CN114145204A - Planting method of scutellaria baicalensis and product thereof - Google Patents
Planting method of scutellaria baicalensis and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis and a product thereof, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: preparation before broadcasting: sieving, selecting seeds, and winding the seeds to fix plants; sowing: deeply ploughing soil, then fertilizing, rotary tillage, secondary rotary tillage every other day, then ridging, sowing seed furrows in each ridge, sowing in sequence, dropping irrigation belts, covering soil, spraying herbicide, and finally covering a film; pre-treatment: watering after the film covering is finished, observing the ground temperature, pricking holes to release air when the ground temperature is more than 37-40 ℃ continuously for 3-4 days, and uncovering the film when the ambient temperature is stable to be more than 17-20 ℃; growing: after the scutellaria grows to maturity, it is collected and dug. The planting method can obviously increase the yield of the scutellaria baicalensis, improve the uniformity, consistency and stability of medicinal materials, shorten the planting time, improve the effective utilization rate of the land in unit time and promote the planting of the scutellaria baicalensis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis and a product thereof.
Background
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is a perennial herb medicinal plant of the Labiatae, is used as a medicine by dry roots, is one of the common bulk Chinese medicinal materials, and is listed as a Chinese product from Shen nong Ben Cao Jing. The clinical application has been for two thousand years, has the efficacies of clearing heat and drying dampness, cooling blood and preventing miscarriage and detoxifying, and is mainly used for treating warm diseases, upper respiratory tract infection, lung heat cough, damp-heat yellow gallbladder, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, conjunctival congestion, threatened abortion, hypertension, carbuncle, furuncle and sore and the like.
The scutellaria baicalensis is mainly from wild in the past, wild resources are rapidly reduced along with the expansion of an application range and the increase of demand, artificially planted scutellaria baicalensis is gradually developed, but the yield, the quality and the economic benefit are not ideal due to long cultivation years and non-standard technology, and particularly, in order to pursue the economic benefit, the scutellaria baicalensis is dug and processed when the quality of the processed scutellaria baicalensis does not meet the requirement, so that the drug material delivery rate is low, the quality of the processed product is poor, the loss is large, the delivery rate of high-quality products is low, and the vicious circle of the long time is caused, so that the planting of the scutellaria baicalensis is reduced year by year. In order to ensure the development of scutellaria baicalensis, ensure the quality of medicinal materials, shorten the production period and meet the requirements of markets for scutellaria baicalensis, the development of scutellaria baicalensis cultivation technology with synergistic physique becomes a key point and a hotspot which are concerned by numerous scholars.
CN103650803A discloses a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps: cutting the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, using the cut root as propagation material, respectively soaking in 50PPm, 75PPm and 100PPm rooting powder solutions with different concentrations for 2 hr, soaking, and planting according to row spacing of 30 × 32 cm. The cutting propagation method comprises the following steps: using 8-10 cm of stem tips as cutting slips, treating with indoleacetic acid for 3 hours, setting up a shade shed, watering and moisturizing after cutting, wherein the row spacing of the cuttings is 10 multiplied by 6 cm. The survival rate of the scutellaria baicalensis obtained by the planting method can reach more than 95 percent at most, and the planting benefit of planting farmers is improved. However, the planting method needs about 3 years to obtain the scutellaria baicalensis product, and the production period of the scutellaria baicalensis is long.
CN107493904A discloses a scutellaria baicalensis continuous cropping resistant planting method, which comprises the following steps: deep ploughing for 45-50cm after harvesting for a continuous cropping land and before sowing scutellaria baicalensis in the next season, covering with fermented vinegar residue, carbonized lotus leaves and straws after deep ploughing, airing soil, sowing, performing non-detoxification treatment when planting, sowing and breeding are adopted, soaking cutting seedlings in 800-850 times deacetylated chitosan solution when cutting propagation is adopted, and cultivating for 20-24 hours under the conditions of 35-38 ℃ and illumination of 1000-1500lx to realize detoxification, wherein during planting, if diseases occur, the prevention and treatment are performed in time at the early stage of the diseases. The planting method can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping in scutellaria baicalensis planting and reduce continuous cropping diseases. However, the scutellaria baicalensis obtained by the planting method can only ensure the yield of the scutellaria baicalensis not less than the previous year, but further improvement of the yield of the scutellaria baicalensis is yet to be researched.
Based on the above researches, it can be seen that the existing scutellaria baicalensis cultivation technology still has the limitation of long growth cycle, and the yield of scutellaria baicalensis needs to be further improved. Therefore, the planting method for shortening the scutellaria baicalensis cycle and improving the yield of the scutellaria baicalensis is found, and has important practical significance for scutellaria baicalensis cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art and the actual needs, the invention aims to provide a scutellaria baicalensis planting method and a product thereof, and the planting method can obtain high-quality scutellaria baicalensis within 2 years and improve the land utilization rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving, selecting seeds, and winding the seeds to fix plants;
(2) sowing: deeply ploughing soil, then fertilizing, rotary tillage, secondary rotary tillage every other day, then ridging, sowing seed furrows in each ridge, sowing in sequence, dropping irrigation belts, covering soil, spraying herbicide, and finally covering a film;
(3) pre-treatment: after the film covering is finished, watering, observing the ground temperature, and pricking holes to release air when the ground temperature exceeds 37-40 ℃;
(4) uncovering a coating film: when the environmental temperature is above 17-20 ℃, uncovering the covering film;
(5) growing: after the scutellaria grows to maturity, it is collected and dug.
According to the planting method of the scutellaria baicalensis, the uniform and consistent growth space of sowing, seedling emergence and a single plant is ensured by winding and fixing the plants, the ventilation and light transmission in the growth process of the scutellaria baicalensis can be realized by ridging, the single plant can uniformly absorb nutrition and illumination, in addition, the in-situ growth time of the scutellaria baicalensis can be effectively prolonged by film mulching, the nutrition competition of weeds and medicinal materials is reduced, the nutrition effective utilization rate in unit area is improved, and the quality of the medicinal materials is ensured.
Compared with the scutellaria baicalensis products planted on the flat ground, the scutellaria baicalensis products planted by ridging are thicker in rootstocks and higher in fresh weight, and the loss rate of the scutellaria baicalensis products serving as medicinal materials can be reduced by over 10%. In addition, the baicalin content in the obtained scutellaria baicalensis product exceeds more than 20% specified in pharmacopoeia.
The deep ploughing refers to ploughing the irrelevant seeds on the surface layer to the depth of incapability of sprouting so as to reduce the harm of weeds in the field.
The fertilization refers to that fertilizers are uniformly scattered in the field, so that no dead angle is guaranteed.
The rotary tillage means that the applied compound fertilizer is evenly mixed to prevent seedlings from being burned.
The ridge height is ridging height, and the ridging can prevent ponding from appearing in rainy season field, is convenient for dig out the medicinal material when digging.
The interval of each ridge indicates the ridge forming amplitude, ensures that each ridge is ventilated and light-transmitting, reduces diseases and is beneficial to the growth of medicinal materials.
The earthing is to cover soil with proper thickness in the sowing trench, which is generally related to the soil texture.
The covering film is used for covering a conventional mulching film.
The ground temperature and the soil water content (including the relative soil water content and the absolute soil water content) are monitored by a soil water tachymeter.
The temperature of 37-40 deg.C can be 37 deg.C, 37.5 deg.C, 38 deg.C, 38.5 deg.C, 39 deg.C, 39.5 deg.C or 40 deg.C, etc.
The temperature of 17-20 ℃ can be 17 ℃, 17.5 ℃, 18 ℃, 18.5 ℃, 19 ℃, 19.5 ℃ or 20 ℃ and the like.
Preferably, the mesh number of the sieve is 15-18 meshes.
The mesh size is 15-18, and can be 15, 16, 17 or 18 mesh, and the like.
Preferably, the spacing between the twining fixed plants is 2.5-5 cm.
The 2.5-5cm can be 2.5cm, 2.8cm, 3cm, 3.2cm, 3.5cm, 3.8cm, 4cm, 4.2cm, 4.5cm, 4.8cm or 5 cm.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the depth of the deep ploughing is 35-45 cm.
The 35-45cm can be 35cm, 36cm, 37cm, 38cm, 39cm, 40cm, 41cm, 42cm, 43cm, 44cm or 45cm, etc.
Preferably, the fertilization refers to applying 15-35kg of compound fertilizer per mu at the ambient temperature of 13-17 ℃.
The temperature of 13-17 deg.C can be 13 deg.C, 13.5 deg.C, 14 deg.C, 14.5 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 15.5 deg.C, 16 deg.C, 16.5 deg.C or 17 deg.C, etc.
The 15-35kg may be 15kg, 17kg, 19kg, 21kg, 23kg, 25kg, 27kg, 29kg, 31kg, 33kg or 35 kg.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises any one of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or a phosphorus-nitrogen compound fertilizer or a combination of at least two of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or the phosphorus-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and the combination of at least two of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or the combination of the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the phosphorus-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be selected, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably selected.
Preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-20 cm.
The 10-20cm can be 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm or 20cm, etc.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the ridge height of the ridging is 15-25cm, and preferably 18-21 cm.
The 15-25cm can be 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 23cm, 24cm or 25cm, etc.
Preferably, the distance between every two ridges is 1.0-1.5m during ridge forming.
The 1.0-1.5m can be 1.05m, 1.1m, 1.15m, 1.2m, 1.25m, 1.3m, 1.35m, 1.4m, 1.45m or 1.5m, etc.
The height of the ridges cannot be too high or too low, too high resulting in too low an effective land utilization, too low resulting in less than effective land utilization.
Preferably, 1-2 rows of sowing ditches are arranged on the ridging ridges.
Preferably, the depth of the grooves is 5-8cm and the average width of the grooves is 3-5 cm.
The 5-8cm can be 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, 7.5cm or 8 cm.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
The sowing density of the invention is 3.2-6.4 ten thousand plants/mu, preferably 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu.
The 3.2-6.4 ten thousand plants/mu can be 3.2 ten thousand plants/mu, 3.4 ten thousand plants/mu, 3.6 ten thousand plants/mu, 3.8 ten thousand plants/mu, 4.0 ten thousand plants/mu, 4.2 ten thousand plants/mu, 4.4 ten thousand plants/mu, 4.6 ten thousand plants/mu, 4.8 ten thousand plants/mu, 5 ten thousand plants/mu, 5.2 ten thousand plants/mu, 5.4 ten thousand plants/mu, 5.6 ten thousand plants/mu, 5.8 ten thousand plants/mu, 6.0 ten thousand plants/mu, 6.2 ten thousand plants/mu or 6.4 ten thousand plants/mu, etc.
The sowing density is the number of single plants for planting scutellaria baicalensis per mu, and sowing is carried out according to the soil type, the terrain and the soil fertility.
Preferably, the thickness of the covering soil is 0.5-2.5 cm.
The 0.5-2.5cm can be 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1.0cm, 1.2cm, 1.5cm, 1.8cm, 2.0cm, 2.2cm or 2.5 cm.
Preferably, the dosage of the herbicide is 20-200 mL/acre.
The 20-200 mL/acre can be 20 mL/acre, 40 mL/acre, 60 mL/acre, 80 mL/acre, 100 mL/acre, 120 mL/acre, 140 mL/acre, 160 mL/acre, 180 mL/acre or 200 mL/acre, etc.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
The dosage of the herbicide can be adjusted according to the soil type and the soil water content.
In the invention, the watering refers to watering for 2-4 times within 10-20 days of the film.
The watering frequency can not be too high or too low, the too low watering can lead to the seeds not absorbing water and expanding, the seeds can be influenced to sprout, the too high watering can lead to the ground temperature being too low, the sprouting is too slow, the seeds are easy to erode, and the seedling emergence condition is influenced.
The 10-20 days can be 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days or 20 days, etc.
The number of the 2-4 times can be 2, 3 or 4, and the like.
Preferably, the absolute water content of the watered soil is 20-30%.
The 20-30% can be 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, or the like.
The relative water content of the soil is kept between 40 and 60 percent during the growth period of the scutellaria baicalensis.
The 40-60% can be 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, 60%, or the like.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the growing period of the scutellaria baicalensis further comprises water-controlling squat seedling and seedling cutting ventilation operation.
Preferably, the water-control squatting seedling is carried out when the height of the seedling is 15-18 cm.
The 15-18cm can be 15cm, 15.5cm, 16cm, 16.5cm, 17cm, 17.5cm or 18cm, etc.
The water control squat seedling is an agricultural measure for improving drought resistance, and water control is started when the height of the seedling is 15-18cm, so that the downward growth of roots is promoted.
Preferably, the seedling cutting ventilation means that the overground part is cut off and the ventilation is kept when the height of the seedling exceeds 18-20 cm.
The 18-20cm can be 18cm, 18.2cm, 18.4cm, 18.6cm, 19cm, 19.2cm, 19.4cm, 19.6cm, 19.8cm or 20cm, etc.
The ventilation of the cut seedlings can ensure ventilation and light transmission among plants, reduce diseases and promote root growth.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
As a preferred technical scheme, the invention provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving with 15-18 mesh sieve, selecting seeds, and winding fixed plants at a plant spacing of 2-5 cm;
(2) sowing: deeply ploughing soil by 35-45cm, applying 15-35kg of compound fertilizer per mu when the environmental temperature is 13-17 ℃, carrying out rotary tillage by 10-20cm, carrying out rotary tillage for 10-20cm twice every other day, then carrying out ridging, wherein the height of the ridging ridge is 15-25cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1.0-1.5m during ridging, 1-2 rows of sowing ditches are arranged on every ridge, the depth of the ditches is 5-8cm, the average width of the ditches is 3-5cm, sowing, dropping a irrigation zone, covering soil by 0.5-2.5cm, then spraying 20-200mL of herbicide per mu, and laminating;
(3) pre-treatment: watering for 2-4 times within 10-20 days after the film covering is finished, so that the absolute water content of the watered soil is 20-30%, observing the ground temperature, and pricking and releasing air when the local temperature exceeds 37-40 ℃ for 3-4 consecutive days;
(4) uncovering a coating film: when the environmental temperature is stabilized to be above 17-20 ℃, uncovering the covering film;
(5) growing: growing Scutellariae radix, keeping relative water content of soil at 40-60%, controlling squat seedling when seedling height is 15-18cm, cutting off aerial parts when seedling height exceeds 18-20cm, keeping ventilation, and collecting and digging after Scutellariae radix is mature.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a scutellaria baicalensis, wherein the scutellaria baicalensis is planted by the scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the planting method of the scutellaria baicalensis provided by the invention can obviously increase the yield of high-quality medicinal materials of the scutellaria baicalensis, improve the uniformity, consistency and stability of the medicinal materials, simultaneously shorten the planting age from 3-4 years to 2 years, improve the effective utilization rate of the land in unit time, and play an important role in promoting the planting of the scutellaria baicalensis;
(2) compared with the scutellaria baicalensis products planted on the flat ground, the scutellaria baicalensis products obtained by the method have thicker and stronger rootstocks and higher fresh weight, and the loss rate of the scutellaria baicalensis products serving as medicinal materials can be reduced by over 10 percent. Meanwhile, the content of baicalin in the obtained scutellaria baicalensis product exceeds more than 20% specified in pharmacopoeia.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
The corresponding experiment is simultaneously carried out in four different scutellaria baicalensis cultivation bases in the Chengde region, each experiment is divided into 8 cells for parallel treatment, wherein 4 cells are experimental groups, 4 cells are control groups, the area of each cell is 1.4 multiplied by 10m, and the experimental method is specifically shown in the embodiment.
The following examples are presented as follows:
wherein the scutellaria seeds are produced from rhechender. The remaining materials and starting materials are not specifically described and are commercially available from other sources.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving with 16 mesh sieve, selecting seeds, placing the selected Scutellariae radix seeds in a seed winding machine, and fixing according to the plant spacing of 2.5 cm;
(2) sowing: after the soil in spring is defrosted, deeply ploughing the soil by 40cm, applying 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the ambient temperature of 15 ℃, carrying out rotary tillage for 12cm, carrying out secondary rotary tillage for 12cm every other day, then ridging, wherein the height of the ridging ridge is 18cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1m during ridging, 2 rows of sowing ditches are arranged on each ridge, the depth of each ditch is 5cm, the average width of each ditch is 3cm, sowing is carried out according to 4.7 thousands of plants per single plant, then 1 siphon-type drip irrigation zone is arranged below each ridge, 0.5cm of soil is covered, then 60mL of pendimethalin per mu is covered with a conventional mulching film;
(3) pre-treatment: after the film covering is finished, watering for 1 time on the 2 nd day to ensure that the water content of the soil is 24-26%, watering for 1 time on the 8 th day to ensure that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, watering for 1 time on the 14 th day to ensure that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, observing the ground temperature, pricking holes for releasing air when the local temperature is continuously 3 days and exceeds 40 ℃, and then uncovering the film when the environmental temperature is more than 20 ℃;
(4) growing: growing Scutellariae radix, keeping relative water content of soil at 40-60%, controlling squat seedling when seedling height is 15-18cm, cutting off aerial parts when seedling height exceeds 18cm, keeping ventilation, and collecting and digging after Scutellariae radix is mature.
The experiment is carried out in the Scutellaria baicalensis base of Heizhengzhou Hezicun, the Bingchang county, the Chengde city, and meanwhile, according to the current production common mode, flat ground drill seeding is adopted as the contrast for seeding.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.7, the organic matter is 1.11%, the total nitrogen is 0.06%, the total phosphorus is 0.01%, the potassium is 0.91%, the effective nitrogen is 19.1mg/kg, the effective phosphorus is 6.51mg/kg, and the effective potassium is 51.0 mg/kg.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving with 16 mesh sieve, selecting seeds, placing the selected Scutellariae radix seeds in a seed winding machine, and fixing according to the plant spacing of 2.8 cm;
(2) sowing: after the soil in spring is defrosted, deeply turning the soil by 35cm, applying 35kg of phosphorus-nitrogen compound fertilizer to each mu at the ambient temperature of 15 ℃, carrying out rotary tillage by 15cm, carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm twice every other day, then ridging, wherein the height of the ridging ridge is 20cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1.3m during ridging, each ridge is provided with 2 rows of sowing ditches, the depth of each ditch is 8cm, the average width of each ditch is 4cm, sowing is carried out according to 4 thousands of plants per single plant, then 1 siphon-type drip irrigation zone is arranged below each ridge, 2cm is covered with soil, and then 80mL of pendimethalin per mu is covered with a conventional mulching film;
(3) pre-treatment: watering for 1 time on the 2 nd day after the film covering is finished, ensuring that the water content of the soil is 24-26%, watering for 1 time on the 8 th day, ensuring that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, observing the ground temperature, pricking holes for releasing air when the local temperature is continuously over 40 ℃ for 3 days, and then uncovering the mulching film when the environmental temperature is over 20 ℃;
(4) growing: growing Scutellariae radix, keeping relative water content of soil at 40-60%, controlling squat seedling when seedling height is 15-18cm, cutting off aerial parts when seedling height exceeds 20cm, keeping ventilation, and collecting and digging after Scutellariae radix is mature.
The experiment is carried out in the Baikal skullcap root base encamped in Zhang Baiwan town, Hei county, 28390and simultaneously, the sowing is carried out by adopting the flat ground drill planting as the contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: pH value 7.0, organic matter 1.18%, total nitrogen 0.08%, total phosphorus 0.06%, potassium 0.82%, available nitrogen 20.11mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.72mg/kg, and available potassium 48.13 mg/kg.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving with 16 mesh sieve, selecting seeds, placing the selected Scutellariae radix seeds in a seed winding machine, and fixing according to the plant spacing of 4 cm;
(2) sowing: after the soil in spring is defrosted, deeply turning the soil by 42cm, applying 25kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the ambient temperature of 15 ℃, carrying out rotary tillage by 15cm, carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm twice every other day, then ridging, wherein the height of the ridging ridge is 20cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1m during ridging, 2 rows of sowing ditches are arranged on each ridge, the depth of each ditch is 6cm, the average width of the ditches is 5cm, sowing is carried out according to 3.0 thousands of plants per single plant, then 1 siphon-type drip irrigation belt is arranged under each ridge, 1.5cm of soil is covered, then 100mL of pendimethalin per mu is covered with a conventional mulching film;
(3) pre-treatment: watering for 1 time on the 2 nd day after the mulching is finished, ensuring that the water content of the soil is 24-26%, watering for 1 time on the 10 th day, ensuring that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, watering for 1 time on the 18 th day, ensuring that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, observing the ground temperature, pricking holes for releasing air when the local temperature is continuously 3 days and exceeds 40 ℃, and then uncovering the mulching film when the environmental temperature is more than 20 ℃;
(4) growing: growing Scutellariae radix, keeping relative water content of soil at 40-60%, controlling squat seedling when seedling height is 15-18cm, cutting off aerial parts when seedling height exceeds 20cm, keeping ventilation, and collecting and digging after Scutellariae radix is mature.
The experiment is carried out in a Scutellaria baicalensis base of Ma Hu village of four-in Yongzhen county in Chengde city, and the seeds are sowed by adopting flat land drilling planting as a contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter is 1.18%, the total nitrogen is 0.11%, the total phosphorus is 0.08%, the potassium is 0.76%, the effective nitrogen is 21.02mg/kg, the effective phosphorus is 6.85mg/kg, and the effective potassium is 52.41 mg/kg.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving with 16 mesh sieve, selecting seeds, placing the selected Scutellariae radix seeds in a seed winding machine, and fixing according to the plant spacing of 3.3 cm;
(2) sowing: after the soil in spring is defrosted, deeply turning the soil by 45cm, applying a standard fertilizer of 30kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the ambient temperature of 15 ℃, carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm twice every other day, then ridging, wherein the height of the ridging ridge is 15cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1.0m during ridging, each ridge is provided with 2 rows of sowing ditches, the depth of each ditch is 5cm, the average width of the ditches is 3cm, sowing is carried out according to 3.5 thousands of single plants, then 1 siphon-type drip irrigation zone is arranged under each ridge, 0.5cm of soil is covered, then 30mL of pendimethalin per mu is covered with a conventional mulching film;
(3) pre-treatment: after the film covering is finished, watering for 1 time on the 2 nd day to ensure that the absolute water content of the soil is 24-26%, watering for 1 time on the 8 th day to ensure that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, watering for 1 time on the 14 th day to ensure that the absolute water content of the soil is 20-22%, observing the ground temperature, pricking holes and releasing air when the local temperature is continuously 3 days and exceeds 40 ℃, and then uncovering the mulching film when the environmental temperature is more than 20 ℃;
(4) growing: growing Scutellariae radix, keeping relative water content of soil at 40-60%, controlling squat seedling when seedling height is 15-18cm, cutting off aerial parts when seedling height exceeds 18cm, keeping ventilation, and collecting and digging after Scutellariae radix is mature.
The experiment is carried out on the scutellaria baicalensis base of the loess Kangxiang yellow soil Kangcun in the rural area of the Yangde city of the Chengde city, and the seeds are sown by adopting flat land drill planting as a contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter is 1.21%, the total nitrogen is 0.18%, the total phosphorus is 0.12%, the potassium is 0.68%, the available nitrogen is 21.13mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 6.47mg/kg, and the available potassium is 52.49 mg/kg.
Example 5
This example provides a planting method of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is different from example 1 only in that the plant spacing of the entangled seed plants is 2cm, and the rest parameters are consistent with those of example 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out in a scutellaria baicalensis base in the four-in-one Yongzhen Hezicun in the Yangtze county of Chengde city, and meanwhile, according to the current production common mode, flat land drill planting is adopted as the contrast for seeding.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.7, the organic matter is 1.11%, the total nitrogen is 0.06%, the total phosphorus is 0.01%, the potassium is 0.91%, the effective nitrogen is 19.1mg/kg, the effective phosphorus is 6.51mg/kg, and the effective potassium is 51.0 mg/kg.
Example 6
This example provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which is different from example 1 only in that the ridge height of the ridge forming is 10cm, and the rest parameters are consistent with those of example 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out in the Baikal skullcap root base encamped in Zhang Baiwan town, Hei county, 28390and simultaneously, the sowing is carried out by adopting the flat ground drill planting as the contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: pH value 7.0, organic matter 1.18%, total nitrogen 0.08%, total phosphorus 0.06%, potassium 0.82%, available nitrogen 20.11mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.72mg/kg, and available potassium 48.13 mg/kg.
Example 7
This example provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which is different from example 1 only in that the ridge height of the ridge forming is 30cm, and the rest parameters are consistent with those of example 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out in the Baikal skullcap root base encamped in Zhang Baiwan town, Hei county, 28390and simultaneously, the sowing is carried out by adopting the flat ground drill planting as the contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: pH value 7.0, organic matter 1.18%, total nitrogen 0.08%, total phosphorus 0.06%, potassium 0.82%, available nitrogen 20.11mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.72mg/kg, and available potassium 48.13 mg/kg.
Example 8
This example provides a planting method of scutellaria baicalensis, which is different from example 1 only in that the interval between every two ridges of the ridge is 0.6m, and the rest parameters are consistent with those of example 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out in a Scutellaria baicalensis base of Ma Hu village of four-in Yongzhen county in Chengde city, and the seeds are sowed by adopting flat land drilling planting as a contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter is 1.18%, the total nitrogen is 0.11%, the total phosphorus is 0.08%, the potassium is 0.76%, the effective nitrogen is 21.02mg/kg, the effective phosphorus is 6.85mg/kg, and the effective potassium is 52.41 mg/kg.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a scutellaria baicalensis planting method which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that watering is carried out for 1 time only on the 2 nd day after the film covering is finished, the absolute water content of soil is ensured to be 24-26%, watering is not carried out on the 8 th day and the 15 th day, and other parameters are consistent with the embodiment 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out on the scutellaria baicalensis base of the loess Kangxiang yellow soil Kangcun in the rural area of the Yangde city of the Chengde city, and the seeds are sown by adopting flat land drill planting as a contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter is 1.21%, the total nitrogen is 0.18%, the total phosphorus is 0.12%, the potassium is 0.68%, the available nitrogen is 21.13mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 6.47mg/kg, and the available potassium is 52.49 mg/kg.
Example 10
The embodiment provides a scutellaria baicalensis planting method, which is different from embodiment 1 only in that after the film covering is finished, watering is carried out for 1 time on the 2 nd day, the absolute water content of soil is ensured to be 24-26%, watering is carried out for 1 time on the 6 th day, the absolute water content of soil is ensured to be 20-22%, watering is carried out for 1 time on the 10 th day, the absolute water content of soil is ensured to be 20-22%, watering is carried out for 1 time on the 14 th day, the absolute water content of soil is ensured to be 20-22%, watering is carried out for 1 time on the 18 th day, the absolute water content of soil is ensured to be 20-22%, and other parameters are consistent with embodiment 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out on the scutellaria baicalensis base of the loess Kangxiang yellow soil Kangcun in the rural area of the Yangde city of the Chengde city, and the seeds are sown by adopting flat land drill planting as a contrast according to the current production common mode.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter is 1.21%, the total nitrogen is 0.18%, the total phosphorus is 0.12%, the potassium is 0.68%, the available nitrogen is 21.13mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 6.47mg/kg, and the available potassium is 52.49 mg/kg.
Example 11
This example provides a planting method of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is different from example 1 only in that the water-controlling squat seedlings are planted when the height of the seedlings is 10-12cm, and the rest parameters are consistent with those of example 1. The planting method is as in example 1.
The experiment is carried out in a scutellaria baicalensis base in the four-in-one Yongzhen Hezicun in the Yangtze county of Chengde city, and meanwhile, according to the current production common mode, flat land drill planting is adopted as the contrast for seeding.
The basic properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 6.7, the organic matter is 1.11%, the total nitrogen is 0.06%, the total phosphorus is 0.01%, the potassium is 0.91%, the effective nitrogen is 19.1mg/kg, the effective phosphorus is 6.51mg/kg, and the effective potassium is 51.0 mg/kg.
Test example 1
In this test example, the scutellaria baicalensis products obtained in examples 1 to 11 were randomly sampled in 10 th of the middle of the year after sowing, 30 plants were collected in each cell, and the root thickness, fresh weight and individual plant length of each plant were measured (the measurement results were averaged).
Wherein, the root thickness refers to the thickness of 1cm below the furnace end, and the fresh weight refers to the fresh weight of the non-medicinal parts such as the ground seedling stubble, the soil at the root and the like removed after the digging.
The statistics of the root crude measurement results of the individual plants are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in the table above, compared with the control group, the root of the scutellaria baicalensis product obtained by the scutellaria baicalensis planting method provided by the invention is thicker, wherein the root is thicker than 2cm, and the maximum root is 19.18%. From the data of examples 5-11, it can be seen that: the plant distance of the wound and fixed plants, the ridge height of the ridge, the distance of each ridge, the watering times after the film covering and the time of controlling water and squatting seedlings all can influence the root thickness of the scutellaria baicalensis.
The fresh weight measurement results of the individual plants are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in the table above, compared with the control group, the fresh weight of the scutellaria baicalensis product obtained by the scutellaria baicalensis planting method provided by the invention is heavier, wherein the fresh weight is more than 45g, and the highest fresh weight can reach 13.36%. From the data of examples 5-11, it can be seen that: the plant distance of the wound and fixed plants, the ridge height of the ridge, the distance of each ridge, the watering times after the film covering and the water control squat time all can influence the fresh weight of the scutellaria baicalensis.
The root length measurements for the individual plants are shown below in Table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data in the table, compared with the control group, the root length of the scutellaria baicalensis product obtained by the scutellaria baicalensis planting method provided by the invention is longer, wherein the root length is more than 30cm, and can reach 96.9% at most. From the data of examples 5-11, it can be seen that: the plant distance of the wound and fixed plants, the ridge height of the ridge, the distance of each ridge, the watering times after the film covering and the water control squat seedling time all can influence the root length of the scutellaria baicalensis.
Test example 2
In this test example, the scutellaria baicalensis products obtained in examples 1 to 11 were randomly sampled in 10 th of the second year after sowing, 30 plants were collected in each cell, and the tablet wear rate was measured (the measurement results were averaged).
The test method is as follows:
and (3) putting the dried individual plant into boiling water at 100 ℃ for boiling for 1-2min, taking out, independently putting into a moisturizing and breathable jute bag, moistening for 1-2h, taking out, putting into a reciprocating slicer for slicing, airing for 3-5h after slicing, sieving with a sieve with the aperture of 0.55mm, and measuring the loss rate. The loss rate calculation formula is as follows:
loss rate (total number of slices-number of slices not passing through 0.55mm sieve)/total number of slices × 100%.
The test results are shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4
The data in the table show that compared with the control group, the loss rate of the scutellaria baicalensis tablet prepared by the scutellaria baicalensis planting method provided by the invention is lower and can be as low as 6.08%. From the data of examples 5-11, it can be seen that: the plant distance of the wound and fixed plants, the ridge height of the ridge, the distance of each ridge, the watering times after the film covering and the time of controlling water and squatting seedlings all influence the loss rate of the tablets.
In conclusion, the scutellaria baicalensis planting method provided by the invention can obviously increase the yield of high-quality medicinal materials of scutellaria baicalensis, improve the uniformity, consistency and stability of the medicinal materials, and simultaneously shorten the planting age from 3-4 years to 2 years, so that the effective utilization rate of land in unit time is improved, and the scutellaria baicalensis planting method has an important promotion effect on the scutellaria baicalensis planting; compared with the scutellaria baicalensis products planted on the flat ground, the scutellaria baicalensis products obtained by the method have thicker and stronger rootstocks and higher fresh weight, and the loss rate of the scutellaria baicalensis products serving as medicinal materials can be reduced by over 10 percent. Meanwhile, the content of baicalin in the obtained scutellaria baicalensis product exceeds more than 20% specified in pharmacopoeia.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The planting method of the scutellaria baicalensis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving, selecting seeds, and winding the seeds to fix plants;
(2) sowing: deeply ploughing soil, then fertilizing, rotary tillage, secondary rotary tillage every other day, then ridging, sowing seed furrows in each ridge, sowing in sequence, dropping irrigation belts, covering soil, spraying herbicide, and finally covering a film;
(3) pre-treatment: after the film covering is finished, watering, observing the ground temperature, and pricking holes to release air when the ground temperature exceeds 37-40 ℃;
(4) uncovering a coating film: when the environmental temperature is above 17-20 ℃, uncovering the covering film;
(5) growing: after the scutellaria grows to maturity, it is collected and dug.
2. The scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to claim 1, wherein the sieved mesh number is 15-18 meshes;
preferably, the spacing between the twining fixed plants is 2.5-5 cm.
3. The scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 35-45 cm;
preferably, the fertilization refers to applying 15-35kg of compound fertilizer per mu at the ambient temperature of 13-17 ℃;
preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises any one or the combination of at least two of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or a phosphorus-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and is preferably a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
preferably, the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-20 cm.
4. A scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the ridge height of the ridge is 15-25cm, preferably 18-21 cm;
preferably, the distance between every two ridges is 1.0-1.5m during ridging;
preferably, 1-2 rows of sowing ditches are arranged on the ridging ridges;
preferably, the depth of the grooves is 5-8cm and the average width of the grooves is 3-5 cm.
5. A scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the seeding density is 3.2-6.4 ten thousand plants/mu, preferably 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu;
preferably, the drip irrigation tape comprises a siphonic drip irrigation tape.
6. The scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the thickness of the casing soil is 0.5-2.5 cm;
preferably, the dosage of the herbicide is 20-200 mL/acre.
7. A method for planting Scutellaria baicalensis according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the watering is 2-4 times within 10-20 days of the coating;
preferably, the absolute water content of the watered soil is 20-30%.
8. The scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the relative water content of soil is kept to be 40-60% during the growth of scutellaria baicalensis;
preferably, the growing period of the scutellaria baicalensis further comprises water control squat seedling and seedling cutting ventilation operation;
preferably, the water control squat seedling is carried out when the height of the seedling is 15-18 cm;
preferably, the seedling cutting ventilation means that the overground part is cut off and the ventilation is kept when the height of the seedling exceeds 18-20 cm.
9. The scutellaria baicalensis planting method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before broadcasting: sieving with 15-18 mesh sieve, selecting seeds, and winding fixed plants at a plant spacing of 2-5 cm;
(2) sowing: deeply ploughing soil by 35-45cm, applying 15-35kg of compound fertilizer per mu when the environmental temperature is 13-17 ℃, carrying out rotary tillage by 10-20cm, carrying out rotary tillage for 10-20cm twice every other day, then carrying out ridging, wherein the height of the ridging ridge is 15-25cm, the distance between every two ridges is 1.0-1.5m during ridging, 1-2 rows of sowing ditches are arranged on every ridge, the depth of the ditches is 5-8cm, the average width of the ditches is 3-5cm, sowing, dropping a irrigation zone, covering soil by 0.5-2.5cm, then spraying 20-200mL of herbicide per mu, and laminating;
(3) pre-treatment: watering for 2-4 times within 10-20 days after the film covering is finished, so that the absolute water content of the watered soil is 20-30%, observing the ground temperature, and pricking and releasing air when the local temperature exceeds 37-40 ℃;
(4 uncovering the covering film, namely uncovering the covering film when the ambient temperature is above 17-20 ℃;
(5) growing: growing Scutellariae radix, keeping relative water content of soil at 40-60%, controlling squat seedling when seedling height is 15-18cm, cutting off aerial parts when seedling height exceeds 18-20cm, keeping ventilation, and collecting and digging after Scutellariae radix is mature.
10. Scutellaria baicalensis, characterized in that scutellaria baicalensis is planted by the planting method of scutellaria baicalensis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN115536477A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-30 | 承德医学院 | Organic fertilizer special for scutellaria baicalensis and application thereof |
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