CN103875404B - A kind of the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improve makees film-covering planting mode - Google Patents

A kind of the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improve makees film-covering planting mode Download PDF

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CN103875404B
CN103875404B CN201410100245.1A CN201410100245A CN103875404B CN 103875404 B CN103875404 B CN 103875404B CN 201410100245 A CN201410100245 A CN 201410100245A CN 103875404 B CN103875404 B CN 103875404B
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soil
salt
peanut
flat
film
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CN103875404A (en
Inventor
张智猛
慈敦伟
戴良香
秦斐斐
丁红
杨吉顺
宋文武
李尚霞
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improve and make film-covering planting mode, including: (a) whole press salt: level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch, fresh water irrigation, irrigation quantity 140~150m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1~2cm water layer 1~2 days;B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, carry out ploughing, applying fertilizer when moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 60%~80%;C () is sowed: using flat planting method to sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave, away from 16~18cm, sows when 0 10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 13~17 DEG C, and planting density is maintained at 13500~16200 caves/mu;(d) overlay film: overlay film on ridge, timely firming.The planting patterns of the present invention makes Development of Peanut significantly reduce to top layer 0 20cm soil salt content after fruiting period, finally achieves moderate, the increasing substantially of slight alkaline land peanut yield.

Description

A kind of the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improve makees film-covering planting mode
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the growing and cultivation technical field of peanut, specifically, relate to a kind of salt-soda soil of improving and spend The flat of output makees film-covering planting mode.
[background technology]
China's saline-alkali soil area about 1.0 × 107hm2, account for the 2.1% of territory total area, account for cultivated area 6.2%, the most still have about 80% to be not yet obtained by, the salinization of soil seriously constrains grain-production and agriculture Industry sustainable development.
Peanut is important oil crops and industrial crops, and peanut oil is one of main source of vegetable oil, flower Life all occupies critical role in Chinese agricultural development and foreign exchange earning.According to this toward statistics and research, China's peanut Area, at about 80,000,000 mu, wherein 80% is distributed on poor rainfed land, almost without peanut cultivation on salt-soda soil. Its main cause, one is owing to peanut self salt resistance ability is relatively low, is not belonging to salt tolerant crop, more without having relatively The kind of strong salt tolerance;Two is that saline-alkali soil district is many to plant Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop cotton, agricultural planting structure Single and more fragile, cotton recruitment is time-consuming in addition, and its cost increase in recent years, price, Benefit Drops; 3rd, salt-soda soil peanut is sporadicly planted, and its cultivated area is less, and planting technology is immature, and salt damage causes Disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling highlights, and yield is the lowest, inferior quality.Therefore, cause salt-soda soil peanut production area little, Technology is low, yield is unstable, and economic benefit, Social Ecology and ecological benefits are relatively low.And peanut economic benefit The light letter of good and management, if improving the peanut planting technology in salt-soda soil, improves its yield, for improvement kind Plant structure, increase farmers' income and ensure that edible oil and fat are respectively provided with safely important meaning.
In terms of agronomic measures, take reasonably to keep away salt measure with raising peanut emergence rate, guarantee seedling full stand together, Finally increase yield, be to ensure that the important channel of salt-soda soil peanut sustainable development.But have not yet to see and can show Write the rational planting patterns improving salt-soda soil peanut yield.
[summary of the invention]
It is an object of the invention to for deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improves Put down and make film-covering planting mode.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that:
A kind of the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improve makees film-covering planting mode, and it comprises the following steps:
A () presses salt wholely: level land before peanut cultivation, carries out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 140~150m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1~2cm water layer 1~2 days;
B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil that soil water content is 60%~80% Carry out soil during soil moisture content to plough, apply fertilizer;
(c) sow: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sowing when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 13~17 DEG C, planting density is maintained at 13500~16200 Cave/mu;
(d) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Preferably, described method comprises the following steps:
A () presses salt wholely: level land before peanut cultivation, carries out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 145m3/ Mu, makes earth's surface keep 1.5cm water layer 1.5 days;
B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 70% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer;
(c) sow: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 15 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu;
(d) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Preferably, described peanut varieties is that flower educates No. 22, flower educates No. 25 or flower educates No. 36.
Preferably, described its fertilizer used that applies fertilizer is: fertilizer 3500~4500 kgs/acre, urea 35~45 kgs/acre, general calcium 70~80 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 25~35 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.5~0.6 Kg/acre.
The invention has the advantages that:
Present invention employs to put down and make film-covering planting mode, fresh water is pressed salt, selection Salt And Alkali Tolerance peanut varieties, covers The biology such as film, the rational application of fertilizer keeps away salt and agronomic measures is kept away salt technology and combined, in making peanut breeding time, and 0-20cm Topsoil soils salt content averagely reduces by 18.16%, compared to the salt-soda soil peanut general planting of flat planting not overlay film Mode, its output increased 18.27%~48.29%, individual plant pod number increases by 2.8~4.4, individual plant full fruit number 2~5, plumpness and kernel percent are respectively increased 2.8%~6.5% and 1.8%~4.6%, it is achieved that moderate, Increasing substantially of slight alkaline land peanut yield.Meanwhile, the method for the present invention is easily controllable, simple, For optimizing saline-alkali soil area agricultural planting structure, the economic benefit and the social benefit that improve agricultural production have Significance.
[detailed description of the invention]
The detailed description of the invention provided the present invention below elaborates.
Embodiment 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental cultivar
Select Salt And Alkali Tolerance peanut varieties flower educate No. 22, flower educate No. 25, flower educate No. 36.
1.2 method
Field plot trial, 0-20cm soil layer soil salt content 0.308%, 20-40cm soil layer soil are set Salt content 0.263%, if flat planting not overlay film is peaceful makees overlay film 2 process, is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Flat overlay film of making:
(1) press salt spring wholely
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 145m3/ mu, makes ground Table keeps 1.5cm water layer 1.5 days, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to The purpose reaching to press salt desalination is oozed under deep soil leaching.
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 70% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer, dose: fertilizer 4000 kgs/acre, 40 kgs/acre of urea, general Calcium 75 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 30 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.55 kg/acre.
(3) sowing: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 15 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu.
(4) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Flat planting not overlay film:
(1) press salt spring wholely
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 145m3/ mu, makes ground Table keeps 1.5cm water layer 1.5 days, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to The purpose reaching to press salt desalination is oozed under deep soil leaching.
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 70% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer, dose: fertilizer 4000 kgs/acre, 40 kgs/acre of urea, general Calcium 75 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 30 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.55 kg/acre.
(3) sowing: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 15 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu.
The same high-yield field of control measures of above-mentioned each process, sowed May 6, and September 24 gathered in the crops, statistics Peanut pod number, not plump fruit number, single fruit number, pod dry weight, plumpness and kernel percent, and entirely give birth at peanut In phase, measure the change of 0-100cm soil profile each soil layer salt content.
2 results and analysis
Pod number under 2.1 Different Ways of Planting
Table 1 shows, salt-soda soil peanut uses the flat planting patterns making overlay film can significantly improve peanut yield, amplification Reach 33.28%.Main reason is that of salt-soda soil peanut tectorial volume increase, on the one hand make first to and the second offside Pod number on branch improves, and two side shoot number of results are average increases by 1.5 and 0.5, and its increase rate is respectively 15.05% and 7.77%;On the other hand, the flat planting patterns making overlay film can make the average increasing of peanut individual plant pod sum Adding 1.5, amplification is 10.27%;Meanwhile, the flat planting patterns making overlay film of salt-soda soil peanut can make individual plant not plump Really number and simple grain pod number substantially reduce, and the range of decrease is respectively 5.58% and 50.37%, finally make individual plant pod heavily increase Add 12.15g.
Table 1 Different Ways of Planting is on peanut pin and the impact of shell development
Plumpness and kernel percent under 2.2 Different Ways of Planting
Salt-soda soil peanut uses the flat planting patterns making overlay film can significantly improve plumpness and kernel percent, test knot Fruit shows, the flat planting patterns making overlay film than the plumpness under local traditional flat work not film-covering planting mode and Kernel percent is respectively increased 3.3%~7.9% and 2.4%~6.1%.
Soil salt content change under 2.3 Different Ways of Planting
Table 2 shows, salt-soda soil peanut is made under film-covering planting mode flat, 0-20cm surface soil salinity Outside having raised except the florescence, remaining growthdevelopmental stage all shows substantially reduction, and with fruiting period and full fruit phase fall Low amplitude is relatively big, respectively 39.53% and 19.49%.The soil of below the 20cm soil layer in peanut time of infertility Earth salt content all shows rising, it is seen then that puts down and makees the important soil that the planting patterns of overlay film makes peanut yield improve One of factor is owing to 0-20cm soil layer soil salt content is greatly reduced, it is ensured that peanut is emerged and pod smoothly Fruit expands the requirement of required soil fertility factor.
Table 2 is flat makees that overlay film is flat with tradition makees not soil profile salt content increase and decrease situation (%) under film-covering planting mode
Embodiment 2
1 method
Field plot trial, 0-20cm soil layer soil salt content 0.308%, 20-40cm soil layer soil are set Salt content 0.263%, if 4 process, all uses to put down and makees film-covering planting mode, specific as follows:
Process one:
(1) press salt spring wholely
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 140m3/ mu, makes ground Table keeps 2cm water layer 1 day, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, makes topsoil soils salinity with water to deep layer The purpose reaching to press salt desalination is oozed under soil eluviation.
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 80% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer, dose: fertilizer 3500 kgs/acre, 45 kgs/acre of urea, general Calcium 70 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 35 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.5 kg/acre.
(3) sowing: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 17 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu.
(4) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Process two:
(1) press salt spring wholely
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 150m3/ mu, makes ground Table keeps 1cm water layer 2 days, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, makes topsoil soils salinity with water to deep layer The purpose reaching to press salt desalination is oozed under soil eluviation.
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 60% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer, dose: fertilizer 4500 kgs/acre, 35 kgs/acre of urea, general Calcium 80 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 25 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.6 kg/acre.
(3) sowing: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 13 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu.
(4) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Process three:
(1) press salt spring wholely
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 140m3/ mu, makes ground Table keeps 2cm water layer 20 hours, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to The purpose reaching to press salt desalination is oozed under deep soil leaching.
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 80% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer, dose: fertilizer 3500 kgs/acre, 45 kgs/acre of urea, general Calcium 70 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 35 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.5 kg/acre.
(3) sowing: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 17 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu.
(4) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Process four:
(1) press salt spring wholely
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 150m3/ mu, makes ground Table keeps 1cm water layer 52 hours, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, make topsoil soils salinity with water to The purpose reaching to press salt desalination is oozed under deep soil leaching.
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 60% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer, dose: fertilizer 4500 kgs/acre, 35 kgs/acre of urea, general Calcium 80 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 25 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.6 kg/acre.
(3) sowing: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 13 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu.
(4) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
2 results
Process one and account for the flat percentage making film-covering planting mode pod dry weight of embodiment 1 to the pod dry weight processing four Ratio respectively 95%, 96%, 70%, 71%, process one, process two make film-covering planting with embodiment 1 is flat Mode is compared, and peanut yield, without significant difference (P > 0.05), processes three, process four and the flat work of embodiment 1 Film-covering planting mode is compared, and there were significant differences for yield (P < 0.05), process three, process four with process one and Processing two to be respectively compared, the most all there were significant differences for yield (P < 0.05), shows that the time pressing salt controls wholely Salt-soda soil peanut is grown to have and significantly affects.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that common for the art Technical staff, on the premise of without departing from the inventive method, it is also possible to makes some improvement and supplements, these Improve and supplement and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. one kind is improved the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield and makees film-covering planting mode, it is characterised in that it include with Lower step:
A () presses salt wholely: level land before peanut cultivation, carries out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 140~150m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1~2cm water layer 1~2 days;
B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil that soil water content is 60%~80% Carry out soil during soil moisture content to plough, apply fertilizer;
(c) sow: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sowing when 0~10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 13~17 DEG C, planting density is maintained at 13500~16200 Cave/mu;
(d) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
The flat of raising salt-soda soil the most according to claim 1 peanut yield makees film-covering planting mode, and it is special Levying and be, it comprises the following steps:
A () presses salt wholely: level land before peanut cultivation, carries out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 145m3/ Mu, makes earth's surface keep 1.5cm water layer 1.5 days;
B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 70% Shi Jinhang soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer;
(c) sow: use flat planting method sow, keep line-spacing 50~55cm, cave away from 16~18cm, Sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 15 DEG C, planting density be maintained at 13500~16200 caves/ Mu;
(d) overlay film: overlay film, timely firming, keep the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
The flat of raising salt-soda soil the most according to claim 1 peanut yield makees film-covering planting mode, and it is special Levying and be, described peanut varieties is that flower educates No. 22, flower educates No. 25 or flower educates No. 36.
The flat of raising salt-soda soil the most according to claim 1 peanut yield makees film-covering planting mode, and it is special Levying and be, described its fertilizer used that applies fertilizer is: fertilizer 3500~4500 kgs/acre, urea 35~45 Kg/acre, general calcium 70~80 kgs/acre, potassium sulfate 25~35 kgs/acre, boric acid 0.5~0.6 kilogram/ Mu.
CN201410100245.1A 2014-03-18 2014-03-18 A kind of the flat of salt-soda soil peanut yield that improve makees film-covering planting mode Expired - Fee Related CN103875404B (en)

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CN105145069B (en) * 2015-09-06 2017-12-05 山东省花生研究所 One cultivates peanut Salt And Alkali Tolerance high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method
CN105794449A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-07-27 山东省花生研究所 Method for raising peanut yield of medium and heavy saline-alkali land by adjusting planting density
CN105794450A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-07-27 山东省花生研究所 Trench culture mulching and planting method for saline-alkali soil peanuts
CN105993487A (en) * 2016-05-26 2016-10-12 山东省花生研究所 Method for improving yield of peanut in moderate and severe saline-alkali lands
CN106358686A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-01 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Method for planting oil sunflowers in saline-alkali land
CN106386123A (en) * 2016-09-12 2017-02-15 山东省花生研究所 Saline and alkaline land peanut planting method capable of promoting emergence of seedlings in advance and ensuring full stand of seedlings
CN106613221A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-10 山东省花生研究所 Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land
CN107801573B (en) * 2017-11-20 2020-04-03 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 Method for accelerating growth of pioneer plant suaeda salsa in coastal reclamation land area
CN110915591A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-27 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Saline-alkali soil peanut planting method based on straw mulching for salt suppression and seedling protection
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