CN103518511A

CN103518511A - Method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN103518511A
Application number: CN201310479929.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈娜; 禹山林; 杨庆利; 迟晓元; 潘丽娟; 陈明娜; 王通; 王冕; 杨珍
Original assignee: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Current assignee: Shandong Peanut Research Institute
Priority date: 2013-10-15
Filing date: 2013-10-15
Publication date: 2014-01-22
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-15
Also published as: CN103518511B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps that the peanuts are planted in land parcels with soil salinity of 0.2%-0.3%, with flat terrain, above medium soil fertility and with even fertility; broad irrigation is carried out before seeding, then low ridges are dug, film mulching and seeding are carried out, and the peripheries of the low edges are covered with high soil. By changing the planting mode, the peanuts can grow in the land parcels with the soil salinity of 0.2%-0.3%, a high yield is obtained, and the method is of great importance in effectively utilizing the increasing saline-alkali soil of our country and expanding the planting area of the peanuts.

Description

A kind of saline land peanut cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to saline land peanut cultivation method, belong to peanut cultivation technical field.

Background technology

China is grease oil plant demand big country, although domestic vegetable seed, peanut and soybean yields are all positioned at prostatitis, the world, the demand of domestic sustainable growth increases China's oil plant and grease import volume year by year.Compare other oil crop, peanut has following advantage: production scale is large, planting benefit is high, produce oil efficiency is high, oil quality good, international competitiveness is strong etc.50% left and right that the total product of China's peanut approximately 1500 Wan Dun，Zhan China oil crop always produce at present.In recent years, along with China's edible oil demand is constantly soaring, oil crop cultivated area continuous decrease, peanut industry is ensureing that China's edible vegetable oil supply respect more and more shows obvious advantage and development potentiality, the production of peanut is also subject to increasing attention, and the gross yield that improves peanut becomes the important channel that solves China's oil resource anxiety.

Peanut always produces to improve and depends on the raising of unit yield and the expansion of cultivated area, but the contradiction on ground just must appear striving with cereal crops in peanut cultivation enlarged areas, and this is also to affect China's peanut always to produce and increase distinct issues.One of countermeasure addressing this problem is exactly to cultivate salt tolerant new peanut variety, makes peanut can in the more serious area of the soil salinization, plant and reach certain output, and this is for the cultivated area that expands peanut, and the output that improves peanut is significant.

The soil salinization is the serious problems that affect agricultural production and ecotope.According to Second National soil survey information statistics China saline soil area of Ministry of Agriculture's tissue, be 5.2 hundred million mu and do not comprise coastal tidal.Wherein 1299.91 ten thousand mu of all kinds of salinization of 2.4 hundred million mu of alkaline earths of solonchak, alkali-affected soil are 2.7 hundred million mu.The 100000000 mu of left and right that have of plantation in 5.2 hundred million mu of saline soil, have been opened up wasteland.Still there are 2.6 hundred million mu of potential salinization soils in left and right in China according to estimates.How making full use of these saline lands is mankind's key subjects in the urgent need to address.

At present saline land Ridged plant method is Chinese cabbage, existing report in the various crop such as corn and fruit tree, and according to the difference of plant self-characteristic and growth characteristic, the planting patternss such as row spacing, ridge height are difference to some extent also.For example, during growth of Chinese cabbage, first ridging, ditching plantation again on ridge; Fruit tree is when plantation, and after ridging, ditching is planted, and planting depth will be more than 50cm.Visible for different plants, Ridged plant mode has obvious difference.And in peanut, not yet have a report of the plantation of low ridge on saline land.

The peanut saline land implantation methods of this research invention, according to peanut self growth characteristics and planting type, adopts the planting patterns of low ridge overlay film, and peanut is in the growth of low ridge place, and the high soil of surrounding draws salt and assembles, and makes the peanut salt of can hiding keep away alkali, favourable surviving.Simultaneously larger by cladding thickness, the good mulch film of quality, makes mulch film in peanut late growing stage, maintain more complete state, can effectively prevent that rainwater is directly seeped into peanut root and produces salt damage effect during rainy season.The application of this implantation methods can make peanut normal growth approach normal volume almost in the saline land of salinity 0.2%-0.3%.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide and be applicable to peanut at the planting type of saline land plantation.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following steps:

At soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, more than soil fertility is medium, and the plantation of Shang Fen community, the uniform plot of fertility.Before sowing, first use broad irrigation, then dig low ridge mulch sowing, and be covered with high soil in low ridge surrounding.Specifically, described method is as follows:

(1) at soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, more than soil fertility is medium, and the plantation of Shang Fen community, the uniform plot of fertility.Every community 2 row, a ridge.Long 3.3 meters of cell row, wide 1.2 meters;

(2) before sowing, first use broad irrigation, then dig low ridge planting.0.8 meter of low row spacing, plants two row on ridge, 15 centimetres of cave distances, 2, every cave;

(3) covering with plastic film on low ridge after planting, ground film thickness 0.015mm;

(4) after overlay film, in low ridge surrounding, cover high soil, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.

Preferably, the soil salt concentration described in step (1) is at 0.2%-0.3%.Plantation ，Mei community, minute community only has a ridge.

Preferably, the planting patterns of low ridge plantation, 0.8 meter of row spacing are dug in the described employing of step (2).

Preferably, after the described plantation of step (3), the thickness of covering with plastic film is 0.015mm.

Preferably, after the described low ridge film-covering planting of step (4), low ridge surrounding is covered high soil, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.

Embodiment

embodiment 1

In Dongying saline land salt content, be about on 0.31% plot, plantation peanut, kind educates 21 for flower.Divide plantation one ridge, ，Mei community, community, before plantation, first use broad irrigation, then play low ridge plantation, 0.8 meter of row spacing, long 3.3 meters of ridge, Liang Hang， cave, every ridge is apart from 15 centimetres, and two, every cave, after planting covers 0.015mm mulch film.After overlay film, in ridge surrounding, cover high soil, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.Planting altogether 3 communities repeats as three times.Contrast is educated 21 for flower and is normally played high ridge plantation, first uses broad irrigation before plantation, and after planting, ridge surrounding does not cover height soil, long 3.3 meters of ridge, and every ridge kind two row, cave is apart from 15 centimetres, and two, every cave, after planting covers 0.007mm common ground film, and planting three ridge culture is to repeat for three times.Species test harvest time data are as follows: the average stem of alley film-covering planting pattern peanut high is 45.8 centimetres, long 50.4 centimetres of side shoot, and 11 of average branch numbers, 9.8 of Fruit branchs, average yield is about 301.67 kilograms; The average stem of contrast peanut is high is 35.5 centimetres, long 40.0 centimetres of side shoot, and 9.1 of average branch numbers, 7.33 of Fruit branchs, average yield is about 233.66 kilograms.Result shows low ridge overlay film, and the cropping pattern that ridge surrounding is covered high soil is obviously better than the normal cropping pattern of peanut. embodiment 2

In Dongying saline land salt content, be about on 0.29% plot, plantation peanut, kind educates 24 for flower.Divide plantation one ridge, ，Mei community, community, before plantation, first use broad irrigation, then play low ridge plantation, 0.8 meter of row spacing, long 3.3 meters of ridge, Liang Hang， cave, every ridge is apart from 15 centimetres, and two, every cave, after planting covers 0.015mm mulch film.After overlay film, in ridge surrounding, cover high soil, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.Planting altogether 3 communities repeats as three times.Contrast is educated 24 for flower and is normally played high ridge plantation, first uses broad irrigation before plantation, and after planting, ridge surrounding does not cover height soil, long 3.3 meters of ridge, and every ridge kind two row, cave is apart from 15 centimetres, and two, every cave, after planting covers 0.007mm common ground film, and planting three ridge culture is to repeat for three times.Species test harvest time data are as follows: the average stem of alley film-covering planting pattern peanut high is 54.0 centimetres, long 62.3 centimetres of side shoot, and 7 of average branch numbers, 6.17 of Fruit branchs, average yield is about 238.13 kilograms; The average stem of contrast peanut is high is 40.7 centimetres, long 47.7 centimetres of side shoot, and 9.8 of average branch numbers, 7.0 of Fruit branchs, average yield is about 188.96 kilograms.Result shows low ridge overlay film, and the cropping pattern that ridge surrounding is covered high soil is obviously better than the normal cropping pattern of peanut.

Claims

1. a saline land peanut cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

(1) at soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, more than soil fertility is medium, and plantation ，Mei community, Shang Fen community, the uniform plot of fertility 2 row, a ridge, long 3.3 meters of cell row, wide 1.2 meters;

(2) before sowing, first use broad irrigation, then dig low ridge planting,

0.8 meter of low row spacing, plants two row on ridge, 15 centimetres of cave distances, 2, every cave;

2. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 peanut cultivation method, is characterized in that, the described soil salt concentration of step (1) only has a ridge in plantation ，Mei community, 0.2%-0.3% ，Fen community.

3. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 peanut cultivation method, is characterized in that, adopts the planting patterns of digging low ridge plantation, 0.8 meter of row spacing in step (2).

4. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 peanut cultivation method, is characterized in that, in step (3), after plantation, the thickness of covering with plastic film is 0.015mm.

5. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 peanut cultivation method, is characterized in that, in step (4), after low ridge film-covering planting, low ridge surrounding is covered high soil, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.