CN104160810B - A kind of type of seeding of salt-soda soil Chinese medicine - Google Patents
A kind of type of seeding of salt-soda soil Chinese medicine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine implantation methods technical field, particularly to the type of seeding of a kind of salt-soda soil Chinese medicine: (1) applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and deep ploughing is raked, Ridged plant, control row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90 cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm；(2) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, mean breadth 5 cm of ditch, distance 30cm between centre distance ridge edge 20cm, Liang Ge ditch bottom centre bottom ditch；(4) carry out in two ditches broadcasting sowing or bunch planting on ridge, after planting blinding 1 2cm；(5) black mulch film is covered on ridge.The technology such as the art of this patent is ditched on start toughness, ridge, black plastic mulching, zanjon upper seeding solve the difficult problem that above salt-soda soil plantation Chinese medicine runs into, and especially for granule Chinese medicine seed, provide advanced technical support to salt-soda soil development Chinese medicine plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine implantation methods technical field, particularly to the type of seeding of a kind of salt-soda soil Chinese medicine.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is a kind of salt aggregation, refer to that salinity contained inside soil has influence on the normal growth of crop, according to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the area in salt-soda soil, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 99,130,000 hectares.China's alkaline earth and the formation of alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, thus basicity is the highest, and serious salt affected soil regional plant is little to existence.Salt-soda soil is utilizing in the middle of process, briefly, can be divided into light salt-soda soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline.Light salt-soda soil refer to its emergence rate 70% 80%, its salt content is below 3/1000ths；Heavy saline refer to its salt content more than 6/1000ths, emergence rate be less than 50%；This block middle is exactly that (being expressed as with pH value: slight alkaline land pH value is: 7.1 8.5, moderate saline-alkali soil pH value is moderate saline-alkali soil: 8.5 9.5, and heavy salinized ground pH value is: more than 9.5).
The essentialspecies plant in salt-soda soil is cotton now, and in recent years along with the rapid drop of cotton price, the enthusiasm of cotton grower catches a packet, and therefore the cultivated area of cotton declines year by year.These areas face the baptism of agricultural structure adjustment, and traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment has many to be Salt And Alkali Tolerance and resist saline and alkaline, and therefore developing Chinese medicine plantation in salt-soda soil is new approaches very with bright prospects.Developing Chinese medicine plantation in salt-soda soil and face Three Difficult Issues, one is that salt-soda soil insemination and emergence is difficult, and owing to saline and alkaline impact is emerged extremely difficult, so no matter planting what kind of medicinal material, emerging is all an acid test.Two is management difficulty, after emerging, seedling death phenomenon often occurs, is the most also saline and alkaline impact, and Weeds distribution is also the important ring affecting input-output ratio simultaneously.Three be the seed major part of Chinese medicine be all granule, sowing, emerge and manage on difficulty the biggest.
Existing Chinese medicine seeding technique is suitable for common non-salt-soda soil mostly, and such as Plain, hills or mountain region, soil is substantially neutrality, and seeding method has mechanical planting and artificial seeding's two ways.The seed of the good multi items of Chinese medicine is smaller, if soil moisture content is bad or edaphic condition bad in the case of emerge extremely difficult.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve Chinese medicine plantation in above salt-soda soil exists the technical problems such as difficulty of emerging, survival rate are low, the invention provides a kind of efficient cultivation method being conducive to planting seed, emerging, manage, survive.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
The type of seeding of a kind of applicable salt-soda soil Chinese medicine seed, comprises the following steps:
(1) using sufficient base fertilizer, deep ploughing is raked, mechanically or manually Ridged plant, controls row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90 cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm；
(2) 2 row Chinese medicines, line-spacing 30cm are sowed on ridge；
(3) two row seed furrows, ditch depth 5～8cm, mean breadth 5 cm of ditch, centre distance ridge edge 20cm bottom ditch, two bottom of trench spacing 30 cm are opened on ridge；
(4) carry out in two ditches broadcasting sowing or bunch planting on ridge, after planting blinding 2 cm, during blinding, do not destroy the edge of trench digging on ridge, after planting keep the state having parallel two seed furrow on ridge；
(5) cover black mulch film on ridge, if farther out the row of spacing in the rows broadcast can first covering with plastic film, then rupture of membranes bunch planting on mulch film.
The technology such as the art of this patent is ditched on start toughness, ridge, black plastic mulching, zanjon upper seeding solve the difficult problem that above salt-soda soil plantation Chinese medicine runs into, and especially for granule Chinese medicine seed, provide advanced technical support to salt-soda soil development Chinese medicine plantation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, by reform conventional seed planting mode, carry out Ridged plant by mechanical work, solve the problem that flood is generally afraid of by Chinese medicine.Running into the rainy time can drain flooded fields in time, can also water the season in arid, it is ensured that the problem needing water and draining in Producing medicinal herbs between ridge simultaneously；
2, the harm that salt-soda soil is maximum arrives earth's surface when salt and alkali exactly along with the evaporation of moisture; the sowing seedling on earth's surface does not adapts to or stands severe condition; appearance cannot be germinateed or the phenomenon of dead seedling; this programme is ditched on ridge; saline and alkaline it is evaporated to ditch top along with moisture content; it is effectively protected the seed being positioned at bottom ditch, on high ridge, i.e. realizes " the zanjon upper seeding " of Chinese medicine seed；
3, cover black mulch film and can effectively control the generation of weeds, reduce the recruitment of weeding, reduce the use of herbicide simultaneously, be effectively guaranteed the quality of medicinal material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cultural method ridge of the present invention cross sectional representation.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be better understood from the present invention, further illustrate below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1: salt-soda soil plantation Radix Isatidis
Plantation place: Shi Bahu village of Xi Song township, Dongying City Kenli County
Patented method:
(1) using sufficient base fertilizer, deep ploughing is raked, mechanically or manually Ridged plant, control row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm,
(2) artificial seeding 2 row Chinese medicine on ridge, line-spacing 30cm,
(3) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, the mean breadth 5cm of ditch, centre distance ridge edge 20cm bottom ditch, two bottom of trench spacings 30cm,
(4) on ridge, in two ditches, carry out artificial broadcast's Radix Isatidis seed, after planting blinding 1cm, during blinding, do not destroy the edge of trench digging on ridge, after planting keep the state having parallel two seed furrow on ridge,
(5) covering black mulch film on ridge, edge earth mulch is good.
Contrast method:
By the drilling that carries out of line-spacing 30cm, every one unit of two behaviors, it is ensured that often consistent with the application rate of ridge culture in row, sowing line number is consistent, and the most every two row cover a black mulch film.
Results contrast:
The plantation Radix Isatidis field investigation of table 1 salt-soda soil and yield and quality compare (Dongying Kenli)
| Process | Embodiment 1 | Comparison |
| Emergence rate (%) | 95 | 80 |
| Emerge the death rate (%) in 20d | 0.63 | 12.41 |
| Emerge plant height (cm) after 20d | 12.52 | 5.06 |
| Individual plant average root fresh weight (g) | 132.47 | 30.12 |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 420 | 205 |
| Quality (C5H7NOS content %) | 0.031 | 0.021 |
As can be seen from Table 1, using the Radix Isatidis of the art of this patent plantation at the emergence rate in seedling stage apparently higher than comparison, the death rate ratio in seedling stage is relatively low, and yield and quality is apparently higher than comparison, and exceedes the standard that " pharmacopeia " specifies；The indices of comparison is the lowest, is mainly affected the heaviest by saline and alkaline, and the way that embodiment uses " zanjon upper seeding " to add high ridge efficiently avoid the saline and alkaline harm brought.
Embodiment 2: the salt-soda soil plantation Radix Astragali
Plantation place: Shi Bahu village of Xi Song township, Dongying City Kenli County
Patented method:
(1) using sufficient base fertilizer, deep ploughing is raked, mechanically or manually Ridged plant, control row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm,
(2) artificial seeding 2 row Chinese medicine on ridge, line-spacing 30cm,
(3) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, the mean breadth 5cm of ditch, centre distance ridge edge 20cm bottom ditch, two bottom of trench spacings 30cm,
(4) on ridge, in two ditches, carry out the artificial growth Radix Astragali, after planting blinding 1cm, during blinding, do not destroy the edge of trench digging on ridge, after planting keep the state having parallel two seed furrow on ridge,
(5) covering black mulch film on ridge, edge earth mulch is good.
Contrast method:
By the drilling that carries out of line-spacing 30cm, every one unit of two behaviors, it is ensured that often consistent with the application rate of ridge culture in row, sowing line number is consistent, and the most every two row cover a black mulch film.
Results contrast:
The plantation Radix Astragali field investigation of table 2 salt-soda soil and yield and quality compare (Dongying Kenli)
| Process | Embodiment 2 | Comparison |
| Emergence rate (%) | 92 | 74 |
| Emerge the death rate (%) in 20d | 0.02 | 11.79 |
| Emerge plant height (cm) after 20d | 13.75 | 6.21 |
| Individual plant average root fresh weight (g) | 231.36 | 96.14 |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 267 | 102 |
| Quality (C22H22O10Content %) | 0.0295 | 0.0183 |
As can be seen from Table 2, using the Radix Astragali of the art of this patent plantation at the emergence rate in seedling stage apparently higher than comparison, the death rate in seedling stage is extremely low, and yield and quality is apparently higher than comparison, and exceedes the standard that " pharmacopeia " specifies；The indices of comparison is the lowest, mainly by saline and alkaline affected the heaviest, Radix Astragali fearness flood, the yield and quality of the Radix Astragali is affected very big by excessive rainfall, and the way that embodiment uses " zanjon upper seeding " to add high ridge efficiently avoid the saline and alkaline harm brought with waterlogging.
Embodiment 3: the salt-soda soil plantation root of large-flowered skullcap
Plantation place: Shi Bahu village of Xi Song township, Dongying City Kenli County
Patent puts method:
(1) using sufficient base fertilizer, deep ploughing is raked, mechanically or manually Ridged plant, control row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm,
(2) artificial seeding 2 row Chinese medicine on ridge, line-spacing 30cm,
(3) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, the mean breadth 5cm of ditch, centre distance ridge edge 20cm bottom ditch, two bottom of trench spacings 30cm,
(4) on ridge, in two ditches, carry out artificial broadcast's root of large-flowered skullcap seed, after planting blinding 1cm, during blinding, do not destroy the edge of trench digging on ridge, after planting keep the state having parallel two seed furrow on ridge,
(5) covering black mulch film on ridge, edge earth mulch is good.
Contrast method:
By the drilling that carries out of line-spacing 30cm, every one unit of two behaviors, it is ensured that often consistent with the application rate of ridge culture in row, sowing line number is consistent, and the most every two row cover a black mulch film.
Results contrast:
The plantation root of large-flowered skullcap field investigation of table 3 salt-soda soil and yield and quality compare (Dongying Kenli)
| Process | Embodiment 3 | Comparison |
| Emergence rate (%) | 92 | 73 |
| Emerge the death rate (%) in 20d | 0.27 | 13.39 |
| Emerge plant height (cm) after 20d | 15.17 | 7.16 |
| Individual plant average root fresh weight (g) | 95.18 | 38.64 |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 231 | 114 |
| Quality (C21H18O11Content %) | 9.25 | 7.85 |
As can be seen from Table 3, using the root of large-flowered skullcap of the art of this patent plantation at the emergence rate in seedling stage apparently higher than comparison, the death rate in seedling stage is extremely low, and root fresh weight, plant height, yield and quality are apparently higher than comparison, and C21H18O11Content exceedes the standard that " pharmacopeia " specifies；The indices of comparison is the lowest, is mainly affected the heaviest by saline and alkaline, and the way that embodiment uses " zanjon upper seeding " to add high ridge efficiently avoid the saline and alkaline harm brought.
Embodiment 4: salt-soda soil plantation Radix Codonopsis
Plantation place: Shi Bahu village of Xi Song township, Dongying City Kenli County
Patent puts method:
(1) using sufficient base fertilizer, deep ploughing is raked, mechanically or manually Ridged plant, control row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm,
(2) artificial seeding 2 row Chinese medicine on ridge, line-spacing 30cm,
(3) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, the mean breadth 5cm of ditch, centre distance ridge edge 20cm bottom ditch, two bottom of trench spacings 30cm,
(4) on ridge, in two ditches, carry out artificial broadcast's Radix Codonopsis seed, after planting blinding 1cm, during blinding, do not destroy the edge of trench digging on ridge, after planting keep the state having parallel two seed furrow on ridge,
(5) covering black mulch film on ridge, edge earth mulch is good,
(6) Radix Codonopsis seed demand carries out Seeds preprocess, processing method: with the water seed soaking of 40 DEG C-50 DEG C before sowing, put kind the most while stirring, treat that water temperature is down to non-scald on hand, then soak 5-10 minute, then in dislocation gauze bag, rinse for several times with clear water, whole bag is put on 20 DEG C-25 DEG C indoor sand drifts of temperature, or cloth bag is embedded in sand, sprayed water every 6-8 hour 1 time (gibberellin spraying 100ppm is better), can sow when within about 7-10 days, seed breach shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Contrast method:
Entered seed that same measure processed by the drilling that carries out of line-spacing 30cm, every one unit of two behaviors, it is ensured that often consistent with the application rate of ridge culture in row, sowing line number unanimously, the most every two row one black mulch film of covering.
Results contrast:
The plantation Radix Codonopsis field investigation of table 4 salt-soda soil and yield and quality compare (Dongying Kenli)
| Process | Embodiment 4 | Comparison |
| Emergence rate (%) | 90 | 74 |
| Emerge the death rate (%) in 20d | 0.24 | 15.31 |
| Emerge plant height (cm) after 20d | 15.52 | 6.06 |
| Individual plant average root fresh weight (g) | 89.25 | 35.14 |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 190 | 98 |
| Quality (extract content %) | 59.56 | 48.36 |
As can be seen from Table 4, use the Radix Codonopsis of the art of this patent plantation at the emergence rate in seedling stage apparently higher than comparison, the death rate in seedling stage is extremely low, root fresh weight, plant height, yield and quality are apparently higher than comparison, consistent with common soil-grown situation, and extract content exceedes the standard that " pharmacopeia " specifies；The indices of comparison is the lowest, is mainly affected the heaviest by saline and alkaline, and the way that embodiment uses " zanjon upper seeding " to add high ridge efficiently avoid the saline and alkaline harm brought.
Embodiment 5: salt-soda soil plantation Job's tears
Plantation place: Shi Bahu village of Xi Song township, Dongying City Kenli County
Patent puts method:
(1) using sufficient base fertilizer, deep ploughing is raked, mechanically or manually Ridged plant, control row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm,
(2) artificial seeding 2 row Chinese medicine on ridge, line-spacing 30cm,
(3) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, the mean breadth 5cm of ditch, centre distance ridge edge 20cm bottom ditch, two bottom of trench spacings 30cm,
(4) on ridge, artificial broadcast's Job's tears seed in two ditches, is carried out, after planting blinding 2cm, it is compacted seed, during blinding, does not destroy the edge of trench digging on ridge, after planting keep the state having parallel two seed furrow on ridge,
(5) covering black mulch film on ridge, edge earth mulch is good.
Contrast method:
Entered seed that same measure processed by the drilling that carries out of line-spacing 30cm, every one unit of two behaviors, it is ensured that often consistent with the application rate of ridge culture in row, sowing line number unanimously, the most every two row one black mulch film of covering.
Results contrast:
The plantation Job's tears field investigation of table 5 salt-soda soil and yield and quality compare (Dongying Kenli)
| Process | Embodiment 1 | Comparison |
| Emergence rate (%) | 89 | 76 |
| Emerge the death rate (%) in 20d | 0.14 | 12.31 |
| Emerge plant height (cm) after 20d | 14.59 | 7.06 |
| Individual plant mean fresh (g) | 29.25 | 13.14 |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 321 | 112 |
| Quality (C57H104O6Content %) | 0.59 | 0.46 |
As can be seen from Table 5, use the big grain Chinese medicine seed Job's tears of the art of this patent plantation at the emergence rate in seedling stage apparently higher than comparison, the death rate in seedling stage is extremely low, single-strain fresh weight, plant height, yield and quality are apparently higher than comparison, consistent with common soil-grown situation, and quality exceedes the standard that " pharmacopeia " specifies；The indices of comparison is the lowest, is mainly affected the heaviest by saline and alkaline, and the way that embodiment uses " zanjon upper seeding " to add high ridge efficiently avoid the saline and alkaline harm brought.Therefore the art of this patent is the most applicable for large seed, and reason is exactly that method alleviates technically or alleviates the saline and alkaline direct injury to plant.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention also should not be limited by the examples; the change made under other any Spirit Essence without departing from the present invention and principle, modify, combine, substitute, simplify and all should be equivalence substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the type of seeding of a salt-soda soil Chinese medicine, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) applying fertilizer to the subsoil, deep ploughing is raked, Ridged plant, controls row spacing 110cm, face, ridge bottom width 90 cm, top width 70cm, ridge high 25～30cm；
(2) two row seed furrows are opened on ridge, ditch depth 5～8cm, mean breadth 5 cm of ditch, distance 30cm between centre distance ridge edge 20cm, Liang Ge ditch bottom centre bottom ditch；
(4) carry out in two ditches broadcasting sowing or bunch planting on ridge, after planting blinding 1-2cm；
(5) black mulch film is covered on ridge；
Described Chinese medicine is Radix Isatidis, the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Codonopsis or Job's tears.
Type of seeding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the row of remote spacing in the rows broadcasts first covering with plastic film, then rupture of membranes bunch planting on mulch film.
Type of seeding the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that Radix Codonopsis seed is carried out Seeds preprocess, processing method: with the water seed soaking of 40 DEG C-50 DEG C before sowing, put kind the most while stirring, treat that water temperature is down to non-scald on hand, soak again 5-10 minute, then in dislocation gauze bag, rinse for several times with clear water, whole bag is put on 20 DEG C-25 DEG C indoor sand drifts of temperature, or cloth bag is embedded in sand, sprayed water 1 time every 6-8 hour, can sow when within 7-10 days, seed breach shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
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| CN104663221B (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2017-04-05 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | The method of quick breeding sandy beach Radix Scutellariae on salt-soda soil |
| CN106069140A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-09 | 李海峰 | A kind of Radix Codonopsis high-yield planting method |
| CN106576808A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-04-26 | 应剑军 | Method for planting traditional Chinese medicinal materials in moderate-severe saline and alkaline land |
| CN106717883A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 应剑军 | A kind of method that Chinese medicine is planted in salt-soda soil |
| CN106717939A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 长兴众化生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Zhejiang area salt-soda soil FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China and fruit of Chinese magnoliavine miscegenation |
| CN107231918A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-10 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of ecological production method of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta Chinese medicine |
| CN107736197A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-27 | 甘肃省合丰实业有限公司 | A kind of organic implantation methods of sand culture |
| CN107926449A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-04-20 | 刘占贵 | Play the technology of high ridge plantation lycium ruthenicum in a kind of salt-soda soil |
| CN108314529A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-07-24 | 遵义医学院 | A kind of Radix Codonopsis mill water culture nutrient solution and preparation method and application |
| CN109156108B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-09-09 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment method for soil saline-alkali soil |
| CN112715309A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Simple and efficient method for planting alfalfa in heavy saline-alkali soil and special device thereof |
| CN114145204A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-08 | 承德医学院 | Planting method of scutellaria baicalensis and product thereof |
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| CN101647353A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-17 | 王安合 | Method for cultivating codonopsis pilosula |
| CN103155780B (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2014-09-10 | 青岛农业大学 | Peanut high-yield cultivation method in coastal heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN103733855A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-04-23 | 黄翔 | High-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method |
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