CN103155780B - Peanut high-yield cultivation method in coastal heavy saline-alkali land - Google Patents
Peanut high-yield cultivation method in coastal heavy saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a peanut high-yield cultivation method in a coastal heavy saline-alkali land. The technological means series of ditching, field raising, basin irrigation, organic fertilizer increasing, ridging, laminating, sowing, under-film drip irrigation and the like are adopted in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land to achieve high peanut yield in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land. The peanut high-yield cultivation method in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land has the advantages that an underground water level is lowered through the ditching and the field raising, salt in soil is eluted through the basin irrigation, soil fertility and microflora can be increased through the organic fertilizer increasing, and the slat in a ridge can be further eluted, evaporation can be reduced and the surface gathering property of the salt can be eliminated through the ridging, the laminating and the under-film drip irrigation. Accordingly, the peanut high yield in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically a kind of heavy saline- alkali area at seashore high yield cultivation method of peanut.
Background technology
Saline land is huge potential resource, and developing saline land is to bring more land under cultivation, and further develops one of important measures of agricultural production.Approximately there are 1,500,000,000 mu of various saline soil in China, accounts for 26.3% of world's saline soil area, and strand and saline land, hinterland area are larger, and most of saline land is all always in state to be developed.Particularly heavy saline- alkali area at seashore subterranean water level is high, soil salt is high, soil compaction, soil fertility is low, gas permeability is poor, is difficult to produce various economic crops.Peanut is the main oil crop of China and economic crops, along with the increase of population, and the increase of demand, the continuous decline of arable area, grain and oil are striven ground contradiction, and how development and utilization saline land development peanut is produced has great importance.But due to saline land cultivation peanut, emerge lowly, the peanut plant undergrowth after emerging, is difficult to obtain high yield.At present still do not solve the technical barrier of saline land peanut cultivation, yet there are no disclosing of saline land cultivation peanut technical scheme.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of heavy saline- alkali area at seashore high yield cultivation method of peanut.At heavy saline- alkali area at seashore, adopt trench digging raised fields, basin irrigation, a series of technological means such as applying organic manure, ridging, overlay film, sowing, under-film drip irrigation, solve the problem that heavy saline- alkali area at seashore peanut cultivation is emerged difficulty, hypoevolutism, yielded poorly, realize heavy saline- alkali area at seashore peanut high yield, high-quality, efficient.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps: trench digging raised fields, basin irrigation, applying organic manure, ridging, overlay film, sowing, under-film drip irrigation.
The method of the invention, comprises the following steps specifically:
(a) trench digging raised fields: every a salt discharge ditch of 10-30 m excavation, furrow width 3-5 m, makes raised fields top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 1.5-2 m by smooth heavy saline- alkali area at seashore;
(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam, with fresh water, irrigate raised fields, irrigation volume is depth of water 60-300 mm;
(c) applying organic manure: after oozing, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure on raised fields surface under moisture nature is basined irrigation on raised fields surface;
(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging, the high 10-12 cm in ridge, ridge face width 55-60 cm;
(e) overlay film: in the time of ridging, adopt plastic film to cover surface, ridge, and lay irrigate band under film;
(f) sowing: in cultivation sowing season, adopt card punch to punch on ridge, by peanut seeding to ridge, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 30-35cm, after planting earthing seals planting hole in time;
(g) under-film drip irrigation: utilize the irrigate band row under-film drip irrigation of having laid within whole breeding time during soil lack of water.
On the basis of technique scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional cultivation method.
Adopt the method for the invention, compare with traditional bare area cultivation method, simple covering cultivation method, traditional bare area cultivation method can not obtain output on heavy saline- alkali area at seashore, than simple covering cultivation method volume increase 304.5%-328.0%.Cultivation method provided by the invention has been realized the efficient utilization of heavy saline- alkali area at seashore and peanut high yield, high-quality, unified efficiently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 basins irrigation field arrangement structural representation in period;
Fig. 2 is peanut growth phase field arrangement structural representation.
In figure: 1 is raised fields, 2 is salt discharge ditch, and 3 is box dam, and 4 is fresh water, and 5 is washing water in salt discharge ditch, and 6 is ridge, and 7 is plastic film, and 8 is irrigate band, and 9 is peanut seedling.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
(a) trench digging raised fields: every a salt discharge ditch 2 of 15 m excavations, furrow width 3 m, make raised fields 1 top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 1.5 m by smooth heavy saline- alkali area at seashore;
(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam 3, with fresh water 4, irrigate raised fields 1, irrigation volume is 150 mm;
(c) applying organic manure: after oozing, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure on raised fields 1 surface under moisture nature is basined irrigation on raised fields 1 surface;
(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging 6, high 10 cm in ridge, ridge face width 58 cm;
(e) overlay film: in the time of ridging, adopt plastic film 7 to cover 6 surfaces, ridge, and lay irrigate band 8 under film;
(f) sowing: on May 2nd, 2011, adopt card punch punch on ridge 6, by peanut seeding to ridge 6, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 30cm, after planting timely earthing seals planting hole;
(g) under-film drip irrigation: utilize during soil lack of water the irrigate band 8 of having laid to carry out under-film drip irrigation within whole breeding time.
On the basis of technique scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional cultivation method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention, can further embody by lower column data.
Table 1 adopts different culture technique heavy saline- alkali area at seashore peanut emergence rates and output
Culture technique | Emergence rate (%) | Output (t/hm 2) |
Tradition bare area culture technique | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Simple covering cultivation method | 16.7 | 0.88 |
Cultivation method of the present invention | 97.2 | 3.56 |
Embodiment 2:
(a) trench digging raised fields: every a salt discharge ditch 2 of 20 m excavations, furrow width 5 m, make raised fields 1 top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 2 m by smooth heavy saline- alkali area at seashore;
(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam 3, with fresh water 4, irrigate raised fields 1, irrigation volume is 200 mm;
(c) applying organic manure: after oozing, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure on raised fields 1 surface under moisture nature is basined irrigation on raised fields 1 surface;
(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging 6, high 12 cm in ridge, ridge face width 60 cm;
(e) overlay film: in the time of ridging, adopt plastic film 7 to cover 6 surfaces, ridge, and lay irrigate band 8 under film;
(f) sowing: on May 4th, 2012, adopt card punch punch on ridge 6, by peanut seeding to ridge 6, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 32cm, after planting timely earthing seals planting hole;
(g) under-film drip irrigation: utilize during soil lack of water the irrigate band 8 of having laid to carry out under-film drip irrigation within whole breeding time.
On the basis of technique scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional cultivation method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention, can further embody by lower column data.
Table 2 adopts different culture technique heavy saline- alkali area at seashore peanut emergence rates and output
Culture technique | Emergence rate (%) | Output (t/hm 2) |
Tradition bare area culture technique | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Simple covering cultivation method | 20.2 | 0. 93 |
Cultivation method of the present invention | 98.8 | 3.98 |
From above data, adopt cultivation method of the present invention, can the utmost point significantly improve emergence rate and the output of peanut.Adopt traditional bare area culture technique almost can not obtain output at heavy saline- alkali area at seashore cultivation peanut, adopt cultivation method of the present invention than simple covering cultivation method, to increase production 304.5%-328.0% at heavy saline- alkali area at seashore cultivation peanut.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in: can lowering of watertable by trench digging raised fields, by basining irrigation the salinity that can make in soil, obtain drip washing, by applying organic manure, can increase soil fertility and microbiologic population, by ridging, overlay film, under-film drip irrigation, can make the further drip washing of salinity on ridge, reduce evaporation, eliminate the poly-property of table of salinity, thereby realize at heavy saline- alkali area at seashore peanut high yield.
Claims (1)
1. a heavy saline- alkali area at seashore high yield cultivation method of peanut, comprises the following steps:
(a) trench digging raised fields: every a salt discharge ditch of 10-30 m excavation, furrow width 3-5 m, makes raised fields top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 1.5-2 m by smooth heavy saline- alkali area at seashore;
(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam, with fresh water, irrigate raised fields, irrigation volume is depth of water 60-300 mm;
(c) applying organic manure: after oozing, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure on raised fields surface under moisture nature is basined irrigation on raised fields surface;
(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging, the high 10-12 cm in ridge, ridge face width 55-60 cm;
(e) overlay film: in the time of ridging, adopt plastic film to cover surface, ridge, and lay irrigate band under film;
(f) sowing: in cultivation sowing season, adopt card punch to punch on ridge, by peanut seeding to ridge, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 30-35cm, after planting earthing seals planting hole in time;
(g) under-film drip irrigation: utilize the irrigate band row under-film drip irrigation of having laid within whole breeding time during soil lack of water.
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CN105230306B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-12-28 | 山东省花生研究所 | One cultivates peanut under-film drip irrigation high yield water-saving cultivation method |
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CN106358486A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Salt-avoiding cultivation method of irrigation area of Yellow River |
CN106613221A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
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CN111034574A (en) * | 2019-12-29 | 2020-04-21 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Saline-alkali-tolerant peanut seedling stage management method for desertification region |
CN113951076B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-11-11 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
CN114303850A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-04-12 | 广西健美乐食品有限公司 | High-yield low-fertilizer peanut planting method |
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