volume increase 23.18%.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all at this
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within bright spirit and principle, should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (5)
1. ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in a kind, it is characterised in that: ripe cowpea variety in this
Open country spring sowing implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Step one, soil disinfection: manually will apply in 99% hymexazol and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim mixing fine earth
Semen vignae sinensis field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
Step 2, site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK 40～
50kg, the NPK of NPK are 15:15:15 according to mass ratio；By the 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point
2 times paving executes ground, ploughs deeply 2 times, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil；
Step 3, ridge culture mode: disposably complete rotary tillage, ridging, thicken Semen vignae sinensis growth mellow soil layer；Carry out cowpea
Plant after bean ridging；
Step 4, covering with ground sheeting: on ridge, spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85
Milliliter/667m2The transparent mulch film of rear covering；
Step 5, under-film drip irrigation: mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, use micropore to water；
Step 6, seed treatment: choose full grains, cowpea seed homogeneous, without pest and disease damage is placed on
Dry in the sun in sandbag, then uses small-power ultrasonic Treatment；
Step 7, feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably to do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, organic with fully become thoroughly decomposed
Fertile 4 parts, vegetable garden soil 6 parts, be sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, load bore 6 centimetres, highly 8 centimetres
In nutritive cube, and nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely；Before Bo Zhong, nutritive cube is irrigated
Water, until water ooze lower after, every alms bowl sow 2, then cover Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
Step 8, transplant seedlings: transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；
Step 9, mode of transplanting seedlings: first by seeding row spacing punching field planting, after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl, put into planting hole
In, water after burying 1/3 with soil, after water oozes and does, seal hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly, with
Exempt from weed growth；
Step 10, rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
Step 11, transplant seedlings after surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead nylon wire, remove nylon wire after final singling.
2. ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that should
In ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods particularly as follows:
Step one, soil disinfection: by 99% hymexazol 20g and 5% chlopyrifos phoxim 2kg mixing 20kg
Fine earth manually applies 667m2Semen vignae sinensis field, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
Step 2, site preparation and fertilization: every 667m2Apply the barnyard manure 2500kg become thoroughly decomposed, NPK 40～
50kg is as base manure；The 2/3 and 1/3 of fertilizer point of 2 paving is executed ground, ploughs deeply 2 times, fertilizer and soil
Fully mixing；
Step 3, ridge culture mode: disposably complete rotary tillage, ridging, thicken Semen vignae sinensis growth mellow soil layer；Carry out cowpea
Sowing plantation after bean ridging；
Step 4, covering with ground sheeting: on ridge, spray soil enclosed type herbicide 96% S-metolachlor cream 60-85
Milliliter/667m2After, cover the mulch film that transparent, width is 120 centimetres；
Step 5, under-film drip irrigation: in mulch film lower berth drip irrigation pipe, use micropore to water；
Step 6, seed ultrasonic Treatment: choose plant height 3.0 meters, lateral bine begins to spend joint position 4.7 to save, pod length 62.1
Cm, single pod weighs 21.5 grams, sows to gathering tender pod 68.6 days, 28 days collection period, the 96.6 days time of infertility
Cowpea variety；After choosing seed, place it in dry in the sun 1 day in sandbag, then use small-power ultrasound wave
Process；
Step 7, feeding block seedlings raising: use nutritive cube suitably to do sth. in advance seeding and seedling raising, organic with fully become thoroughly decomposed
Fertile 4 parts, vegetable garden soil 6 parts, be sufficiently mixed after uniformly sieving, load bore 6 centimetres, highly 8 centimetres
In nutritive cube, and nutritive cube is placed in the seedbed of leveling the most closely；Before Bo Zhong, nutritive cube is irrigated
Water, until water ooze lower after, every alms bowl sow 2, then cover Nutrition Soil 3 cm thick that sieves；
Step 8, transplant seedlings: transplanted seedlings-20 days on the 10th April in good time；
Step 9, mode of transplanting seedlings: first by seeding row spacing punching field planting, after seedling is taken out Seedling alms bowl, put into planting hole
In, water after burying 1/3 with soil, after water oozes and does, seal hole, the mulch film soil around planting hole is buried sternly, with
Exempt from weed growth；
Step 10, rational close planting: every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain；
Step 11, transplant seedlings after surround in Semen vignae sinensis field surrounding and overhead nylon wire, remove nylon wire after final singling.
3. ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in as described in claim 1-2 any one, it is special
Levying and be, seed treatment Semen vignae sinensis ultrasonic time is 2～3h, and ultrasonic temperature is 30～40 DEG C, and ultrasonic power is
50w；After seed treatment, it is placed on after wrapping with wet gauze in thermos flask, holding temperature 24～32 DEG C, waits to broadcast
Plant and use.
4. ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that should
In the ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods time of transplanting seedlings be April 10～20 days.
5. according to ripe cowpea variety open country spring sowing implantation methods in described in claim 1-2 any one, its
Being characterised by, rational close planting is under the conditions of medium fertility, and every mu is stayed Seedling 7000～9000 strain.
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| CN106386091A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 北海市农业科学研究所 | Planting method of cowpea for increasing nutritional ingredient of cowpea |
| CN106386112A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 北海市农业科学研究所 | Cowpea planting method capable of improving quality of cowpea |
| CN108633669A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | The cultural method of ripe short cowpea variety summer open country of overgrowing in a kind of South China |
| CN109089810A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-28 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of continuous cropping implantation methods of not underproduction spring cowpea |
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