CN103518511B - A kind of saline land peanut cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of saline land peanut cultivation method, comprise the following steps: at soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, more than soil fertility is medium, Shang Fen community, fertility uniform plot is planted.First use broad irrigation before sowing, then dig low ridge mulch sowing, and be covered with high soil in low ridge surrounding.The inventive method enables peanut grow in the plot of soil salt content 0.2%-0.3% by the change of planting patterns and obtains higher output, the saline land day by day increased effectively utilizing China, expands peanut cultivation area, significant.

Description

A kind of saline land peanut cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to saline land peanut cultivation method, belong to technical field of peanut cultivation.

Background technology

China is grease oil plant demand big country, although domestic vegetable seed, peanut and soybean yields are all positioned at prostatitis, the world, the demand of domestic sustainable growth makes China's oil plant and grease import volume increase year by year.Compare other oil crop, peanut has following advantage: production scale is large, planting benefit is high, produce oil efficiency is high, oil quality good, international competitiveness is strong.Current China peanut always produces about 1,500 ten thousand tons, and account for that China oil crop always produce about 50%.In recent years, along with China's edible oil demand constantly rises, oil crop cultivated area continuous decrease, peanut industry more and more shows obvious advantage and development potentiality at guarantee China edible vegetable oil supply respect, the production of peanut is also subject to increasing attention, and the gross yield improving peanut becomes the important channel solving China's oil resource anxiety.

Peanut always produces to improve and depends on the raising of unit yield and the expansion of cultivated area, but the contradiction on ground just must appear striving with cereal crops in peanut cultivation enlarged areas, and this is also affect China's peanut always to produce and increase most distinct issues.One of countermeasure addressed this problem is exactly cultivate salt tolerant new peanut variety, enables peanut plant in the area that the soil salinization is more serious and reach certain output, and this is for the cultivated area expanding peanut, and the output improving peanut is significant.

The soil salinization is the serious problems affecting agricultural production and ecotope.Add up China's saline soil area according to the Second National soil survey information of Ministry of Agriculture's tissue to be 5.2 hundred million mu and not comprise coastal tidal.Wherein the 1299.91 ten thousand mu of all kinds of salinization of solonchak 2.4 hundred million mu of alkaline earths, alkali-affected soil are 2.7 hundred million mu.That in 5.2 hundred million mu of saline soil, has opened up wasteland plantation has about 100,000,000 mu.Still there are about 2.6 hundred million mu potential salinization soils in China according to estimates.How making full use of these saline lands is mankind's key subjects in the urgent need to address.

Current saline land Ridged plant method Chinese cabbage, existing report in the various crop such as corn and fruit tree, according to the difference of plant self-characteristic and growth characteristic, the planting patternss such as row spacing, ridge are high also difference to some extent.Such as during growth of Chinese cabbage, first ridging, ditching plantation again on ridge; Fruit tree is when planting, and ditching plantation after ridging, planting depth will at more than 50cm.Visible for different plants, Ridged plant mode has obvious difference.And in peanut, not yet have the report of low ridge plantation on saline land.

The peanut saline land implantation methods of this research invention, according to peanut own growth characteristic and planting type, adopts the planting patterns of low ridge overlay film, and peanut is in the growth of low ridge place, and surrounding height soil draws salt and assembles, and makes peanut salt of can hiding keep away alkali, favourablely survives.Simultaneously comparatively large by cladding thickness, the good mulch film of quality, makes mulch film maintain more complete state in peanut late growing stage, rainwater effectively can be prevented directly to be seeped into peanut root produce salt damage effect during rainy season.The application of this implantation methods can make peanut almost normal growth close to normal volume in the saline land of salinity 0.2%-0.3%.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the planting type that applicable peanut is planted in saline land.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following steps:

At soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, and more than soil fertility is medium, Shang Fen community, fertility uniform plot is planted.First use broad irrigation before sowing, then dig low ridge mulch sowing, and be covered with high soil in low ridge surrounding.Specifically, described method is as follows:

(1) at soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, and more than soil fertility is medium, Shang Fen community, fertility uniform plot is planted.Every community 2 row, a ridge.Long 3.3 meters of cell row, wide 1.2 meters;

(2) first use broad irrigation before sowing, then dig low ridge planting.Low row spacing 0.8 meter, ridge is planted two row, cave distance 15 centimetres, 2, every cave;

(3) after planting covering with plastic film on low ridge, ground film thickness 0.015mm;

(4) high soil is covered in low ridge surrounding after overlay film, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.

Preferably, the soil salt concentration described in step (1) is at 0.2%-0.3%.Divide community plantation, every community only has a ridge.

Preferably, the planting patterns of low ridge plantation is dug in step (2) described employing, row spacing 0.8 meter.

Preferably, after step (3) described plantation, the thickness of covering with plastic film is 0.015mm.

Preferably, after the described low ridge film-covering planting of step (4), low ridge surrounding covers high soil, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.

Embodiment

embodiment 1

In Dongying saline land, salt content is about on the plot of 0.31%, plantation peanut, and kind educates 21 for spending.Divide community plantation, ridge, every community one, first uses broad irrigation before plantation, then plays low ridge plantation, row spacing 0.8 meter, long 3.3 meters of ridge, every ridge two row, cave distance 15 centimetres, two, every cave, after planting covering 0.015mm mulch film.High soil is covered in ridge surrounding after overlay film, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.Plant 3 communities altogether to repeat as three times.Contrast is educated 21 for flower and is normally played high ridge plantation, and first use broad irrigation before plantation, after planting, ridge surrounding does not cover high soil, long 3.3 meters of ridge, every ridge kind two row, and cave is apart from 15 centimetres, and two, every cave, after planting covers 0.007mm common ground film, and planting three ridge culture is repeat for three times.Species test harvest time data are as follows: the average stem of alley film-covering planting pattern peanut high is 45.8 centimetres, long 50.4 centimetres of side shoot, average branch number 11, Fruit branch 9.8, and average yield is about 301.67 kilograms; The average stem of contrast peanut is high is 35.5 centimetres, and long 40.0 centimetres of side shoot, average branch number 9.1, Fruit branch 7.33, average yield is about 233.66 kilograms.Result shows low ridge overlay film, and the cropping pattern that ridge surrounding covers high soil is obviously better than the normal cropping pattern of peanut. embodiment 2

In Dongying saline land, salt content is about on the plot of 0.29%, plantation peanut, and kind educates 24 for spending.Divide community plantation, ridge, every community one, first uses broad irrigation before plantation, then plays low ridge plantation, row spacing 0.8 meter, long 3.3 meters of ridge, every ridge two row, cave distance 15 centimetres, two, every cave, after planting covering 0.015mm mulch film.High soil is covered in ridge surrounding after overlay film, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.Plant 3 communities altogether to repeat as three times.Contrast is educated 24 for flower and is normally played high ridge plantation, and first use broad irrigation before plantation, after planting, ridge surrounding does not cover high soil, long 3.3 meters of ridge, every ridge kind two row, and cave is apart from 15 centimetres, and two, every cave, after planting covers 0.007mm common ground film, and planting three ridge culture is repeat for three times.Species test harvest time data are as follows: the average stem of alley film-covering planting pattern peanut high is 54.0 centimetres, long 62.3 centimetres of side shoot, average branch number 7, Fruit branch 6.17, and average yield is about 238.13 kilograms; The average stem of contrast peanut is high is 40.7 centimetres, and long 47.7 centimetres of side shoot, average branch number 9.8, Fruit branch 7.0, average yield is about 188.96 kilograms.Result shows low ridge overlay film, and the cropping pattern that ridge surrounding covers high soil is obviously better than the normal cropping pattern of peanut.

Claims (1)

1. a saline land peanut cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

(1) at soil salt content 0.2%-0.3%, physical features is smooth, and more than soil fertility is medium, Shang Fen community, fertility uniform plot is planted, every community 2 row, a ridge, and long 3.3 meters of cell row is wide 1.2 meters;

(2) first use broad irrigation before sowing, then dig low ridge planting, low row spacing 0.8 meter, ridge is planted two row, cave distance 15 centimetres, 2, every cave;

(3) after planting covering with plastic film on low ridge, ground film thickness 0.015mm;

(4) high soil is covered in low ridge surrounding after overlay film, wide 20 centimetres, high 15-20 centimetre.