CN111201951A

CN111201951A - Flower and plant combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and application

Info

Publication number: CN111201951A
Application number: CN202010192858.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张艳军; 杨殿林; 赵建宁
Original assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2020-03-18
Filing date: 2020-03-18
Publication date: 2020-05-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower and plant combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and application thereof. The flower and grass combination of the invention covers 9 families of 12 kinds of herbaceous plants, has dense growth, staggered flowering phase and simple management and protection. The flower and grass combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive vegetable field, weeds can be prevented from expanding into the field, a microminiature animal inhabited breeding land in the vegetable field is reconstructed, the species and the number of the individual animals are increased, dense clustered vegetation is beneficial to survival of predatory natural enemies, plants with special odor attract piercing-sucking type pests to the artificial plant buffer zone and are far away from the vegetable field, honey plants attract and protect parasitic natural enemies and pollinating insects, the natural enemies migrate and spread to the vegetable field to control the piercing-sucking type pests, and the pollinating insects promote natural pollination and fruit setting of fruit-eating vegetables. The intensive vegetable land for constructing the artificial plant buffer zone does not need to apply insecticide, supports the green, efficient and sustainable development of vegetable planting industry, ensures the quality of vegetables and processed products, and simultaneously beautifies the landscape of rural or farm vegetable land.

Description

Flower and plant combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and grass combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and an application thereof.

Background

The planting area of Chinese vegetables is maintained for 3 hundred million mu year round, the yield is more than 7 hundred million tons, and the yield value is 2 trillion yuan. One of the important threats in vegetable crop production is piercing-sucking pests, mainly aphids, whiteflies, thrips, spider mites, leafhoppers and the like, which are small in size but extremely large in quantity and extremely fast in propagation, and can damage the twigs, leaves, buds and fruits of vegetable crops by sucking plant juice, induce sooty stains, spread plant virus diseases, and cause serious yield reduction and quality reduction of vegetables. For a long time, the prevention and control of vegetable pests mainly depend on chemical pesticides, but serious negative problems such as pollution of water and soil environments and agricultural products, killing of natural enemies, induction of drug resistance of pests and the like are solved, and the caution that chemical prevention and control should be carefully adopted is given. The artificial breeding and the release of the natural enemies have a certain positive effect on controlling vegetable pests, but the habitat and the breeding area of the animals in the intensive vegetable field are nearly lost, and the released natural enemies are difficult to colonize and continue and are died quickly. A large number of natural enemies existing in nature, such as spiders, lacewing flies, ladybugs, lygus bugs, stinkbugs, predatory mites, aphid flies, thysanodes and the like, have a suppression effect on vegetable piercing-sucking pests, particularly on the predation and parasitism of eggs and larvae, can effectively reduce the population base of pests, and the natural enemies and the pest populations achieve ecological balance to prevent the pests from outbreak and causing disasters. Due to over emphasis on the production function, the intensive vegetable field is single in planting variety, weeds in the field are removed completely, living and breeding environments of natural enemies and pollination insects are continuously deteriorated and even lost, the variety and the number of the natural enemies are reduced, the natural joint control effect of the natural enemy groups on pests is damaged, the number of the pollination insects is reduced, the pollination rate of fruit vegetables is influenced, and the quality of fruits is reduced.

Agricultural biodiversity is an important support for the ecological system of a farmland, is a key factor for maintaining, stabilizing or improving the ecological balance of agriculture, and is a material basis for the continuous development of agriculture and related industries and ecological environments. Currently, a small number of vegetable fields are planted with trap plants on ridges around the field blocks, pests are concentrated and then poisoned by chemical pesticides, or planting evasion plant rows are arranged in the vegetable fields to drive away the pests. However, the field trap plants or the field evasion plants are planted in the field, the selected plant species are single, the planting area is small, and the effect on pests is common. Due to the variety of the domesticated animals, especially the natural enemies, the plant buffer zone (such as hedgerow, wild grass zone, wild flower zone, etc.) of the non-agricultural environment is regarded as one of the important ecological facilities of the agricultural ecological system, and the comprehensive ecological functions of increasing beneficial insects, controlling pests and reducing chemical drugs are proved in the farmland. The natural plant buffer zone is the result of long-term succession of natural vegetation, the germplasm resources of a large number of organisms are maintained all the time, when the natural plant buffer zone is not existed in the vegetable-placing land, the animal conservation capability is lost, the residual vegetation mainly comprises malignant weeds, becomes the crop pests over-winter/summer hosts, and basically loses the function of regulating and controlling the vegetable pests. The method has the advantages that the diverse conservation capability of animals is restored and enhanced, natural enemy groups are maintained in a targeted mode to control main pests of vegetable crops, and the elaborately designed and reconstructed plant buffer zone is a feasible way for achieving the multiple purposes, so that the green, efficient and sustainable development of the intensive vegetable planting industry is supported. The plant species and the plant proportion are the key to the success of the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone, and a specific crop system needs to be researched, developed and applied according to local conditions. The invention scientifically screens functional plants and reasonably collocates the functional plants according to the production requirements of the vegetable field and the planting environment thereof, exerts the composite ecological function of plant combination and realizes the structure optimization and function enhancement of the vegetable field ecological system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flower and grass combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests, and filling up the technical blank existing in the construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive vegetable fields.

The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and grass combination in construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive vegetable fields.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a flower and plant composition for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests comprises, by mass, 30-50% of grassy herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 2-6% of labiatae herbs, 4-8% of rosaceous herbs, 2-6% of violaceae herbs, 2-6% of umbelliferae herbs, 4-8% of solanaceae herbs and 4-8% of polygonaceae herbs.

Preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial festuca arundinacea and biennial winter wheat, and the seed mass ratio is 30% and 10%, respectively.

Preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial red clover and annual broad bean, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 5%, respectively.

Preferably, the compositae plant species are perennial okra and annual sunflower, and the seed mass ratio is 8% and 2%, respectively.

Preferably, the labiatae plant is perennial oregano, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%.

Preferably, the rosaceous plant species is perennial strawberry, and the seed mass ratio is 6%.

Preferably, the Violaceae plant is perennial viola yedoensis, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%.

Preferably, the plant of the Umbelliferae family is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%.

Preferably, the solanaceae plant is annual tobacco, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 6%.

Preferably, the kind of the plant in the family of Polygonaceae is annual sweet buckwheat, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 6%.

The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the intensive vegetable field comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil, reserving soil with the width of not less than 3 meters along the edge of the vegetable field, and raking the soil for later use;

2) sowing, wherein the grass seeds of the two-year and perennial plants are sown in autumn, and the annual plants are sown in spring;

3) and (4) maintaining, namely irregularly weeding according to normal fertilizer and water management of the vegetable field, and ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well.

Preferably, when the land is prepared in the step 1), the width of the plant buffer zone is 5 meters; if the shape of the field is square, constructing a plant buffer zone along the long edge of the field; if the plot is irregular in shape, a plant buffer zone is built along the perimeter of the plot.

Preferably, in the step 2), when sowing, the two-year and multi-year plant grass seeds are uniformly mixed and then sown by shaking the sowing machine with hands, the weight of the sown grass seeds per square meter is 10g, the reserved grass land is sown in a segmented manner, the grass seeds required by each segment are independently weighed, each segment is uniformly sown twice, the soil covering is 1cm after sowing, and the soil is compacted by a rolling machine; the annual plant broad bean and sunflower seeds are uniformly mixed and then sowed in a row spacing of 50cm, the ditching depth is 5cm, the annual plant tobacco and buckwheat seeds are uniformly mixed and then sowed in a row between the broad bean/sunflower rows, the ditching depth is 2cm, and the seeds are covered with soil and tamped after sowing.

Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is fully wetted within 3-4 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm per week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (e.g., humulus scandens, bermuda grass, reed, etc.) can be identified, they are immediately removed manually or mechanically.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the flower and grass combination of the invention covers 9 families of 12 kinds of herbaceous plants, has dense growth, staggered flowering phase and simple management and protection. The flower and grass combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive vegetable field, weeds can be prevented from expanding into the field, a microminiature animal inhabited breeding land in the vegetable field is reconstructed, the species and the number of the individual animals are increased, dense clustered vegetation is beneficial to survival of predatory natural enemies, plants with special odor attract piercing-sucking type pests to the artificial plant buffer zone and are far away from the vegetable field, honey plants attract and protect parasitic natural enemies and pollinating insects, the natural enemies migrate and spread to the vegetable field to control the piercing-sucking type pests, and the pollinating insects promote natural pollination and fruit setting of fruit-eating vegetables. The intensive vegetable land for constructing the artificial plant buffer zone does not need to apply insecticide, supports the green, efficient and sustainable development of vegetable planting industry, ensures the quality of vegetables and processed products, and simultaneously beautifies the landscape of rural or farm vegetable land.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants

The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of tall fescue of gramineae, 10% of winter wheat, 15% of red clover of leguminosae, 5% of broad bean, 8% of autumn solanum dulcamara of Compositae, 2% of sunflower, 4% of origanum vulgaris of Labiatae, 6% of strawberry of Rosaceae, 4% of viola yedoensis of Violaceae, 4% of cnidium monnieri of Umbelliferae, 6% of tobacco of Solanaceae and 6% of sweet buckwheat of Polygonaceae.

Example 2: conservation and regulation of artificial plant buffer zone to tomato field animals

Three test points are selected in the intensive tomato continuous planting area in Hebei river, and the distance between the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. The treated plots refer to tomato plots with plant buffer zones constructed with the preferred combination of flowers and plants (minus the plant buffer zone), and the control plots refer to tomato plots that are normally under intensive management. The test area prohibited the use of herbicides and insecticides. In three growing seasons of one year of tomatoes, collecting arthropod specimens of sample plots by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device, a ground surface trap and an insect catching net, identifying the types of the arthropods, and counting the number of various types. In the investigation, the trematode points and traps are distributed uniformly, the trematode time of each time is fixed to be 1 minute, and the same number of investigation sample points of the plant buffer zone, the treated plot and the control plot is ensured. 16 traps are arranged on each plant buffer zone and each block of treated and contrasted ground, the trap positions are simultaneously the pest sucking points, the net sweeping points are arranged near the pest sucking points, and the complete round trip is 1 net. In the growing season of the tomatoes, according to the vegetable piercing-sucking pest investigation standard, 5 rows are selected from each plot and treated and contrasted, 5 plants are investigated in a jumping mode in each row, 25 tomatoes are marked totally, the quantity of aphids, whiteflies, thrips, spider mites and leafhoppers on stem leaves and flower sheets of the fixed tomato plants marked by investigation is recorded, and the total pest quantity of each plant is calculated, wherein the unit is the head. And (3) starting the yield of the cluster tomatoes, collecting, counting and weighing the marked 25 tomatoes in batches when the commercial fruits are mature until the collection is finished, and measuring and calculating the acre yield of the tomatoes, wherein the unit is kilogram.

TABLE 1 investigation of arthropod, natural enemy, pollinating insect, piercing-sucking pest occurrence and tomato yield statistics

Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.

The vegetation of the artificial plant buffer zone constructed by the plant combination maintains luxuriant from spring to autumn. As a result, as shown in Table 1, after constructing artificial plant bumper zone on tomato with preferred flower and grass combination, arthropod species and number were significantly conserved in both spring and autumn. By the time of the flower and fruit period of the tomatoes in summer, the animal diversity of the control tomato field is increased, and the animal diversity of the tomato treatment field is far higher than that of the control field due to the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone. Due to the fact that pest population scale of the control vegetable field is suddenly increased, the number of natural enemies of the control vegetable field is higher than that of the control vegetable field, but the types of natural enemies of the control vegetable field are still far more than those of the control vegetable field. The number and species of pollinating insects in the vegetable processing field are far more than those in the control vegetable field. At different stages of a tomato year, natural enemies (such as spiders, lacewings, ladybugs, lygus bugs, predatory mites, aphids, thysanoptera and the like) sheltered by the artificial plant buffer zone have obvious suppression effect on sucking pest populations such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leaf mites, leafhoppers and the like in a treated plot. In the flower and fruit period and the high-incidence period of the piercing-sucking pests, the inhibition rate of the artificial plant buffer zone on the piercing-sucking pest population is 93.7%; when the seedlings are pulled, the inhibition rate of the constructed artificial plant buffer zone on the sucking pest population is 94.2%. And (3) measuring and calculating the tomato yield, wherein the yield per mu of the constructed tomato field of the artificial plant buffer zone is 26.5 percent more than that of the control tomato field. The comprehensive result shows that the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone preserves arthropods in the vegetable field, and various natural enemies effectively control main piercing-sucking pests in the vegetable field and avoid the use of chemical insecticides.

Claims

1. The flower and grass combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and the application thereof are characterized in that the flower and grass combination comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of gramineous herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 2-6% of labiate herbs, 4-8% of rosaceous herbs, 2-6% of violaceae herbs, 2-6% of umbelliferae herbs, 4-8% of solanaceae herbs and 4-8% of polygonaceae herbs;

preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial festuca arundinacea and biennial winter wheat, and the mass ratio of the seeds is respectively 30% and 10%;

preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial red clover and annual broad bean, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 5% respectively;

preferably, the compositae plant species are perennial okra and annual sunflower, and the seed mass ratio is 8% and 2% respectively;

preferably, the labiatae plant is perennial oregano, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%;

preferably, the rosaceous plant species is perennial strawberry, and the mass percentage of seeds is 6%;

preferably, the violaceae plant is perennial viola yedoensis, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%;

preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 4%;

preferably, the solanaceae plant is annual tobacco, and the mass ratio of seeds is 6%;

2. The use of the combination of flowers and plants according to claim 1, wherein the preferred combination of flowers and plants is suitable for intensive vegetable fields to construct artificial plant buffer zones, which can achieve the effect of conserving beneficial insects and preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests.