CN104041280B - High-yield Cultivation Method of Winter Cropping Potatoes in Big Ridges, Moisture Conservation and Close Planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for winter cropping potatoes with large ridges, moisture conservation and dense planting, and belongs to the technical field of potato planting. The invention made full use of the climate characteristics in winter in the south and the incidence of diseases, and proposed a new cultivation concept of "large ridge, high moisture and dense planting". At the same time, this technology can realize the effective combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, greatly reduce costs, increase production, increase It is a practical and feasible cultivation method to maximize the benefits of farmers. The invention includes specific field operation steps such as site selection and site preparation, seed potato selection and treatment, fertilization and seeding, soil covering at seedling stage, field management, and harvesting. The technology has the advantages of easy management, low cost, and high yield. The invention adopts important measures such as large ridge and double-row planting mode, soil covering at the seedling stage, high-density planting, etc., to increase the number of seedlings per mu, improve the commodity rate, reduce the green head rate, and achieve the purpose of increasing production and income.

Description

High-yield Cultivation Method of Winter Cropping Potatoes in Big Ridges, Moisture Conservation and Close Planting

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of potato planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for winter cropping potatoes with large ridges, moisture conservation and dense planting.

Background technique

Potato is a food and vegetable crop widely grown all over the world. The country actively implements the potato development strategy, and establishes the development of the potato industry as an important measure to promote farmers in alpine mountainous areas to get rid of poverty, increase income, and become well-off. In recent years, winter-cropped potatoes have developed rapidly in the southern region. Potatoes are sold off-season with high prices and good benefits, and have attracted great attention from farmers and the government. However, due to the backwardness of traditional cultivation techniques, the yield of winter-cropped potatoes is low, with an average of about 2,500 kg, far below the level of developed countries, and the commodity rate is low, which directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. At present, cultivation techniques have become constraints for winter cropping An important bottleneck in potato development. Therefore, it is of great significance to accelerate the research on high-yield cultivation technology of winter potatoes, realize the integrated innovation of existing technologies, and improve the overall production capacity and production level of winter potatoes. At the same time, the south is located in the tropics and subtropics for more than one year of cropping, with sufficient light and heat; in winter, the climate is relatively dry, and the occurrence of diseases is relatively light, which is suitable for high-density planting. Therefore, the invention optimizes the cultivation method in combination with the unique climate conditions in winter, which has significant innovation in the field of high-yield cultivation technology research of winter cropped potatoes, and is of great significance to farmers' increase in production and income.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for winter cropping potatoes with large ridges, moisture conservation and dense planting. production and commodity rates.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for winter cropping potatoes with large ridges, moisture conservation and dense planting, the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Land selection and preparation: Select a sandy loam block with suitable climate, sufficient water source, loose and slightly acidic structure, plow the land with a large tractor, and then use a micro tillage machine to open the ditch, and cultivate it in a double-row cultivation method with large ridges. The distance between the ridges is 1.2m, the maximum row spacing is 80cm, the small row spacing is 40cm, 2 rows of potatoes are planted on the ridge, and the row spacing is 20cm;

Step 2. Seed potato selection and treatment: select early-maturity, high-yield, high-quality virus-free seed potatoes, cut potato pieces larger than 100g 2-3 days before sowing, and keep each potato piece with 1-2 bud eyes ;

Step 3. Fertilize and sow: apply organic fertilizer 1.5 tons/mu and seed fertilizer in the planting ditch, place the seeds at a plant spacing of 20cm after applying the fertilizer, and then cover with soil 8-10cm;

Step 4, covering soil at the seedling stage: when the emergence rate reaches 40-50%, cover the potato seedlings with 5 cm of soil;

Step 5. Field management: Water about 12 days after the potatoes are sown. For example, place the drip irrigation belt between the two rows of potatoes with a dropper and keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60-65%. Humidity and climate conditions should be properly irrigated and topdressed in time. The frequency of irrigation for full growth is about 10 times, and the frequency of topdressing is about 4 times;

Step 6. Harvesting: When the stems and leaves of the potato plants turn yellow and the growth period reaches more than 110 days, harvest in time.

Further, in the first step, the planting density is about 5500 plants per mu.

Further, Lishu No. 6 is selected as the seed potato in the second step.

Further, in the step three, the seed fertilizer is: compound fertilizer 15:15:1520kg/mu, potassium sulfate 16kg/mu, urea: 10kg/mu.

Further, in the step 4 covering soil at the seedling stage, when the plant height of the seedlings reaches 10 cm after the first soil covering, the seedlings are covered with soil 5 cm again.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the high-yield cultivation method for winter cropping potatoes in large ridges, moisture conservation and dense planting of the present invention are: (1) adopting a large ridge double-row cultivation method, which is convenient for agronomic operation and field management, is suitable for large-scale planting, and is convenient for integration with agricultural machinery operation combined.

(2) Covering soil at the potato seedling stage can increase soil temperature, maintain soil moisture, improve the microenvironment of potato plants, increase the commodity rate, reduce the green head rate, and achieve the effect of increasing production.

(3) Reasonably increase the planting density. The planting density of 5,500 plants per mu is an important innovation in potato winter cropping areas, which can effectively ensure the number of seedlings to increase production.

detailed description

The scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for winter cropping potatoes with large ridges, moisture conservation and dense planting, comprising the steps of:

(1) Land selection and land preparation: Select a sandy loam block with a suitable climate, sufficient water source, loose and slightly acidic structure, plow the land with a large tractor, and then use a micro tillage machine to open the ditch, and adopt a double-row cultivation method with large ridges, and the distance between the ridges is 1.2m , with a large row spacing of 80cm and a small row spacing of 40cm, 2 rows of potatoes are planted on the ridge with a plant spacing of 20cm, and the planting density per acre reaches 5558 plants;

(2) Seed potato selection and treatment: select early-maturity, high-yield, and high-quality virus-free seed potato Lishu No. 6, and cut potato pieces larger than 100g into pieces 2-3 days before sowing, keeping each potato piece with 1 -2 bud eyes;

(3) Fertilization and sowing: Apply organic fertilizer 1.5 tons/mu and seed fertilizer (compound fertilizer 15:15:1520kg/mu, potassium sulfate 16kg/mu, urea: 10kg/mu) in the planting ditch, press 20cm after applying fertilizer The distance between the plants is planted, and then the soil is covered with 8-10cm;

(4) covering soil at the seedling stage: when the emergence rate reached 45%, the potato seedlings were covered with soil 5cm, and when the plant height of the seedlings after covering the soil reached 10cm, the seedlings were covered with soil 5cm again;

(5) Field management: drip irrigation is carried out about 12 days after the potatoes are sown, and the relative soil humidity is kept at 65%. The frequency of irrigation for full growth is about 10 times, and the frequency of topdressing is about 4 times;

(6) Harvesting: Harvest when the stems and leaves of the potato plants have turned yellow and the growth period reaches 115 days.

In 2012, the production of this method reached 5.5 tons in the planting experimental area of Jianshui County, Yunnan Province, 4.4 tons in the Shiping experimental area, and 4.3 tons in the Shuangjiang experimental area. In 2013, Yunfeng Village, Shuangjiang County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province conducted a 100-mu demonstration and a 1000-mu demonstration. The yield was nearly 1,000 kg/mu higher than farmers’ traditional planting, with an average yield of 3,500 kg/mu, and farmers’ income increased by nearly 3,000 yuan. This technology has been widely recognized by farmers, and they spontaneously adopt this technology for planting. Within one year, farmers spontaneously planted nearly a thousand acres, which has good promotion value.

Table 12012 adopts the method of the present invention and traditional cultivation method to plant the comparison result of potato output in different places in Yunnan Province

Table 2 Shuangjiang County, Yunnan Province in 2013 adopts the method field demonstration comparison result of the present invention

The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements that do not come to mind through creative work shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (2)

1. the winter makes a potato large ridge soil moisture conservation dense planting high-yield cultivating method, and it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:

Step one, selection of land and whole: select benign climate, have abundant water resources, the sandy loam plot of short texture slant acidity, ditch with mini-size tillage machine again after plowing with large sized tractor, double rows on a big ridge cultivation mode is adopted to cultivate, row spacing is 1.2m, wide row space is 80cm, and little line-spacing is 40cm, ridge is planted 2 row potatos, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and planting density is 5500 strain every mu;

Step 2, potato seed are selected and process: select virus-free seed potato, the potato block being greater than 100g was carried out stripping and slicing process in 2-3 days before broadcasting, keep each potato block to have 1-2 eye; No. 6, beautiful potato is selected in potato seed;

Step 3, ferti-seeding: organic fertilizer 1.5 tons/mu and seed manure in plantation ditch, press 20cm spacing in the rows pendulum kind, then earthing 8-10cm after Shi Haofei; Seed manure is: composite fertilizer 15:15:1520kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 16kg/ mu, urea: 10kg/ mu;

Step 4, seedling stage covering: when emergence rate reaches 40-50%, carry out earthing 5cm to potato set;

Step 5, field management: within after potato sowing about 12 days, water, as adopted dropper mode, irrigate band is placed in the middle of two row potatos, keep relative moisture of the soil at 60-65%, carry out Rational Irrigation in time according to the humidity conditions of the growing state of seedling, soil, weather conditions after emerging and topdress, full fertility frequency of irrigation is at about 10 times, and the number of times that topdresses is at about 4 times;

Step 6, results: when potato plant cauline leaf turns yellow, reach more than 110 days breeding time, gather in the crops in time.

2. the winter according to claim 1 makes potato large ridge soil moisture conservation dense planting high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in described step 4 seedling stage covering, when after earthing first, the plant height of seedling reaches 10cm, again to its seedling earthing 5cm.