CN102630451A - Method for planting cotton on low waterlogged saline-alkali land - Google Patents
Method for planting cotton on low waterlogged saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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- CN102630451A CN102630451A CN2012100934106A CN201210093410A CN102630451A CN 102630451 A CN102630451 A CN 102630451A CN 2012100934106 A CN2012100934106 A CN 2012100934106A CN 201210093410 A CN201210093410 A CN 201210093410A CN 102630451 A CN102630451 A CN 102630451A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting cotton on a low waterlogged saline-alkali land, which includes making large ridges before seeding; planting a row of cotton in the middle of each of slopes on two sides of each large ridge; and keeping low salt content and suitable water content for soil in a middle root area of each slope of the large ridge by gathering salt at ridge tops and draining water via furrows, thereby lessening cotton salt damage for the cotton and avoiding waterlog. Each large ridge in an arc shape is about 40cm in height and 160cm in bottom width. Using the method can effectively relieve salt damage and waterlog of the low waterlogged saline-alkali land and promote the cotton to germinate, grow seedlings and develop, and generally yield increase is more than 15%. The method is simple, practical, and not only applicable to cotton planting on low waterlogged saline-alkali lands, but also planting of other crops on the low waterlogged saline-alkali lands.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cotton planting method, be specially, respectively plant the delegation cotton, not only alleviated salt damage but also avoided the low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging at middle part, the slope of Da Long both sides through ridge polysalt, furrow draining.
Background technology
China at first by the beginning of reclaiming wasteland, has carried out ditching salt discharge (alkali), diversion irrigation to the development and use in saline land subsequently, and plants measures improvement saline lands such as rice, tree planting and raising, has promoted the development and use in saline land.But also brought many serious problems, main performance is that the past is many to the development and use in saline land to be main with engineering measure, and depends on the serious consumption to freshwater resources.Though engineering measure is necessary to the development and use in saline land; But undue rely on the huge engineering measure of investment and to the consumption of freshwater resources; Do not met the developing direction that reaches at present from now on; And plant cotton for the saline land in engineering measure and established the quite today on basis, will be through the innovation and the application of agronomy planting technology in the effect of the engineering measure of bringing into play to a greater extent.
Cotton is economic crops important on the saline land.For a long time, the exploration of alkaline land cotton agronomy planting technology was never stopped, the current methods such as flat work, trench culture, the plantation of ditch furrow that mainly contain, its purpose and effect all are to hide or alleviate the soil salt damage.The beach saline land area is big, soil salt content is high, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high and buried depth is superficial; Especially the saline-alkali wetland cotton field of impeded drainage; Cotton receives the dual harm of salt damage and damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging; Cause low-lying waterlogging saline land to plant cotton Cheng Miaonan, be short of seedling that disconnected ridge is serious, growth retardation, output reduces.Current, although alkaline land cotton general planting method has the good result that alleviates or hide the soil salt damage, can not only alleviate salt damage but also alleviate waterlogging harm simultaneously, can not satisfy low-lying waterlogging saline land and plant cotton needs.Therefore, set up and a kind ofly not only effectively alleviated salt damage simultaneously but also avoid the low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton kind novel method for planting of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency of general planting method, a kind of cotton salt damage that both effectively alleviated is provided, avoid the kind novel method for planting of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging simultaneously again.This method is fully used the soil water salt characteristics of motion; Through ridge polysalt, furrow draining; Directional induction soil salt and moisture difference distribute; Make the lower salt content of the cotton root area soil conservation of slope middle part plantation of Da Long both sides, suitable moisture, promptly a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method is called for short slope, big ridge planting method.This method can guarantee that low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton is emerged, full stand and normal growth are grown, and the cotton planting percent improves 20～30 percentage points, reaches and broadcasts full stand, and per unit area yield improves more than 15%, the realization good quality and high output.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method; It is characterized in that, play big ridge before the sowing, respectively plant the delegation cotton at the middle part, slope of Da Long both sides; Through ridge polysalt, furrow draining; Make middle part, slope, big ridge root region soil keep lower salt content, suitable moisture, realize both having alleviated the cotton salt damage, avoid damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging simultaneously again.
May further comprise the steps:
(1) plays big ridge
An amount of fresh water (600 ± 50m is irritated in sowing 30～35 days before
3/ hm
2) press salt, treat to plough when soil moisture content is suitable, rake the soil level, make ground smooth.North and South direction plays big ridge, plays big ridge and applies fertilizer to concentrating in the position that is about to push up as the ridge along the ridge before, and controlled release is fertile to be combined with quick-acting fertilizer; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer cooperate; Bar applies below the topsoil 10cm, plays big ridge by specification requirement then, and concrete specification is big ridge high (top, ridge is the straight distance of dolly to the ridge) 40 ± 1cm; The bottom width on big ridge is 160cm, and big ridge is camber (seeing accompanying drawing 1).
(2) sowing
Delegation cotton (seeing accompanying drawing 1) is respectively sowed at the middle part, slope of each Da Long both sides, and cotton planting is capable of being North and South direction, sowing depth 2.5～3.0cm; Thinning after emerging, final singling during 2～3 true leaves, density of reserved seedlings is confirmed by line-spacing and spacing in the rows; Line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 23.5cm.The land for growing field crops conventional measure is adopted in field management after the cotton final singling.
Slope, big ridge of the present invention planting method is compared with the general planting method, has the following advantages:
(1) the general planting method only alleviates the effect of salt damage, can not avoid damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging; And slope, big ridge planting method had both effectively alleviated the cotton salt damage, had avoided damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging again simultaneously, had significantly improved the ecological condition and the growing environment in cotton field, low-lying waterlogging saline land.
(2) through the ridge polysalt, reduced the salt content of middle part, slope, big ridge cotton root area soil, alleviate salt damage; Drain the water away by furrow; Make the soil water content at middle part, slope, big ridge suitable, eliminate waterlogging harm, and can take away a part of salinity with water; Further reduce the soil salt content at middle part, slope, big ridge, help that low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton is emerged, Cheng Miao and growth.Compare with the general planting method, the cotton planting percent of slope, big ridge planting method improves 20～30 percentage points, reaches and broadcasts full stand; Per unit area yield improves more than 15%, realizes good quality and high output.
(3) slope, big ridge planting method has the positive effect that reduces fertilizer loss.Fertilizer is concentrated and to be imposed in the big ridge, has reduced cotton field, low-lying waterlogging saline land fertilizer volatilization loss effectively or loses with current.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is slope, the big ridge of a low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method sketch map; As shown in Figure 1, the bottom width on big ridge is 160cm, and big ridge height is 40cm, and the cotton planting height is high 20cm at the bottom of the ridge, and the plantation line-spacing is 80cm; Fertilizer is bestowed the ridge and is pushed up 30-35cm place straight down.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Select one in cotton field, low-lying waterlogging saline land at the Dongying City Dongying District, basic condition is: 0.5 hectare of area, soil fertility medium level, preceding 5 years plant cottons always; This cotton field bury of groundwater 2.6m ± 0.1m, hypsography low-lying, waterlogging is heavier; The multi-site determination result is average, soil total salt content 0.39% ± 0.02%.Except that kind of method for planting difference, other field management measure is all identical with cotton field, local saline land.
Half cotton field (being called A1) is sowed 30～35 days before by the plantation of this planting method, and per hectare is irritated 600m
3Fresh water pressure salt, treat when soil moisture content suits (for the field soil maximum water-holding capacity 75%～80%) plough, rake the soil level, make ground smooth.
Whole ground uses sufficient base manure afterwards, plays big ridge and applies fertilizer to concentrating in the position that is about to push up as the ridge along the ridge before, and the per hectare fertilizer amount is respectively 60kg controlled release N (release period 90 days)+50kg available N (using after mixing), 60kg P
2O
5, 30kg K
2O, bar apply below the topsoil 10cm.
Next play big ridge, the trend on ridge is a North and South direction, and concrete specification is: big ridge high (top, ridge is the straight distance of dolly to the ridge) 40cm, and the bottom width on big ridge is 160cm, big ridge is camber (seeing accompanying drawing 1).
Proper seeding then; Delegation cotton (seeing accompanying drawing 1) is respectively sowed in (top, ridge to the ridge dolly directly apart from the horizontal line of mid point and the intersection point on slope) at middle part, the slope of each Da Long both sides, and on April 28th, 2010 was sowed, degree of depth 2.5cm; Deng line-spacing 80cm, the cotton row is to being the north-south.Thinning after emerging, final singling during 2～3 true leaves, spacing in the rows 23.5cm, density of reserved seedlings are 53100 strain/hectares.
Alkaline land cotton general planting method plantation is pressed in second half cotton field (being called B1), this planting method except that not playing big ridge, the same A1 of other measure.
Result of implementation shows, compares with the general planting method, and the cotton planting percent of slope, big ridge planting method improves 27.1 percentage points (bringing up to 93.9% by 66.8%), reaches and broadcasts full stand; Yield per unit of lint improves 17.5% (by 798.0kg/hm
2Bring up to 937.5kg/hm
2), realized low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton good quality and high output.
Embodiment 2:
Select one in cotton field, low-lying waterlogging saline land at the Dongying City Hekou District, basic condition is: 0.7 hectare of area, and the medium level on the upper side of soil fertility, preceding crop is a cotton; This plot bury of groundwater 3.8m ± 0.1m, hypsography low-lying, waterlogging is heavier; The multi-site determination result is average, soil total salt content 0.33% ± 0.01%.Sowing time is on April 26th, 2011.Except that kind of method for planting difference, other field management measure is all identical with cotton field, local saline land.
Half cotton field (being called A2) is by the plantation of this planting method, and is identical with embodiment 1.
The plantation of alkaline land cotton general planting method is pressed in second half cotton field (being called B2), and is identical with embodiment 1.
Result of implementation shows, compares with the general planting method, and the cotton planting percent of slope, big ridge planting method improves 25.3 percentage points (bringing up to 95.5% by 70.2%), reaches and broadcasts full stand; Yield per unit of lint improves 16.9% (by 835.6kg/hm
2Bring up to 976.5kg/hm
2), realized low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton good quality and high output.
Claims (4)
1. a low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method is characterized in that, plays big ridge before the sowing, respectively plants the delegation cotton at the middle part, slope of Da Long both sides, through ridge polysalt, furrow draining.
2. a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
(1) plays big ridge
600 ± 50m is irritated in sowing 30～35 days before
3/ hm
2Fresh water pressure salt is treated to plough when soil moisture content is suitable, rake the soil level, and makes ground smooth; North and South direction plays big ridge, plays big ridge and applies fertilizer to concentrating in the position that is about to push up as the ridge along the ridge before, and controlled release is fertile to be combined with quick-acting fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer cooperate, and bar applies below the topsoil 10cm, plays big ridge by specification requirement then;
(2) sowing
The delegation cotton is respectively sowed at the middle part, slope of each Da Long both sides.
3. a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the specification on the big ridge of said step (1) is: the big high 40 ± 1cm in ridge, and the bottom width on big ridge is 160cm, big ridge is camber.
4. a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that said step (2) cotton planting is capable of being North and South direction; Sowing depth 2.5～3.0cm; Thinning after emerging, final singling during 2～3 true leaves, density of reserved seedlings is confirmed by line-spacing and spacing in the rows; Line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 23.5cm.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103299815A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-18 | 山东省花生研究所 | High-yield method for cultivating peanuts in saline-alkali land |
| CN103518511A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-22 | 山东省花生研究所 | Method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
| CN103583181A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali soil |
| CN103999708A (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-08-27 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Arched cultivation pool capable of preventing accumulation of salt in surface soil |
| CN104303781A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-28 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating cotton on saline and alkaline lands |
| CN104472169A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-01 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting cotton at muddy coastal heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN105009894A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-04 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Cotton plantation method suitable for saline-alkali dry land |
| CN105830844A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for planting tea trees in weak-saline-alkali soil |
| CN106613278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Furrow cultivation method of protected vegetables |
| CN106857130A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical transplanting single-dose application method |
| CN106961962A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | One implantation methods grown cotton |
| CN109169126A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-11 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of salinization soil cotton yield type of seeding |
| CN109247095A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 黄山金昕生态农业开发有限公司 | The big ridge of rhizoma polygonati covers micro-ridge planting technology |
| CN109348769A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-19 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of method of agronomy improvement saline-alkali wetland |
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| CN103299815A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-18 | 山东省花生研究所 | High-yield method for cultivating peanuts in saline-alkali land |
| CN103299815B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-05-04 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil high yield cultivation method of peanut |
| CN103518511B (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-10-14 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of saline land peanut cultivation method |
| CN103518511A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-22 | 山东省花生研究所 | Method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
| CN103583181A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali soil |
| CN103999708A (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-08-27 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Arched cultivation pool capable of preventing accumulation of salt in surface soil |
| CN104303781A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-28 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating cotton on saline and alkaline lands |
| CN104472169A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-01 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting cotton at muddy coastal heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN104472169B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-05-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The implantation methods of a kind of Muddy Bottoms heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore cotton |
| CN105009894A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-04 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Cotton plantation method suitable for saline-alkali dry land |
| CN105009894B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-02-16 | 沧州市农林科学院 | A kind of cotton planting method suitable for saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland |
| CN105830844A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for planting tea trees in weak-saline-alkali soil |
| CN106613278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Furrow cultivation method of protected vegetables |
| CN106857130A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical transplanting single-dose application method |
| CN106961962A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | One implantation methods grown cotton |
| CN109247095A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 黄山金昕生态农业开发有限公司 | The big ridge of rhizoma polygonati covers micro-ridge planting technology |
| CN109169126A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-11 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of salinization soil cotton yield type of seeding |
| CN109348769A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-19 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of method of agronomy improvement saline-alkali wetland |
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