CN111066607A - High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice with one harvest and two harvests - Google Patents

High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice with one harvest and two harvests Download PDF

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CN111066607A
CN111066607A CN201911360283.XA CN201911360283A CN111066607A CN 111066607 A CN111066607 A CN 111066607A CN 201911360283 A CN201911360283 A CN 201911360283A CN 111066607 A CN111066607 A CN 111066607A
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fertilizer
season
rice
harvest
quality
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徐小林
胡志华
余喜初
李大明
叶会财
胡丹丹
宋慧洁
吴艳
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JIANGXI INSTITUTE OF REO SOIL
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a two-harvest high-quality and high-yield planting method for rice, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and planting. The two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for the rice, provided by the embodiment of the invention, adopts an organic substitution technology, integrates biological and physical pest and disease management technologies, remarkably reduces the investment of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the two-harvest rice production, has outstanding contribution to the sustainability of the farmland quality and the rice quality safety, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.

Description

High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice with one harvest and two harvests
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and planting, in particular to a two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for rice.
Background
China is an important large world-wide rice planting country, the planting area is more than 3000 million hectares throughout the year, people who use rice as staple food account for more than 50% of the population of China, and the rice consumed in China is about 1.8 hundred million tons every year. The guarantee of the rice yield has extremely important significance for stabilizing the food safety in China.
The secondary rice-regenerated rice is a planting system which utilizes axillary buds on rice piles after first harvest to germinate into ears and realizes double harvest through reasonable management. Compared with traditional middle rice and double cropping rice, the middle rice-regenerated rice has the advantages of high yield-input ratio, high rice quality and the like. In addition, with the increasing labor cost in recent years, the area of changing double cropping rice into single cropping rice in China is continuously enlarged, and the grain safety faces huge threats. Therefore, the development of the ratoon rice planting has increasingly prominent effects on relieving the labor pressure in double-cropping rice planting areas, stabilizing the rice yield in double-changing single areas, ensuring the national food safety and the like.
With the rapid development of economy in China, the requirement of people on food is gradually changed from the requirement on the total amount to the pursuit of quality. However, the high yield is mainly pursued by farmers at present, and the excessive application of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and the like has outstanding effect on ensuring the yield, but has great threat to the quality, safety and ecological environment of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for rice, which aims to solve the problem that the quality, safety and ecological environment of rice are greatly threatened due to excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers and the like in pursuing high yield in the conventional rice planting.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
according to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a two-harvest high-quality and high-yield planting method for rice comprises the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing, irrigating and retting the rice field 10-15 days before sowing or transplanting;
variety selection: selecting a variety with strong tillering regeneration capability, lodging resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent rice quality, 120-140 days of growth period and 110-130 cm of plant height;
planting: the planting mode is conventional transplanting, and the planting density is 1.5-1.8 ten thousand plants/mu;
first season fertilizer and water management: the first season fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer, a tiller fertilizer and a spike fertilizer; applying base fertilizer 1-2 days before transplanting, applying tiller fertilizer 7-10 days after transplanting, and applying spike fertilizer when the first young spike is differentiated for 3-4 period;
harvesting in first season: harvesting the first season before the middle ten days of 8 months, and controlling the stubble height to be between 20 and 40 cm;
managing fertilizer and water in the regeneration season: the regeneration season fertilizer comprises a germination promoting fertilizer and a seedling promoting fertilizer, wherein the germination promoting fertilizer is applied 15-20 days after the first season is flush with the ears, and the seedling promoting fertilizer is applied 2-3 days after the first season is harvested;
and (3) pest and disease management: a solar insecticidal lamp is installed in the field, and biological pesticide is used.
Further, in the conventional transplanting process, the sowing time is 3 months at the bottom or 4 months at the top, the seedlings are intensively raised, and the transplanting seedling age is 25-30 days.
Further, in the first season fertilizer water management process, the content of nitrogen fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is 150-165 kg/hm or less in terms of pure nitrogen2According to the base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: spike fertilizer is 4: 3: 3 weight ratio; the phosphorus fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is converted into P2O5The content is 96-102 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the first season fertilizer2The content of O is 120-130 kg/hm2According to the base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 1: 1 weight ratio; the organic fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is fresh pig manure or commercial organic fertilizer, and the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 10-20 t/hm2Fresh pig manure or 3-6 t/hm2The commercial organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer.
Furthermore, in the first season fertilizer and water management process, the first season irrigation is carried out in a dry-wet alternative irrigation mode, and the field is fully dried before the first season is harvested.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer in the regenerated quaternary fertilizer is converted into pure nitrogen with the consumption of 80-90 kg/hm2According to the bud promoting fertilizer: and (3) promoting the seedling growth fertilizer: 2 weight ratio; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the regeneration season fertilizer2The dosage of O is 45-60 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a sprout promoting fertilizer.
Furthermore, in the fertilizer and water management of the regeneration season, the water is rehydrated to 3-5cm after horse race water is irrigated once the day after the first season is harvested, and dry-wet alternative irrigation is adopted in the middle and later periods.
Further, in the pest and disease management process, one solar insecticidal lamp is installed according to 40-45 mu or one solar insecticidal lamp is installed at an interval of 100 m.
Further, in the pest and disease management process, the biological pesticide comprises 1000 hundred million spores/g wettable powder of bacillus subtilis, 20% of validamycin water-soluble particles, 25% of bismerthiazol wettable powder, 2.5% of jinggang bacillus subtilis aqueous solution, 72% of streptomycin, 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 25% of buprofezin wettable powder, 2.5% of cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate and 50% of niclosamide ethanolamine salt particles.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for the rice, provided by the embodiment of the invention, adopts an organic substitution technology, integrates biological and physical pest and disease management technologies, remarkably reduces the investment of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the two-harvest rice production, has outstanding contribution to the sustainability of the farmland quality and the rice quality safety, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.
The planting method is suitable for double-cropping rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China and single-cropping rice areas with sufficient light and temperature resources. Compared with conventional planting, the planting method can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer by 15-20%, reduce the pesticide input by 20-30%, and increase the yield of the middle-season rice-regenerated rice system by 2321-2865 kg/hm through a middle-season rice-regenerated rice test project implemented in Jiangxi province2The economic benefit per hectare is averagely increased by 3988-6079 yuan.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for rice is applied to a middle-aged rice-regenerated rice test project entering xian county in Nanchang City in Jiangxi 2016, and comprises the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing at 2016, 4, 15 days, and irrigating to wet the field so as to thoroughly decompose the overwintering green manure and kill the overwintering pupae;
variety selection: selecting a pseudo-Liangyou 608 variety which has strong tillering regeneration capability, lodging resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent rice quality, 120-140 days of growth period and 110-130 cm of plant height;
planting: the planting mode is conventional transplanting, seeding and seedling raising are carried out on 10 days in 4 months, and transplanting is carried out on 4 days in 5 months, wherein the planting density is 1.67 ten thousand plants/mu;
first season fertilizer and water management: the reduced pure nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is 156kg/hm2According to the base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: spike fertilizer is 4: 3: 3 weight ratio; the phosphorus fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is converted into P2O5The content is 96kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the first season fertilizer2The O content is 120kg/hm2According to the base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 1: 1 weight ratio; the organic fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is fresh pig manure, and the using amount is 15t/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer. Applying a base fertilizer one day before transplanting rice, applying a tillering fertilizer 10 days after transplanting, and applying a spike fertilizer in a young spike differentiation stage 3-4; the first season irrigation is carried out in a dry-wet alternative irrigation mode, and the rice piles are fully dried in the sun 1 week before the first season harvest so as to reduce the rolling of the rice piles during the harvest;
harvesting in first season: harvesting the first crop in 8 months and 14 days, and keeping the height of the stubble at 20-40 cm.
Managing fertilizer and water in the regeneration season: the nitrogen fertilizer in the regenerated season fertilizer is converted into pure nitrogen with the use amount of 84kg/hm2According to the bud promoting fertilizer: and (3) promoting the seedling growth fertilizer: 2 weight ratio; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the regeneration season fertilizer2The dosage of O is 45-60 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a sprout promoting fertilizer. The bud promoting fertilizer is applied 15 days after the first season is flush with the ears, and the seedling promoting fertilizer is applied 3 days after the first season is harvested;and (4) irrigating horse race water once the day after harvesting in the first season, then rehydrating to 3-5cm, and irrigating alternately in the middle and later stages.
And (3) pest control: a solar insecticidal lamp is installed every 45 mu, biological pesticide is used, and the use method of the biological pesticide is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 methods of using biopesticides in pest control processes
Figure BDA0002337000230000041
Figure BDA0002337000230000051
Compared with conventional planting, the method can increase the yield of 2321kg of rice per hectare, reduce the fertilizer and pesticide investment by 20 percent and 30 percent respectively, and increase the economic benefit by 4873 yuan/hm2Has obvious ecological and economic benefits.
Example 2
A two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for rice is applied to a test project of Zhongdao-regenerated rice in Nanchang county, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province in 2017, and comprises the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing in 2017, 4 and 25 months, irrigating and retting the field after deep ploughing so as to fully decompose the overwintering green manure and kill the overwintering pupas, and irrigating and retting the field after deep ploughing so as to fully decompose the overwintering green manure and kill the overwintering pupas;
variety selection: selecting a Liangyou Huazhan variety with strong tillering regeneration capacity, lodging resistance, high temperature resistance, growth period of 120-140 days and plant height of 110-130 cm;
planting: the planting mode is conventional transplanting, seeding and seedling raising are carried out on 10 days in 4 months, and transplanting is carried out on 10 days in 5 months, wherein the planting density is 1.67 ten thousand plants/mu;
first season fertilizer and water management: the content of nitrogen fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is 165kg/hm compared with pure nitrogen2According to the base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: spike fertilizer is 4: 3: 3 weight ratio; the phosphorus fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is converted into P2O5The content is 102kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer; in the first season fertilizerPotassium fertilizer folding K2The O content is 128kg/hm2According to the base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 1: 1 weight ratio; the organic fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is commercial organic fertilizer, and the using amount is 4.5t/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer. Applying a base fertilizer one day before transplanting rice, applying a tillering fertilizer 15 days after transplanting, and applying a spike fertilizer in a young spike differentiation stage 3-4; the first season irrigation is carried out in a dry-wet alternative irrigation mode, and the rice piles are fully dried in the sun 1 week before the first season harvest so as to reduce the rolling of the rice piles during the harvest;
harvesting in first season: harvesting the first crop in 8 months and 14 days, and keeping the height of the stubble at 20-40 cm.
Managing fertilizer and water in the regeneration season: the regeneration season fertilizer mainly comprises a bud promoting fertilizer and a seedling promoting fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the regeneration season fertilizer is 84kg/hm compared with pure nitrogen2According to the bud promoting fertilizer: and (3) promoting the seedling growth fertilizer: 2 weight ratio; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the regeneration season fertilizer2The dosage of O is 45-60 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a sprout promoting fertilizer. The bud promoting fertilizer is applied 20 days after the first season is flush with the ears, and the seedling promoting fertilizer is applied 2 days after the first season is harvested; and (4) irrigating horse race water once the day after harvesting in the first season, then rehydrating to 3-5cm, and irrigating alternately in the middle and later stages.
And (3) pest control: a solar insect killing lamp is installed at intervals of 100 meters, biological pesticide is used, and the use method of the biological pesticide is shown in the table 1.
Compared with conventional planting, the method can increase the yield of 2865kg of rice per hectare, reduce the investment of chemical fertilizer and pesticide by 15 percent and 20 percent respectively, and increase the economic benefit by 6079 yuan/hm2The ecological and economic benefits are obvious.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. A two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing, irrigating and retting the rice field 10-15 days before sowing or transplanting;
variety selection: selecting a variety with strong tillering regeneration capability, lodging resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent rice quality, 120-140 days of growth period and 110-130 cm of plant height;
planting: the planting mode is conventional transplanting, and the planting density is 1.5-1.8 ten thousand plants/mu;
first season fertilizer and water management: the first season fertilizer comprises a base fertilizer, a tiller fertilizer and a spike fertilizer; applying base fertilizer 1-2 days before transplanting, applying tiller fertilizer 7-10 days after transplanting, and applying spike fertilizer when the first young spike is differentiated for 3-4 period;
harvesting in first season: harvesting the first season before the middle ten days of 8 months, and controlling the stubble height to be between 20 and 40 cm;
managing fertilizer and water in the regeneration season: the regeneration season fertilizer comprises a germination promoting fertilizer and a seedling promoting fertilizer, wherein the germination promoting fertilizer is applied 15-20 days after the first season is flush with the ears, and the seedling promoting fertilizer is applied 2-3 days after the first season is harvested;
and (3) pest and disease management: a solar insecticidal lamp is installed in the field, and biological pesticide is used.
2. The rice two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the conventional transplanting process, the sowing time is 3 months at the bottom or 4 months at the top, the seedlings are raised intensively, and the transplanting seedling age is 25-30 days.
3. The rice two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the first season fertilizer water management process, the reduced pure nitrogen content of nitrogen fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is 150-165 kg/hm2According to the base fertilizer: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: spike fertilizer is 4: 3: 3 weight ratio; the phosphorus fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is converted into P2O5The content is 96-102 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the first season fertilizer2The content of O is 120-130 kg/hm2According to the base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 1: 1 weight ratio; the organic fertilizer in the first season fertilizer is fresh pig manure or commercial organic fertilizer, and the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 10-20 t/hm2Fresh pig manure or 3-6 t/hm2Article of commerceOrganic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the first season fertilizer and water management process, the first season irrigation is performed in a dry-wet alternative irrigation mode, and the field is fully exposed before the first season harvest.
5. The rice two-harvest high-quality high-yield planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the regenerated season fertilizer is 80-90 kg/hm/h as compared with pure nitrogen2According to the bud promoting fertilizer: and (3) promoting the seedling growth fertilizer: 2 weight ratio; k is converted into potassium fertilizer in the regeneration season fertilizer2The dosage of O is 45-60 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied as a sprout promoting fertilizer.
6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the management of the fertile water in the regeneration season, the water is rehydrated to 3-5cm after one time of horse race water irrigation on the day after the first season is harvested, and the alternate irrigation of dry and wet is adopted in the middle and later periods.
7. The method for planting rice with one harvest and high quality and high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the pest and disease control process, the solar pest killing lamps are installed one by one in 40-45 mu or one at every 100 m.
8. The two-harvest high-quality and high-yield planting method for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the pest management process, the biological pesticide comprises 1000 billion spores/g wettable powder of bacillus subtilis, 20% of validamycin water-soluble granules, 25% of bismerthiazol wettable powder, 2.5% of jingganggang-bacillus subtilis aqueous solution, 72% of streptomycin, 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable solution, 25% of buprofezin wettable powder, 2.5% of cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution and 50% of niclosamide ethanolamine granules.
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CN112868480A (en) * 2021-01-26 2021-06-01 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 Double cropping rice cultivation method

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Application publication date: 20200428