CN105613146A - Plant support system for cabbage pest natural enemies - Google Patents
Plant support system for cabbage pest natural enemies Download PDFInfo
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- CN105613146A CN105613146A CN201610013684.8A CN201610013684A CN105613146A CN 105613146 A CN105613146 A CN 105613146A CN 201610013684 A CN201610013684 A CN 201610013684A CN 105613146 A CN105613146 A CN 105613146A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of crop pest bio-control and aims to provide a plant support system for cabbage pest natural enemies. The plant support system for the cabbage pest natural enemies comprises savings plants, nectariferous plants and trapping plants which are used to be planted in field blocks with cabbage, wherein the most peripheral field ridge in the field blocks is east west trend; the other middle field ridges are south north trend; the savings plants are planted on the peripheral east west trend field ridge of the field blocks; the nectariferous plants are planted on the peripheral south north trend field ridge of the field blocks; the trapping plants and the cabbage are planted on the middle south north trend field ridge of the field blocks planted with the nectariferous plants. According to the plant support system for the cabbage pest natural enemies provided by the invention, through establishing biological diversity, an eco-environment virtuous circle system is built, favorable inhibit conditions are created for the natural enemies, the capability of the natural enemies on controlling pests is enhanced, the natural enemies are utilized to control and replace chemical pesticides to use, pesticide residues of vegetables are avoided, the economic effect, the social effect and the ecological effect are achieved, and a solid foundation is established for building ecological agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that the plant particularly to cabbage pests natural enemy supports system about crop pest field of biological control.
Background technology
Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae (BrassicaoleraceaL.) is the annual of Cruciferae Btassica or 2 years raw herbaceous plant, is one of important vegetable of China. Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae is subject to the mixing harm of 20 various pests in growth course, mainly has diamondback moth, Pieris rapae, Bemisia tabaci and aphid etc., has a strong impact on its yield and quality.
In Agro-ecological System, the growth of pest population quantity causes crop loss, but its natural enemy factor also can restrict its excessive growth to a certain extent simultaneously. The natural enemy of insect, plays an important role in Pest control process, and how to improve the multiformity of natural enemy as far as possible and population quantity becomes the focus that each side pays close attention to. Include the plant habitat of non-crop according to the conscious regulation and control of natural enemy resource requirement, strengthen the usefulness of natural enemy by the mediation of non-crop plants and improve Biological control effect and become a kind of effective method. These provide food for natural enemy insect, provide the plant support system survived the winter and breed place, provide the families of plant of the sanctuary of the escape mal-condition such as pesticide and farming interference and the micro environment of suitable growth just to constitute pest natural enemy.
Current chemical prevention is the main means of prevention of cabbage pests, but the use of the chemical insecticide of long-term a large amount of high frequency time causes natural enemy killing, disruption of ecological balance, the series of problems of pesticide residues environmental pollution and pest resurgence. The protection of cabbage pests natural enemy and utilization are the effective means of its Sustainable Treatment. But plant supports that system application on cabbage pests is prevented and treated have not been reported.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at and overcome deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of ability that can improve Natural Enemies, the Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae ecological regulation and control technology of agricultural product non agricultural chemical residuum can be realized again. For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the solution of the present invention is:
The plant providing cabbage pests natural enemy supports system, including savings plant, nectariferous plant, Trap plants, for being planted in together with Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae in field; Having field in field for planting, in field, (two ridges) field of outermost is east-west, and the field in the middle of all the other is south-north direction;
Described savings plant is used for attracting aphid, including aphid parasite, aphid chalcid fly, wheat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi etc.); Savings plant adopts the planting patterns of drilling, plants on the peripheral east-west field of field;
Described nectariferous plant is used for attracting parasitic wasp, and has economic benefit; Nectariferous plant adopts the planting patterns of drilling, plants on the peripheral field of field south-north direction;
Described Trap plants is used for attracting diamondback moth, Bemisia tabaci, Trap plants, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae all to adopt the planting patterns of bunch planting, plants on the field of the south-north direction in the middle of field nectariferous plant.
In the present invention, in described field, the width of the field for planting nectariferous plant is 1.5m, and the width of all the other fields is 1m.
In the present invention, described savings plant adopts Semen Tritici aestivi.
In the present invention, described nectariferous plant adopts Semen Fagopyri Esculenti, it is preferable that Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici.
In the present invention, described Trap plants adopts Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae.
In the present invention, described bunch planting specifically adopts: with one little entirety of 8 behavior, front 3 behavior Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, the Fructus Solani melongenae of 1/3 and 2/3 2 meters of length of place's surrogate outcomes of the 4th row Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, the 5th, 6,7 row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, eighth row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae; 9-16 row arranges the same with 1-8, and the plantation of whole field is by that analogy.
What provide the plant support system based on described cabbage pests natural enemy realizes method, specifically includes following step:
(1) opening the field for planting in field, in field, (two ridges) field of outermost is east-west, and the field in the middle of all the other is south-north direction;
(2) take savings plant and adopt the planting patterns of drilling, plant on the peripheral east-west field of field; Take nectariferous plant and adopt the planting patterns of drilling, plant on the peripheral field of field south-north direction; Take Trap plants and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae all adopts the planting patterns of bunch planting, plant on the field of the south-north direction in the middle of field nectariferous plant.
In the present invention, in described step (2), described Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Trap plants are transplanted on field after temperature indoor raising of seedling, and ensureing while Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Trap plants (Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae) are transplanted, savings plant (Semen Tritici aestivi), nectariferous plant (Semen Fagopyri Esculenti) are made directly field drilling.
In the present invention, in described step (2), described nectariferous plant (Semen Fagopyri Esculenti) to carry out complementary seeding in after planting 20 days at first, and when first nectariferous plant (Semen Fagopyri Esculenti) is sowed, it is 1m that sowing takies the width of field, and reserved 0.5m width is for as the space reseeded.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention is by setting up bio-diversity, construct benign circulation of the eco-environment system, good habitat condition is created for natural enemy, strengthen the ability of Natural Enemies, utilize natural enemy to control to replace chemical pesticide to use, it is achieved that vegetable residual without agriculture, guarantee that Product quality and safety and consumer are healthy, make rational planning for and beautify view while crop allocation, there are economy, society and ecological three big effects, established solid foundation for setting up the ecological agriculture.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail:
The plant of cabbage pests natural enemy supports that system includes savings plant, nectariferous plant, Trap plants, for being planted in field together with Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae. Having field in field for planting, in field, two ridges of outermost are east-west, and all the other are middle is the field of south-north direction for some ridges, is 1.5m for planting the field width of nectariferous plant, and all the other fields are 1m width.
Savings plant adopts Semen Tritici aestivi, and Semen Tritici aestivi is often subject to the serious harm of the wheat aphids such as rhopalosiphum padi, it is possible to be attracted to aphid parasite and aphid chalcid fly, for controlling aphid common on Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae. Savings plant adopts the planting patterns of drilling, plants on the peripheral east-west field of field, vertical with other plant growing direction.
Nectariferous plant adopts Semen Fagopyri Esculenti, and Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is as Pollen of Honey Source Plants and nectar aboundresources, it is possible to natural enemy particularly parasitic wasp is had obvious sucking action, florescence long enough, and nectar is easily acquired; Particularly Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici, is medicine-food two-purpose crop very few in nature, can calm the nerves, lively atmosphere blood, sending down the abnormal ascending QI width intestinal, heat clearing away swollen wind pain, long-pendingization of dispelling are stagnant, bowel relieving, intestine moistening, relieving constipation, cough-relieving, relieving asthma, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, heart tonifying, fat-reducing, the effect such as beauty treatment. Therefore, plant Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici, higher economic benefit can also be obtained while attracting natural enemy. Nectariferous plant adopts the planting patterns of drilling, plants on the peripheral field of field south-north direction.
Trap plants adopts Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae; Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae and Fructus Solani melongenae can attract the diamondback moth on Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and Bemisia tabaci respectively; early stage can play instruction and forewarning function as monitoring point; when the later stage increases when worm amount; focused on; thus decreasing the measures such as the chemical prevention impact on natural enemy, protect natural enemy. Bait crop makes insect tend to concentrating simultaneously, it helps attracts field natural enemy to look for food or is easy to the concentration release of natural enemy, helpful for strengthening Effectiveness of Natural Enemies effect.
Trap plants, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae all adopt the planting patterns of bunch planting, plant on the field of the south-north direction in the middle of field nectariferous plant. Bunch planting specifically adopts: with one little entirety of 8 behavior, front 3 behavior Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, the Fructus Solani melongenae of 1/3 and 2/3 2 meters of length of place's surrogate outcomes of the 4th row Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, the 5th, 6,7 row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, eighth row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae; 9-16 row arranges the same with 1-8, and the plantation of whole field is by that analogy.
In the plant support system of cabbage pests natural enemy, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae are transplanted after temperature indoor raising of seedling, in order to ensure that Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is opened the time spent and met with the pest damage time, while Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae are transplanted, Semen Tritici aestivi and Semen Fagopyri Esculenti select the drilling of direct field. In order to ensure the continuity at florescence, the sowing width of first Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is 1m, width 20 days complementary seedings after first Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is broadcast of reserved 0.5m.
The following examples can make the professional and technical personnel of this specialty more fully understand the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any way, and concrete operations are as follows:
(1) experimental field overview
Being Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Wenzhou Vocational & Technical College rattan abutment ground for examination cabbage field, area is about 13340m2. This experiment is divided into matched group and the big region of process group two, and water and soil and the periphery crop-planting situation in two big regions are basically identical, and standoff distance is more than 1km.
(2) experimental field plant layout
Process group comprises Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Fagopyri Esculenti, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae five kind of plant. Field outermost two ridge is east-west, and all the other are experimental field divided into some ridges of south-north direction, and Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is 1.5m width, and all the other are 1m width. The planting patterns of Semen Tritici aestivi is drilling, plants at whole field periphery east-west direction, vertical with other plant growing direction. Semen Fagopyri Esculenti drilling is in whole field periphery North and South direction, and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae and Fructus Solani melongenae take bunch planting way south-north direction to plant. With one little entirety of 8 behavior, front 3 behavior Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, the Fructus Solani melongenae of 1/3 and 2/3 2 meters of length of place's surrogate outcomes of the 4th row Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, the 5th, 6,7 row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, eighth row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae. 9-16 row arranges the same with 1-8, and the plantation of whole field is by that analogy.
Matched group is similar with process group, opens up wasteland into 1m width field, and single cropping Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, without other plant.
(3) implantation time of plant
Experimental period chooses the 4-6 month and the 10-11 month of insect great outburst, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae and Fructus Solani melongenae are transplanted after temperature indoor raising of seedling, in order to ensure that Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is opened the time spent and met with the pest damage time, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae and Semen Tritici aestivi and Semen Fagopyri Esculenti selection direct field drilling while Fructus Solani melongenae transplanting. In order to ensure the florescence continuity can when sowing Semen Fagopyri Esculenti the width of reserved 0.5m, 20 days complementary seedings after first Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is broadcast.
(4) test survey method
The start time of field investigation is that Semen Fagopyri Esculenti is bloomed the last week, and every 7d investigates once, totally 5 times. Meeting the impact of non-artificial objective factor or other situations being not suitable for investigation then suitably adjust control time, concrete investigation method is as follows:
This experiment adopts diagonal 5 point sampling, and for gathering all parasiticss in sampling point and predator as far as possible accurately, each sampling point adopts net to sweep, yellow plate is pasted, trapping method and direct visual perception method to be to carry out the investigation of insecticide.
Semen Fagopyri Esculenti, Semen Tritici aestivi: randomly select the square of three 1m �� 1m, above plant, 10cm place hangs yellow plate, places 24 hours. It is collected in the parasitics on indoor qualification Huang plate and predatory natural enemy insect kind statistical magnitude;
Sweep, with net, the insecticide that flight performance in sample prescription is stronger simultaneously, every piece of sample prescription is for 20 times a net back and forth, interior all the things of beating are fitted in easy envelope to take back test chamber, steep after chilled process in 95% ethanol, remove Diptera neutral insects under the microscope, to parasitics and predatory natural enemy insect counting, taxonomic identification;
While placing yellow plate, sample prescription digs the pitting of about the 10cm degree of depth, it is placed with and lures collection solution (sugar: vinegar: ethanol: water=2:1:1:20, add a small amount of liquid detergent again) sanitary cup, ensure that cup is along concordant with ground, place 24 hours, collect earth's surface crawling insect and take back test chamber identifying species statistical magnitude.
Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Fructus Solani melongenae and Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae: randomly select five sampling points in brassica oleracea plants, each sampling point takes 4 strain plant. With direct visual perception method, on all face of blades of itemized record plant and the back side all as seen but do not have the insect numbers of circling in the air property.
The acquisition method of other insecticides is ibid.
(5) survey result
1. collect insecticide main species
Because most Dipteras belong to neutral insects in farmland ecosystem, do not constitute insect yet non-natural enemy, therefore this research wouldn't be included in experiment and consider scope. This research now sorts out insecticide 2174, identified mainly Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) 21 section, Diptera (Diptera) 2 section, coleoptera (Coleoptera) 3 section, Semiptera (Hemiptera) 2 section and Arachnoidea (Arachnoidea), wherein account for relatively larger with Hymenoptera and Arachnoidea, respectively 58.41% and 24.61%, referring specifically to table 1.
The main caste of table 1 cabbage field and ratio thereof
According to data it can be seen that exist maximum for Hymenoptera parasitic insect in cabbage field system, including 21 sections, because vegetable aphid ratio is more serious, in parasitic insect, the Parasita natural enemy Aphidiidae of vegetable aphid is maximum. Host insect relates to multiple orders in farmland ecosystem, is secondly predator Arachnoidea, and the Coccinellidae in coleoptera, Carabidae and Cicindelidae are the main forces preying on insect in farmland.
2. process group and matched group plot caste
This experiment process group is plantation Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Fagopyri Esculenti, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, four kinds of non-crop plants of Fructus Solani melongenae and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae plot. Matched group is the plot of single cropping Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae. In experimentation, being swept by net and direct visual perception method etc., we obtain part data, specify the difference of caste in process group and matched group, such as table 2 below.
Table 2 process group and matched group caste difference
Note: have the �� representative indicated to there is this type of insecticide.
It is shown that bio-diversity is apparently higher than matched group in process group, the habitat that can provide for insecticide, nutritional supplementation etc. is better than matched group. In table 2, there is 28 sections/order insecticide in process group, and matched group exists 14 sections/order insecticide, particularly Hymenoptera classification, and process group exists 20 sections, and matched group only has 8 sections.
Finally it should be noted that listed above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is clear that the invention is not restricted to above example, it is also possible to there is many variations. All deformation that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from present disclosure or associate, are all considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the plant of cabbage pests natural enemy supports system, it is characterised in that include savings plant, nectariferous plant, Trap plants, for being planted in together with Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae in field; Having field in field for planting, in field, the field of outermost is east-west, and the field in the middle of all the other is south-north direction;
Described savings plant is used for attracting aphid, including aphid parasite, aphid chalcid fly, wheat aphid; Savings plant adopts the planting patterns of drilling, plants on the peripheral east-west field of field;
Described nectariferous plant is used for attracting parasitic wasp, and has economic benefit; Nectariferous plant adopts the planting patterns of drilling, plants on the peripheral field of field south-north direction;
Described Trap plants is used for attracting diamondback moth, Bemisia tabaci, Trap plants, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae all to adopt the planting patterns of bunch planting, plants on the field of the south-north direction in the middle of field nectariferous plant.
2. the plant of cabbage pests natural enemy according to claim 1 supports system, it is characterised in that in described field, and the width of the field for planting nectariferous plant is 1.5m, and the width of all the other fields is 1m.
3. the plant of cabbage pests natural enemy according to claim 1 supports system, it is characterised in that described savings plant adopts Semen Tritici aestivi.
4. the plant of cabbage pests natural enemy according to claim 1 supports system, it is characterised in that described nectariferous plant adopts Semen Fagopyri Esculenti.
5. the plant of cabbage pests natural enemy according to claim 1 supports system, it is characterised in that described Trap plants adopts Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, Fructus Solani melongenae.
6. the plant of cabbage pests natural enemy according to claim 5 supports system, it is characterized in that, described bunch planting specifically adopts: with one little entirety of 8 behavior, front 3 behavior Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, the Fructus Solani melongenae of 1/3 and 2/3 2 meters of length of place's surrogate outcomes of the 4th row Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, 5th, 6,7 row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitataes, eighth row plantation Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae.
7. based on cabbage pests natural enemy described in claim 1 plant support system realize method, it is characterised in that specifically include following step:
(1) opening the field for planting in field, in field, the field of outermost is east-west, and the field in the middle of all the other is south-north direction;
(2) take savings plant and adopt the planting patterns of drilling, plant on the peripheral east-west field of field; Take nectariferous plant and adopt the planting patterns of drilling, plant on the peripheral field of field south-north direction; Take Trap plants and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae all adopts the planting patterns of bunch planting, plant on the field of the south-north direction in the middle of field nectariferous plant.
8. according to claim 7 realize method, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), described Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Trap plants are transplanted on field after temperature indoor raising of seedling, and ensure that, while Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Trap plants are transplanted, savings plant, nectariferous plant are made directly field drilling.
9. according to claim 7 realize method, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), described nectariferous plant to carry out complementary seeding in after planting 20 days at first, and when first nectariferous plant is sowed, it is 1m that sowing takies the width of field, and reserved 0.5m width is for as the space reseeded.
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| CN107637349A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | A kind of method of prevention and control grape thrips |
| CN107548815A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-09 | 北京市园林科学研究院 | The collocation method of sources of nectar and pollen group based on child care formula biological control |
| CN107548815B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-12-03 | 北京市园林科学研究院 | The configuration method of sources of nectar and pollen group based on child care formula biological control |
| CN108029407A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-15 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | A kind of control method of Temperature Depression of Eggplant in Solar Greenhouse Bemisia tabaci |
| CN109997580A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-12 | 云南农业大学 | A method of it is laid out using Farmland Landscape and increases the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day |
| DE102019217840A1 (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-05-20 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover | Flowering plant mixture for growing cabbage |
| CN111201951A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and plant combination for conserving beneficial insects, preventing and controlling vegetable piercing-sucking pests and application |
| CN111201950A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Flower and grass composition for conserving natural enemies and preventing and controlling vegetable chewing pests and application |
| CN112369262A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-19 | 贵州省植物保护研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling small pests by utilizing orius minutus storage plant system |
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