CN109997580A - A method of it is laid out using Farmland Landscape and increases the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day - Google Patents
A method of it is laid out using Farmland Landscape and increases the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape, and this method includes the following contents, set crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape two types for Farmland Landscape layout；Wherein crop habitat elements of landscape includes target crop area；Crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape are arranged by the way of combination.The present invention is on the basis of guaranteeing that target crop is normally planted, pass through the random combine of each elements of landscape, abundant Farmland Landscape bio-diversity, further play the ecological functions of each elements of landscape, optimize the living environment of natural enemy insect, enhance parasite to the control action of Bemisia tabaci, beautification farm environment, the ornamental value for promoting Farmland Landscape realize production function and ornamental function integration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Agro-habitats renovation technique field, specially one kind enhances parasitics by Farmland Landscape layout
The method and technology field of its hostile Bemisia tabaci natural contral power.
Background technique
Bemisia tabaci is subordinate to Semiptera, Aleyrodidae, and individual is small, bion multiplicity, widely distributed, is a kind of world's model
Enclose interior pest.Bemisia tabaci is more than that 25 provinces and cities are distributed in China, the crops such as tomato of causing harm, cotton, tobacco, is caused tight
The economic loss of weight.Bemisia tabaci is not only caused harm in a manner of direct feeding host plant, it can also propagate up to 111 kinds of plant
Object virus, such as geminivirus infection belong in sweet potato leaf curl virus (Sweet potato leaf curl virus, SPLCV), kind
Potato leaf curl virus (Ipomoea leaf curl virus, ILCV), the light-duty mottle virus of sweet potato (Sweet potato mild
Mottle virus) etc..As the invasive pest for China's vegetables economy that seriously causes harm, most common controlling mode is to change
It learns based on prevention and treatment, common chemical insecticide mainly includes anabasine, traditional neural toxic agent and insect growth regulator, IGR class, but
Due to application method and it is administered the improper so that Bemisia tabaci drug resistance rapid increase of dosage.In the widely distributed Bemisia tabaci in China
The field population of hidden kind of MEAM1 (Type B Bemisia tabaci) and hidden kind of MED (Q type Bemisia tabaci) generates Gao Shui to imidacloprid, Diacloden
Flat resistance.Therefore, biological control is gradually accepted by the public as a kind of environmentally friendly controlling mode.China's Bemisia tabaci
Parasitoid species are various, resourceful, currently, it is domestic reported can the parasitic wasp of parasitic Bemisia tabaci have 27 kinds, wherein 21
Kind is grace Aphelinus, and 6 kinds are eretmocerus SP category.Ren etc. investigates China's Bemisia tabaci parasite distribution situation,
The result shows that can be totally 18 kinds of natural enemy of parasitic Bemisia tabaci in China.Qiu Baoli etc. is to picking up from the domestic Bemisia tabaci parasitic wasp in Guangdong Province
Carry out Preliminary Identification, the results showed that Bemisia tabaci parasitic wasp there are 6 kinds in Guangdong Province, wherein 4 kinds are grace Aphelinus, 2 kinds are vane angle
Aphelinus, and think the predominantly double spot grace aphid chalcid fly (Encarsia of Bemisia tabaci parasitic wasp dominant population in Guangdong Province
) and eretmocerus SP (Eretmocerus sp.) bimaculate.
The biological control mode carried out at present for aleyrodid class pest is mainly certain in main cultivation crop in the specific period
The population quantity of aleyrodid class pest is controlled in range by manually discharging parasite, this mode is generally acknowledged prevention and treatment effect
The preferable control method of fruit, the population quantity for illustrating to control aleyrodid class pest by parasite is effective.But
Problem is, first, the behavior that parasite is a kind of human interference farmland ecosystem is manually discharged in field, is not only needed
Consider the time, quantity and the place that discharge natural enemy to reach maximum pest control effect, it is also necessary to consider that this behavior whether can
Break the existing balance of farmland ecosystem, if the ability to bear of the environment can be exceeded；Second, the control efficiency of this mode
Only good for the year of issue only, be because China vegetables main producing region is often based on monocrop or the plantation of same type crop large area,
Monocrop cropping pattern greatly increases the probability that pest burst causes harm.Meanwhile after main cultivation crop harvest, since field is big
Area is exposed, and parasite lacks enough plants as habitat, and parasitic wasp can not usually colonize for a long time in field,
Almost can not be overwintering, wait for the coming year to pest carry out prevention and treatment operation when, must also not only be operated numerous again in field adaptability parasitic wasp
It is trivial, more increase economic cost.
China's agricultural planting is most of at present or is main affecting factors taking human as factor, and agricultural product output is main syllabus
Production model, we simply using soil as it is a kind of pursue interests tool, only pursue unit area agricultural product production
Amount and quality but ignore the protection and sustainable development of farmland ecosystem, ignore the inherent value of nature itself.This plantation
Mode for agricultural production sustainable development, what the stability of the ecosystem was clearly disadvantageous.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is provided and a kind of increases the hostile Bemisia tabaci control in day using Farmland Landscape layout precisely in order to solve the above problems
The method of power processed.Passed through on the basis of guaranteeing that target crop is normally planted by the building in crop habitat and non-crop habitat
The random combine of each elements of landscape enriches Farmland Landscape bio-diversity, gives full play to the ecological functions of each elements of landscape, optimizes
The living environment of natural enemy insect, control action of the enhancing parasite to Bemisia tabaci, beautification farm environment, promotion Farmland Landscape
Ornamental value, realize production function and ornamental function integration.
To solve the above problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of it being laid out using Farmland Landscape and increases the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day, this method includes the following contents,
Crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape two types are set by Farmland Landscape layout；Wherein crop habitat
Elements of landscape includes target crop area；Crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape are set by the way of combination
It sets.In Farmland Landscape layout, the differentiation of Biotope Landscape elements of landscape and abiotic habitat elements of landscape centainly will be clear that,
It is clear, and must be set by the way of combining with other elements as the target crop area in the elements of landscape of crop habitat
It sets, and non-singularity is arranged, this is the basis of technical solution of the present invention.
It is further that crop habitat of the present invention elements of landscape further includes fruit tree area and/or phanerogam area.In cigarette
In aleyrodid controlling unit, be arranged fruit tree area or phanerogam area be very it is necessary to, and both preferably combined type setting simultaneously
(preferably the two is non-conterminous), and the natural enemy natural contral for being not provided with the farm environment Bemisia tabaci of the two is just very weak.
Further be, non-crop habitat elements of landscape of the present invention include shrub area, arbor area, water environment area, roadway area its
One of or it is a variety of.It is arranged by the way of the combination of both shrub area, arbor area first in non-crop habitat elements of landscape
Around target crop area, it is equipped with water environment area, to build three-dimensional agricultural environment, the natural enemy of Bemisia tabaci is controlled naturally
System culture is highly beneficial.
Preceding solution is the theories integration basis of the technology of the present invention content, and most core is related to from the technical solution
The technology contents of the heart.In Bemisia tabaci natural enemy control process, usually begin one's study from a large amount of releases of parasite, thus
It obtains a lot in some particular moment, in some specific environment stage, needs that how many parasite discharged.Using quantity to enough
Mode carry out natural enemy control, but do not account for this quantity whether far beyond science predetermined value, if more enough satisfactions
The ability to bear of natural habitat, it is clear that answer is negative.The invention is intended to not from the burst size of natural enemy, but from
Whole ecological chain control is set out, and is given " bio-diversity " high value scientific idea and is carried out " instruction to the natural enemy of a certain pest
Practice ", and its natural contral power can be greatly enhanced, to realize effective control to the pest.
It is further that in the elements of landscape of crop habitat of the present invention, the institute, target crop area planting plants are posted for Bemisia tabaci
Any one or more crop within the scope of main plant, tillage method and time cycle by this kind of crop normal cultivation mode into
Row；The phanerogam area be rose, forget-me-not, Lisianthus, carnation Fresh Cutting flower one or more growing area；Described
Fruit tree area is that sugar content is higher and the higher fruit cultivation area of economic value (such as grape, peach, pears) for cultivation.Fruit tree and flowering are planted
Object can provide the energy matters such as growth and development and parasitic required sugar for landscape endophyte natural enemy insect；Its fruit and flower
The products such as grass also can be used as the economic output that addition product promotes entire Farmland Landscape system.
It is further that in non-crop habitat elements of landscape of the present invention, the shrub area, arbor area plant are conventional gardens
The higher aithullium of ornamental value in green plants；The water environment area include aquatic plant cultivation, water storage pond and river
The Farmland Landscape that is set as of stream, water environment provides enough moisture and humidity, is conducive to plant growth inside landscape, is also conducive to natural enemy elder brother
The foundation of worm population；The roadway area includes the water channel of driveway, both sides of the road shade tree and road side.It needs to particularly point out
Be roadway area setting be very it is necessary to.Conventional farmland setting is very dull, even if rising to after Farmland Landscape
Substantially the functional unit of similar roadway area is not also included, under the overall situation of " blue montains and green waters is exactly Kingsoft Yin Shan ", certainly less not
The effect of people in the environment.And the effect also gradually it is more and more prominent, highlight.Conventional generally understanding is that people is entering one
After a ecological chain (circle), it is easy to just break the balance of the ecological chain (circle), the destructiveness that can not be made up can be caused to it
Final result, but the application it was discovered by researchers that suitably in an ecological environment be added people involvement, to certain ecological environment
Really can play the role of energetically, promote.Final the application researcher confirms that the technical point really posts Bemisia tabaci
The raising of natural disposition natural enemy natural contral power plays positive facilitation, thinks that very it is necessary to be promoted.
It is further that the aithullium that shrub area of the present invention selects is pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, Ligustrum vicaryi are one such
Or it is a variety of；The aithullium that arbor area selects is sweet osmanthus and/or wide yulan.The setting of aithullium is winter temperature in order to prevent
When lower, soil bare area is larger inside landscape, and aithullium can provide in winter for natural enemy insect and protect place, guarantees to come
When year production season starts, field natural enemy insect population quantity；Shrub selects color leafed plants, and arbor selects flowering plant, can increase
Add the ornamental value inside landscape, promotes ornamental value.
It is further that Farmland Landscape layout of the present invention is, by the target crop area in the elements of landscape of crop habitat
The center of entire Farmland Landscape is set, remaining elements of landscape is randomly distributed in target crop area week in the form of fragmentation
It encloses.
It is further that Farmland Landscape layout of the present invention is that Farmland Landscape whole installation is 100 ± 20m's of radius
Border circular areas (circle is only to illustrate the technical program to use, and not concrete shape limits), target crop area is located at center,
30 ± 2 mu of land occupation；Remaining is other crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape.Here emphasis is that target is made
The area in object area, followed by the setting position in target crop area.
It is further each fruit tree area of the present invention, 1.5~2.0 mu of phanerogam area elements of landscape fragment occupied area；Often
A shrub area, 0.5~1.0 mu of arbor area elements of landscape fragment occupied area；Each water environment area elements of landscape fragment is according to water
The Landscape Form of ambient zone determines its occupied area, and specific area is, aquatic plant cultivation 1~1.5 mu, reservoir is not more than
0.5 mu；The natural causes such as river regard natural conditions and determine.The garage road width 4m of roadway area, water channel wide 1m, deep 1.5m.Remaining scape
The area for seeing element can refer to this section of curriculum offering, it is pointed out that water storage pool area cannot be excessive, aquatic plant cultivation
Area also cannot be excessive, and cannot be greater than the area in fruit tree area and phanerogam area.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are 1) technical solution of the present invention proposes using crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop
The method theory that the mode of habitat elements of landscape combination controls a certain harmful organism, gives the research of subsequent other biological
Theoretical direction out；2) technical solution of the present invention no longer by this technology essential factor of people exclude except ecological environment, but by its
It is dissolved into ecological environment itself, sufficiently research confirms that this technology essential factor of people can actually to raising natural enemy and pest
Bring positive influence；3) call of technical solution of the present invention response " blue montains and green waters is exactly Kingsoft Yin Shan ", meets the year two thousand twenty
In the activity meaning of " bio-diversity " the 15th conference of contracting party that China holds, use is more scientific, more environmentally-friendly, more
The attitude of humanistic spirit goes to solve the problems, such as control of insect；4) technical solution of the present invention is had found conscientiously and is laid out using Farmland Landscape
Increase the method for the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day, key crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape therein are equal
It has found also experiment to finish, effective control to Bemisia tabaci has finally been realized using technical solution of the present invention, and to ecological hazard
It is very small, it is highly in the field of business to be widely popularized；5) technical solution of the present invention is used, on the basis for guaranteeing productivity effect
On, so that farm environment equally becomes a kind of landscape, and the landscape is collection agricultural production, and sight, which spends, sees fruit, seeing more purposes such as leaf, is
The landscape set of one can be promoted in reallocation of land design of the city with rural area and edge zone well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is landscape layout schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is roadway area overlooking structure diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is Bemisia tabaci Nymph pests occurrence rule figure in different landscape configuration mode tomato ground of the present invention.
Fig.3 Occurrence of Bemisia tabaci nymphs in tomato fields with
different landscape configuration.
Fig. 4 is Bemisia tabaci adults pests occurrence rule figure in different landscape configuration mode tomato ground of the present invention.
Fig.4 Occurrence of Bemisia tabaci adults in tomato field with
different landscape configuration.
Figure label are as follows: shade tree (1)；Driveway (2)；Water channel (3).
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
A method of it being laid out using Farmland Landscape and increases the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day, this method includes the following contents,
Crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape two types are set by Farmland Landscape layout；Wherein crop habitat
Elements of landscape includes target crop area；Crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape are set by the way of combination
It sets.In Farmland Landscape layout, the differentiation of Biotope Landscape elements of landscape and abiotic habitat elements of landscape centainly will be clear that,
It is clear, and must be set by the way of combining with other elements as the target crop area in the elements of landscape of crop habitat
It sets, and non-singularity is arranged, this is the basis of technical solution of the present invention.
It is further that crop habitat of the present invention elements of landscape further includes fruit tree area and/or phanerogam area.In cigarette
In aleyrodid controlling unit, be arranged fruit tree area or phanerogam area be very it is necessary to, and both preferably combined type setting simultaneously
(preferably the two is non-conterminous), and the natural enemy natural contral for being not provided with the farm environment Bemisia tabaci of the two is just very weak.
Further be, non-crop habitat elements of landscape of the present invention include shrub area, arbor area, water environment area, roadway area its
One of or it is a variety of.It is arranged by the way of the combination of both shrub area, arbor area first in non-crop habitat elements of landscape
Around target crop area, it is equipped with water environment area, to build three-dimensional agricultural environment, the natural enemy of Bemisia tabaci is controlled naturally
System culture is highly beneficial.
Preceding solution is the theories integration basis of the technology of the present invention content, and most core is related to from the technical solution
The technology contents of the heart.In Bemisia tabaci natural enemy control process, usually begin one's study from a large amount of releases of parasite, thus
It obtains a lot in some particular moment, in some specific environment stage, needs that how many parasite discharged.Using quantity to enough
Mode carry out natural enemy control, but do not account for this quantity whether far beyond science predetermined value, if more enough satisfactions
The ability to bear of natural habitat, it is clear that answer is negative.The invention is intended to not from the burst size of natural enemy, but from
Whole ecological chain control is set out, and is given " bio-diversity " high value scientific idea and is carried out " instruction to the natural enemy of a certain pest
Practice ", and its natural contral power can be greatly enhanced, to realize effective control to the pest.
It is further that in the elements of landscape of crop habitat of the present invention, the institute, target crop area planting plants are posted for Bemisia tabaci
Any one or more crop within the scope of main plant, tillage method and time cycle by this kind of crop normal cultivation mode into
Row；The phanerogam area be rose, forget-me-not, Lisianthus, carnation Fresh Cutting flower one or more growing area；Described
Fruit tree area is that sugar content is higher and the higher fruit cultivation area of economic value (such as grape, peach, pears) for cultivation.Fruit tree and flowering are planted
Object can provide the energy matters such as growth and development and parasitic required sugar for landscape endophyte natural enemy insect；Its fruit and flower
The products such as grass also can be used as the economic output that addition product promotes entire Farmland Landscape system.
It is further that in non-crop habitat elements of landscape of the present invention, the shrub area, arbor area plant are conventional gardens
The higher aithullium of ornamental value in green plants；The water environment area include aquatic plant cultivation, water storage pond and river
The Farmland Landscape that is set as of stream, water environment provides enough moisture and humidity, is conducive to plant growth inside landscape, is also conducive to natural enemy elder brother
The foundation of worm population；The roadway area includes the water channel of driveway, both sides of the road shade tree and road side.It needs to particularly point out
Be roadway area setting be very it is necessary to.Conventional farmland setting is very dull, even if rising to after Farmland Landscape
Substantially the functional unit of similar roadway area is not also included, under the overall situation of " blue montains and green waters is exactly Kingsoft Yin Shan ", certainly less not
The effect of people in the environment.And the effect also gradually it is more and more prominent, highlight.Conventional generally understanding is that people is entering one
After a ecological chain (circle), it is easy to just break the balance of the ecological chain (circle), the destructiveness that can not be made up can be caused to it
Final result, but the application it was discovered by researchers that suitably in an ecological environment be added people involvement, to certain ecological environment
Really can play the role of energetically, promote.Final the application researcher confirms that the technical point really posts Bemisia tabaci
The raising of natural disposition natural enemy natural contral power plays positive facilitation, thinks that very it is necessary to be promoted.
It is further that the aithullium that shrub area of the present invention selects is pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, Ligustrum vicaryi are one such
Or it is a variety of；The aithullium that arbor area selects is sweet osmanthus and/or wide yulan.The setting of aithullium is winter temperature in order to prevent
When lower, soil bare area is larger inside landscape, and aithullium can provide in winter for natural enemy insect and protect place, guarantees to come
When year production season starts, field natural enemy insect population quantity；Shrub selects color leafed plants, and arbor selects flowering plant, can increase
Add the ornamental value inside landscape, promotes ornamental value.
It is further that Farmland Landscape layout of the present invention is, by the target crop area in the elements of landscape of crop habitat
The center of entire Farmland Landscape is set, remaining elements of landscape is randomly distributed in target crop area week in the form of fragmentation
It encloses.
It is further that Farmland Landscape layout of the present invention is that Farmland Landscape whole installation is 100 ± 20m's of radius
Border circular areas (circle is only to illustrate the technical program to use, and not concrete shape limits), target crop area is located at center,
30 ± 2 mu of land occupation；Remaining is other crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape.Here emphasis is that target is made
The area in object area, followed by the setting position in target crop area.
It is further each fruit tree area of the present invention, 1.5~2.0 mu of phanerogam area elements of landscape fragment occupied area；Often
A shrub area, 0.5~1.0 mu of arbor area elements of landscape fragment occupied area；Each water environment area elements of landscape fragment is according to water
The Landscape Form of ambient zone determines its occupied area, and specific area is, aquatic plant cultivation 1~1.5 mu, reservoir is not more than
0.5 mu；The natural causes such as river regard natural conditions and determine.The garage road width 4m of roadway area, water channel wide 1m, deep 1.5m.Remaining scape
The area for seeing element can refer to this section of curriculum offering, it is pointed out that water storage pool area cannot be excessive, aquatic plant cultivation
Area also cannot be excessive, and cannot be greater than the area in fruit tree area and phanerogam area.
Specific embodiment is described in detail
(1) Farmland Landscape configuration mode:
Landscape arrangement mode 1: 1 focus target crop area long-term cropping of Farmland Landscape is Bemisia tabaci host plant-tomato,
Tomato variety: in grind TV1.Surrounding configuration elements of landscape is aided with water environment area, arbor area and filling based on fruit tree area and flowers area
The elements such as the wooden area.Fruit tree area and the total occupied area 4500m of phanerogam Qu2Left and right, fruit tree area long-term cropping are grape or pears, are shown
Flowering plant area long-term cropping is the Fresh Cutting flowers such as rose, forget-me-not, Lisianthus, carnation；The whole land occupation in shrub area and arbor area
Area is respectively 1000m2Left and right, wherein shrub area planting plants are pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, Ligustrum vicaryi etc., and the plantation of arbor area is planted
Object is sweet osmanthus, wide yulan etc.；Water environment area is mainly reservoir and wild rice stem planting site.In each elements of landscape, except road is used for agriculture
Field landscape internal transportation is used, and must be that fragmentation is randomly distributed in around target growing area with whole installation, each elements of landscape.
Landscape arrangement mode 2: 2 focus target crop area long-term cropping of Farmland Landscape is Bemisia tabaci host plant-tomato,
Tomato variety: in grind TV1.Surrounding configuration elements of landscape is aided with the members such as fruit tree area, phanerogam area based on water environment region
Element.Water environment type be mainly one by Landscape Region domain river, the wide 10m in river, Zhan Jingguan internal area 2500m2Left and right,
Remaining water environment is that reservoir and wild rice stem plant field, and whole occupied area is about 1000m2；The entirety in fruit tree area and phanerogam area
Occupied area is respectively 1800m2Left and right, wherein fruit tree area long-term cropping is grape, and phanerogam area long-term cropping is rose, does not forget
I, Lisianthus, the Fresh Cutting flowers such as carnation；The whole occupied area in shrub area and arbor area is respectively 1000m2It controls, wherein shrub
Area's planting plants are pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, Ligustrum vicaryi etc., and arbor area planting plants are sweet osmanthus, wide yulan etc..Each elements of landscape
In, due to natural cause and Farmland Landscape internal transportation, river and road element are whole installation, remaining each elements of landscape is
Fragmentation is randomly distributed in around target growing area.
Control sample: only plant Bemisia tabaci host plant-tomato to control sample, tomato variety: in grind TV1.
(2) investigation method
Test one: investigation carries out to tomato in the target crop area of 3 kinds of Landscape arrangements, opens within the 10th day after tomato transplanting
Begin, until extracting tomato plant after tomato picking.Use 5 point sampling of diagonal line hang yellow plate (specification for 20cm × 23cm),
Yellow plate is hung at the top of tomato plant, and replacement in every 10 days is primary, is recorded Bemisia tabaci parasitoid species and quantity on yellow plate, is adopted
The dominance of Bemisia tabaci parasite: D=N is calculated with Berger-parker dominance indexmax/N,(NmaxFor parasitic wasp
Population quantity, N are the population quantity of whole insects).
Test two: investigation carries out to tomato in the target crop area of 3 kinds of Landscape arrangements, opens within the 10th day after tomato transplanting
Begin, until extracting tomato plant after tomato picking.Using 5 point sampling of diagonal line, every takes 1 plant of tomato plant at random, at random
5 tomato leafs are gently turned over, Bemisia tabaci adults quantity is recorded.The blade opened is taken, takes back in laboratory and is seen under stereoscope
Bemisia tabaci Nymph situation is examined, Bemisia tabaci Nymph quantity is recorded.
Test three: investigation carries out to tomato in the target crop area of 3 kinds of Landscape arrangements, opens within the 10th day after tomato transplanting
Begin, until extracting tomato plant after tomato picking.Using 5 point sampling of diagonal line, every takes 1 plant of tomato plant at random, at random
Win 5 tomato leafs, take back in laboratory in being raised 1 month or more in insulating box, record Bemisia tabaci Nymph quantity and by
Parasitic quantity.
(3) parasitoid species form in tomato ground under different landscape configuration mode
Parasitoid species form in tomato ground under 1 different landscape configuration mode of table
Table 1 Species composition of parasitic natural enemies in tomato
field under different landscape configuration
Note: the significance of difference uses Duncan duncan's new multiple range method between each processing, is calculated using DPS7.5.It is each in table
Numerical value is average value ± standard error, and different lowercase letter indication differences are significant.Similarly hereinafter.
Parasitoid species composition is as shown in table 1 in tomato ground under different landscape configuration mode.It is different in addition to compareing field
In the tomato ground of Landscape arrangement mode, Encarsia formosa proportion is slightly larger, is secondly pale yellow grace aphid chalcid fly, Meng Shi eretmocerus SP
It is slightly lower with Hai Shi eretmocerus SP proportion.In the Farmland Landscape configured with flowers, fruit tree by main elements of landscape, beautiful aphid
Chalcid fly proportion is maximum, is significantly higher than the Farmland Landscape configured with water environment by main elements of landscape, different croplands landscape
Encarsia formosa proportion is significantly higher than the pure (F that tills land of tomato in tomato ground under configuration2,8=49.8150, P=0.0002).Its
Remaining several parasites proportional difference in the tomato ground of different croplands Landscape arrangement mode is unobvious and is all remarkably higher than kind
Pure (the pale yellow grace aphid chalcid fly: F of tilling land of eggplant2,8=82.8590, P=0.0001；Meng Shi eretmocerus SP: F2,8=19.9940, P=
0.0022；Hai Shi eretmocerus SP: F2,8=26.9140, P=0.0010).Illustrate Landscape arrangement mode pair provided by the present invention
Parasitoid species and ratio have facilitation in tomato ground.
(4) Bemisia tabaci pests occurrence rule
Bemisia tabaci Nymph pests occurrence rule is similar in different landscape configuration mode tomato ground.Mid-April, cigarette in three kinds of tomato ground
Aleyrodid nymph quantity is begun to ramp up, wherein Bemisia tabaci Nymph increases in tomato ground under the two kinds of landscape patterns configured with the present invention
More gentle, the pure Tanaka's Bemisia tabaci Nymph quantity of making of tomato increases compared with block；To by the end of July, Bemisia tabaci Nymph quantity in three kinds of tomato ground
Reach maximum value, wherein the pure Tanaka's nymph quantity of making of tomato is higher, and up to 64.4 heads/plant, the present invention configures two kinds of landscape moulds
Tomato Tanaka's Bemisia tabaci Nymph negligible amounts of formula, respectively 35.8 heads/plant and 35.6 heads/plant；Three kinds of tomato Tanaka's cigarettes later
Aleyrodid nymph quantity is begun to decline, until investigation terminates (Fig. 3).
Bemisia tabaci adults pests occurrence rule is different in different landscape configuration mode tomato ground, and tomato is pure to make Tanaka's Bemisia tabaci adults
Quantity is apparently higher than the present invention and configures two kinds of Farmland Landscapes.Mid-April, tomato is pure to be made on Tanaka's Bemisia tabaci adults quantity starts
It rises, until 5 middle of the month remained relatively stable, late June starts sharp increase, until mid-July reaches maximum value, up to 15 every plant, it
Its population quantity is begun to decline afterwards, until decline is until investigation terminates after ging up by a small margin by the end of August.Two kinds of agricultures that the present invention is configured
Take place at the beginning of Bemisia tabaci to 5 months in tomato field in the landscape of field, population quantity is begun to ramp up later, using flowers as main landscape member
Start to occur obviously fluctuating at the beginning of configuration Tanaka's Bemisia tabaci quantity to 6 months of element, until investigation terminates, it is main with water environment
Configuration Tanaka's Bemisia tabaci quantity of elements of landscape rises to after late June slightly declines, and rise, reaches mid-July at the beginning of 7 months
Maximum value is 8 heads/plant, its population quantity drops to early August later, and of short duration later be back to begins to decline afterwards by the end of August, until
Investigation terminates (Fig. 4).
(5) parasite is to Bemisia tabaci parasitic rate
Parasitic rate of the parasite to Bemisia tabaci in tomato ground under 2 different landscape configuration mode of table
Table 2 Parasitic rate of natural parasitic enemyin tomato field
under different landscape configuration
Parasite is as shown in table 2 to the parasitic rate of Bemisia tabaci in tomato ground under different landscape configuration mode.At the beginning of 5 months
Before, respectively parasitic wasp is 0 to the parasitic rate of Bemisia tabaci in processing tomato ground.Mid-May, each handle start in tomato ground
Show parasitic wasp to the parasitism of Bemisia tabaci, and as time goes by, parasitic rate gradually increases；To late July, matched using the present invention
Bemisia tabaci is reached maximum by parasitic rate in the two kinds of Farmland Landscapes set, and respectively 65.77% and 49.37%, pure tomato of tilling land
Bemisia tabaci is reached maximum by parasitic rate to mid-July in ground, is 19.38%.Bemisia tabaci in field tomato ground is respectively handled later
It is gradually decreased by parasitic rate, until investigation terminates.Bemisia tabaci is always of the invention to utilize by parasitic rate in each processing field tomato ground
It is larger in the two kinds of Farmland Landscapes configured, respectively 23.45% and 21.51%, it is significantly higher than the pure (F that tills land of tomato2,8=
3.2940 P=0.0496).
The above test results show that the Farmland Landscape configured using the present invention is to parasitic enemy insect natural contral power
Enhancing be substantially better than that conventional tomato is pure to till land.Bemisia tabaci parasitic wasp forms in Farmland Landscape and it is to Bemisia tabaci parasitism
As can be seen that in the Farmland Landscape that the present invention is configured in rate test, the parasite that is set as of flowers and fruit tree is provided
Enough energy substances and habitat, the setting of water environment also optimize the living environment of parasitic enemy insect, solve
The problem of pure adverse circumstances of tilling land are to parasitic enemy insect adverse effect, provides strong branch for the biological control of aleyrodid class pest
It holds.
Farmland Landscape layout method and result of the increase parasite to Bemisia tabaci natural contral power are carried out above
Be described in detail, as long as but slightly adjusted using method of the invention, such as target crop selection, elements of landscape type and ratio
Example, allocation position and segmentation of fragmentation element etc., can increase shaped like insects such as trialeurodes vaporariorum, drosophilas by parasitic rate.
Above-described is only specific embodiments of the present invention, and well known concrete configuration mode and characteristic etc. are normal in scheme
Knowledge does not describe excessively herein.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise of not departing from the present invention,
Several modifications and improvements can also be made, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence the present invention
The effect and patent practicability of implementation.The scope of protection required by this application should be based on the content of the claims, explanation
The records such as the specific embodiment in book can be used for explaining the content of claim.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of be laid out the method for increasing the hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape, which is characterized in that this method includes
Farmland Landscape layout is set crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape two types by the following contents；Its
Middle crop habitat elements of landscape includes target crop area；Crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape use group
The mode of conjunction is arranged.
2. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the crop habitat elements of landscape further includes fruit tree area and/or phanerogam area.
3. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, non-crop habitat elements of landscape includes that shrub area, arbor area, water environment area, roadway area are one such or a variety of.
4. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, target crop area institute's planting plants are in Bemisia tabaci host range in the elements of landscape of crop habitat
Any one or more crop；The phanerogam area is rose, forget-me-not, Lisianthus, carnation Fresh Cutting flower one kind or several
The growing area of kind；The fruit tree area is that sugar content is higher and the higher fruit cultivation area of economic value for cultivation.
5. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 1 or 3,
It is characterized in that, the shrub area, arbor area plant are to see in conventional garden plants in non-crop habitat elements of landscape
Reward is worth higher aithullium；The water environment area include aquatic plant cultivation, water storage pond and river；The roadway area
Water channel including driveway, both sides of the road shade tree and road side.
6. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, the aithullium that shrub area selects is pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, Ligustrum vicaryi are one such or a variety of；Arbor area
The aithullium selected is sweet osmanthus and/or wide yulan.
7. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, the Farmland Landscape layout is that the target crop area in the elements of landscape of crop habitat is arranged in entire agriculture
The center of field landscape, remaining elements of landscape are randomly distributed in around target crop area in the form of fragmentation.
8. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, the Farmland Landscape layout is that Farmland Landscape whole installation is the border circular areas of 100 ± 20m of radius, and target is made
Object area is located at center, takes up an area 30 ± 2 mu；Remaining is other crop habitat elements of landscape and non-crop habitat elements of landscape.
9. a kind of method for being laid out the increase hostile Bemisia tabaci control force in day using Farmland Landscape according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that, each fruit tree area, 1.5~2.0 mu of phanerogam area elements of landscape fragment occupied area；Each shrub area, arbor
0.5~1.0 mu of area's elements of landscape fragment occupied area；Landscape shape of each water environment area elements of landscape fragment according to water environment area
Formula determines its occupied area, and specific area is, aquatic plant cultivation 1~1.5 mu, reservoir is not more than 0.5 mu.
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