CN111374006A

CN111374006A - Method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-cultivation

Info

Publication number: CN111374006A
Application number: CN201911372840.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵其圣
Original assignee: Wuhan Yinshengcai Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Yinshengcai Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-07-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of rice planting. The method comprises the following steps: in a shrimp rice field, Fudao 88 and color fragrant rice are used as mixed sowing varieties, the sowing time is 10-6 months and 20 days, the sowing amount of the Fudao 88 is 3.5-4.5 kg/mu, the sowing amount of the color fragrant rice is 1.6-2.2 kg/mu, the color fragrant rice is sowed 2-4 days later than the Fudao 88, the water level of the shrimp rice field is reduced to be more than 10cm below the field surface 5-7 days before sowing, sowing can be carried out 3-5 days until no obvious water is left on the field surface, the water depth of the field surface is controlled to be 2.5-4cm after sowing 18-24 days, 12-18 kg/mu of 15-15 kg/mu and urea are applied 4-6 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 5-7.5 kg/mu when the rice is booting, keeping the water depth of the field surface at 3-4cm in the young ear differentiation period, and harvesting when Fudao 88 is mature.

Description

Method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-cultivation

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-breeding.

Background

China is a world large country for rice production and consumption, and has a prominent phenomenon of paying attention to yield and neglecting quality to solve the problem of insufficient grains in the past for a long time. Along with the great improvement of the production capacity of food in China, the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the aggravation of international and domestic market competition and the increasingly prominent problem of poor rice quality, the rice quality is a main obstacle for the development of rice production.

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people in China, the consumption concept is continuously updated, and the requirements on the quality of rice are higher and higher. The supply of high-grade and high-quality scented rice is far from meeting the development requirement, and becomes the bottleneck of industrialized development of the high-grade and high-quality scented rice in China. The rice quality, yield, resistance and the like of rice varieties still have contradictions, particularly, the yield difference between high-grade fragrant rice and common rice is large, and the development of the high-grade fragrant rice is greatly restricted, so that the contradictions between high quality, high yield and multi-resistance are further coordinated, and the rice varieties are the main targets of the current rice variety improvement work.

The Longgan lake is formed by contracting and differentiating the Liang lake between Anhui and Jiangxi. Ancient times were part of the "mine pond". The dragon lake and the lake are combined to be called the dragon lake after the people's republic of China builds a country. The Longyi lake is located at the boundary of Jiang north bank, south of Dabie mountain and Jiang province, and is a catchment area of south foot of Dabie mountain, and the area of the whole lake reaches 420 square kilometers (corresponding to 14 meters of water level). Longgan lake is located in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. Is an important flood storage area in the midstream of the Yangtze river. Also is an aquiculture base of the farm in China and sunny in the China and lake regions. A great amount of reclamation is carried out around lakes after the construction of the country, and the method becomes an important food base. At present, rice is planted in the Longgan lake in a large area, crayfish is bred in a large area, and the rice and shrimp co-breeding technology in the area is widely popularized.

Liu Tonghua (422130194511075613) of breeding people in 10 months in 2012 discovers a purple variant strain rice with jasmine fragrance in the rice field of the silkworms planted in the Longgan lake management area, and obtains a variety with purple genetic stability and inactive jasmine fragrance after systematic breeding for six years. The seed coat of the variety is purple, has jasmine fragrance, has the whole growth period of 107 days, the plant height of 115 cm and the thousand grain weight of 21.73 g, the yield of the planted plant per mu is generally 450-kg, the rice quality is excellent, the rice reaches the national second-grade high-quality rice standard, but the lodging resistance is poor. Because of easy lodging, no farmer in the locality is willing to plant.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for co-cultivating and planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimps, which solves the problem that the colorful fragrant rice is easy to fall down locally and is not willing to be planted by farmers. The technical scheme is as follows:

the embodiment of the invention provides a method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-cultivation, which comprises the following steps: in the shrimp paddy field, Fudao 88 and colorful fragrant rice are used as mixed sowing varieties. In local areas, the Fudao 88 has good yield and strong lodging resistance, the whole growth period is 112.5 days, the plant height in a regional test is 114.8 centimeters, and the thousand-grain weight is 22.15 grams. The seed coat of the colorful fragrant rice is purple, has jasmine fragrance, has the whole growth period of 107 days, the plant height of 115 cm and the thousand grain weight of 21.73 g, the yield per mu of the planting is generally 450 plus one kilogram, the quality of the rice is excellent, the rice reaches the national second-grade high-quality rice standard, but the lodging resistance is poor.

The sowing time is 10-6 months and 20 days, the local crayfish receiving season is basically finished in the sowing time period, and the high temperature influence of the blooming can be avoided. The sowing quantity of the Fudao 88 is 3.5-4.5 kg/mu, the sowing quantity of the color fragrant rice is 1.6-2.2 kg/mu, and the sowing quantity is small, so that the formation of full ears is not facilitated; the individual tillering with large seeding amount is obviously inhibited, is not beneficial to the individual growth and is easy to cause rice lodging. The stable and high yield can be obtained only by suitable seeding amount. The colored fragrant rice is sown 2-4 days later than the foxtail rice 88, the colored fragrant rice is properly matured about 3 days in advance, stable inheritance of the fragrance of the colored fragrant rice is facilitated, the maturing rate and the plumpness of the middle and lower parts are improved, tillering can be controlled, and the maturation consistency is improved so as to improve the yield.

The water level of the shrimp paddy field is reduced to be more than 10cm below the surface of the field 5 to 7 days before the sowing, and the shrimp can be sown when the field is dried in the sun for 3 to 5 days until no obvious water exists on the surface of the field, so that the success of sowing is ensured and the germination rate is improved. After sowing for 18-24 days, controlling the water depth of the field surface to be 2.5-4cm, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer of 12-18 kg/mu and urea of 4-6 kg/mu, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer of 5-7.5 kg/mu when the rice is pregnant, sealing the water inlets of the small ridges around the field during each fertilization, and preventing the fertilizer water from running into the annular shrimp ditches at the edges of the field and the cross-shaped small ditches in the middle of the field, thereby not only keeping the fertilizer from flowing out, but also ensuring the influence on the crayfish to be minimum. The young ear differentiation period keeps the water depth of the field surface to be 3-4cm, so that the crayfish can find food on the field surface, the effect of preventing and removing various tender grass is achieved, and meanwhile, a good growth environment is provided for the crayfish. Harvested at maturity of oryza sativa 88. The other processes of rice planting are the same as the optimal yield planting method of rice in the area, and the crayfish breeding is consistent with the conventional method.

Preferably, the sowing amount of the foxtail millet 88 in the embodiment of the invention is 4 kg/mu, the sowing amount of the colored fragrant rice is 2 kg/mu, and the colored fragrant rice is sown 3 days later than the foxtail millet 88.

Furthermore, the compound agent of 60 g of 36 percent bensulfuron-methyl-pretilachlor powder or 80 to 100 ml of 30 percent pretilachlor emulsifiable concentrate is applied to each mu of land 1 to 3 days after sowing and is evenly sprayed with 30kg of water for sealing before germination.

Furthermore, before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament or soaked to kill the germs on the rice seeds. The method specifically comprises the following steps: dressing seeds with 10-20 ml/mu Shasheng (Xiongzhengda company); soaking seeds by using 500 times of strong chlorine essence; can kill rice seed bacteria, including fungi and various bacterial diseases.

Further, pesticide is respectively sprayed in the final stage of tillering, 5-7 days before the break of the booting ear and the heading-trim period to prevent and control diseases and insects. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the application amount of the pesticide is 20 g/mu of Aimiao + 10 g/mu of Fuge or 10 ml/mu of Kangkuan + 70 ml/mu of Fatongdan + 16 ml/mu of Bai Long.

Further, pesticide is respectively sprayed in the tillering stage and the jointing stage for preventing and controlling bacteria. Specifically, the pesticide application amount is 60 g/mu of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or 120 g/mu of 25% thiabendazole zinc 100-.

Specifically, the shrimp rice field is located in eastern Hubei (preferably Longgan lake), the shrimp rice is rotated for more than 2 years, the soil fertility is moderate and upward, irrigation and drainage facilities are complete, the area is preferably more than 100 mu in a connected mode, and the field side barriers are few.

The seed coats of the colorful scented rice in the embodiment of the invention are purple, have jasmine fragrance, have the whole growth period of 107 days, the plant height of 115 cm, the thousand seed weight of 21.73 g, the yield per mu of 450-500 kg and are easy to fall down.

In summary, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the embodiment of the invention provides a method for planting colorful scented rice by co-cultivating rice and shrimps, which solves the problem that the colorful scented rice is not willing to be planted by farmers because the colorful scented rice is easy to fall down locally.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of rice obtained by the planting method provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of rice obtained by the planting method of the present invention after cooking.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment provides a method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-cultivation, which comprises the following steps:

1. and (5) selecting a rice field.

The shrimp rice field blocks which are subjected to standardized transformation are selected, and the shrimp rice field with more than 2 years of shrimp rice rotation, moderate soil fertility, complete irrigation and drainage facilities, more than 100 mu of area and less field-side obstacles is subjected to shrimp rice rotation.

2. And (4) selecting rice varieties.

2.1 taking the new Huohao variety 'Fudao 88' as the main matched variety, the variety has good yielding ability and strong lodging resistance, the whole growth period is 112.5 days, the plant height in the regional test is 114.8 cm, and the thousand seed weight is 22.15 g.

2.2 using 'color fragrant rice' as auxiliary variety. The seed coat of the variety is purple, has jasmine fragrance, has the whole growth period of 107 days, the plant height of 115 cm and the thousand grain weight of 21.73 g, the yield of the planted plant per mu is generally 450-kg, the rice quality is excellent, the rice reaches the national second-grade high-quality rice standard, but the lodging resistance is poor.

2.3 mu of seed consumption: by combining the local crayfish cultivation and the rice production experience of planting for many years, the amount of seeds used per mu is 6 kilograms, 4 kilograms for the 'Fudao 88' and 2 kilograms for the 'color fragrant rice'. The effective spike takes main spike formation as a main spike, tillering is controlled, and the maturation consistency is improved.

3. And (3) sowing time: sowing the seeds about 15 days in 6 months, and not exceeding 20 days in 6 months at the latest. When the local crayfish receiving season is basically finished, the water level is reduced to 10 centimeters below the field surface in about 10 days after 6 months, and the field surface can be sown without clear water after 3-5 days of field drying. Under normal conditions, the shrimp field has no weeds, and the field surface is flat and thin, so that the shrimp field is suitable for direct seeding (if the field has more weeds, the shrimp field needs to be subjected to rotary tillage and pulping).

4. Reasonably adjusting the sowing difference period: the full growth period of the 'Fudao 88' is 5 days longer than that of the 'colorful scented rice', the 'Fudao 88' is only advanced by 3 days during sowing, the 'colorful scented rice' is properly matured by 2 days, stable inheritance of fragrance of the 'colorful scented rice' is facilitated, and the maturing rate and the plumpness of the middle and lower parts are improved.

The method comprises the following steps:

the Fu Dao 88 is sowed 3 days earlier than the color fragrant rice, and the Fu Dao 88 and the color fragrant rice are sowed twice by adopting an unmanned plane.

The second method comprises the following steps:

soaking seeds of Fudao 88 2 days in advance and accelerating germination until the breast is broken, soaking colorful fragrant rice until the seeds are not accelerated, then uniformly mixing the two seeds, and sowing the mixture by using an unmanned plane, and paying attention to the fact that the rice husks cannot contain clear water. If the buds are too long, the mechanical sowing can not be carried out, and only the manual sowing can be carried out.

5. The water and fertilizer management of the shrimp paddy field is scientific for insect prevention and weeding, after crayfishes are bred in the shrimp paddy field, the soil fertility and pest and weed populations of the crayfishes are greatly changed, for example, soil organic matters and nitrogen content are improved, and soluble phosphorus is reduced due to loss. The weed base number is reduced, but the individual species grow maliciously, and the normal growth requirement of protecting crayfish is considered, so that the pesticide for preventing and treating the diseases and the pests is strictly screened, and a plurality of special pesticides for preventing and treating the diseases and the pests are not suitable for use. The method is characterized by properly drying the field in the sun, controlling tillering, mainly taking main ear forming and spike forming to achieve the purpose of enhancing the resistance of rice, filling deep water in the middle and later stages (young spike differentiation stage), keeping the water depth to be 3-4cm, enabling crayfish to move to the field surface to find food, being effective in preventing and removing various tender grass and simultaneously providing a good growth environment for the crayfish, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

5.1 technical points for weed control

Shrimp paddy field weed objects: the main attack targets are resistant barnyard grass, moleplant seed, double-sparrow spike, rice leersia hexandra and part of resistant broadleaf weeds in the shrimp paddy field.

5.2 major technical measures

5.2.1 closed closure before picking up the bud:

after sowing for 1-3 days, a compound agent of 36 percent of bensulfuron-methyl-pretilachlor powder of 60 g or 30 percent of pretilachlor emulsifiable concentrate (swelt) of 80-100 ml is added with water of 30 jin and evenly sprayed per mu.

5.2.2 grabbing stem leaves to kill barnyard grass and weed removing:

when the barnyard grass is in the 3-leaf stage, namely 15-18 days after sowing, the agricultural chemicals for the opposite crop are selected according to the field weed spectrum, such as: the metamifop, the oryza sativa, the Clostridia, the oryza gemini, the cyhalofop-butyl, the bentazone, the bensulfuron methyl and/or the methoxone and the like are taken according to the requirements of the specification; and (3) advocating secondary sealing and killing, namely adding swefpt or domestic pretilachlor into the stem leaf herbicide, and spraying enough water according to the standard dosage of the leaf age of weeds so as to ensure that the water quantity is 30 kilograms per mu.

5.2.3 catching, repairing and killing the customs:

for field blocks with poor field water retention, field blocks with leakage spraying and large weed leaf age, small dosage and rebound, timely weeding measures such as: 100 ml/mu of lisco + 150 ml/mu of cyhalofop-butyl, special attention being paid to: lingsco cannot be used in combination with organophosphorus pesticides.

5.2.4 the quality of the insecticide is required to be ensured:

the pesticide is not leaked and sprayed repeatedly, and the pesticide is not suitable to be sprayed in wind power above 3 level and rainy days.

6. Main pest control scheme

6.1 selecting high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide, mainly preventing and treating pests such as target rice thrips, borers, rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers and the like, banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, false smut, bacterial basal rot and brown streak, wherein the application amount is shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

Time of administration	Medicament and dosage per mu	Control object
			First tillering end stage	Aimiao 20 g + fuge 10 g/mu or kang wide 10 ml + Fatuo 70 ml + Bai long 16 ml	Preventing and treating rice leaf roller, borer, rice planthopper and banded sclerotial blight
5-7 days before the second time of the opening of the pregnancy spike	Same as above	Preventing and treating rice leaf roller, borer, rice planthopper and green smut
			Third full heading stage	Same as above	Same as above

For preventing and treating bacterial diseases, a special medicament for treating bacterial diseases is selected; such as: 60 g/mu of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or 120 g/mu of 25% thienylzinc 100-.

6.2 shrimp paddy field drug banned list:

butachlor, alachlor, organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, profenofos, triazophos, acephate), pyrethrins (cypermethrin), carbosulfan, methoxyacrylate (azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and the like), isoprothiolane, abamectin, emamectin benzoate and chlorfluazuron.

7. Agricultural comprehensive measures

7.1 the optimum sowing time is a key measure for ensuring the whole seedling at one time and the safe and uniform spike planting: the high temperature influence of the heading and the flowering is avoided, and the seeding period is generally set to 6 months, 10 days and 20 days, so that the method is safe.

7.2 reasonable close planting, 5-6 kilograms of seeding amount is recommended for each mu of field, the seeding amount is less, the formation of sufficient spikes is not facilitated, the tillering of individuals with large seeding amount is obviously inhibited, the individual growth is not facilitated, and the rice lodging is easily caused. The stable and high yield can be obtained only by suitable seeding amount.

7.3 the seeds are mixed with the pesticide to prevent and control the disease, insect and weed from the forward movement of the gateway.

Selecting Shasheng (Xiongzheng company) in the shrimp paddy field, and mixing the seeds with 10-20 ml of the mixture per mu; or soaking the seeds with 500 times of strong chlorine solution to kill the germs, including fungi or various bacterial diseases, of the rice seeds.

7.4 applying the formula fertilizer reasonably and scientifically;

after the rice is sowed for about 20 days, when the first weeding is performed and the deep water is irrigated for about 3 cm, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea, which are 15 percent of each NPK, are applied to each mu of the Yangfeng brand, and then the mixed fertilizer and the urea are spread by a mixed airplane. And (3) applying spike grain fertilizer for the second time, and applying 5-7.5kg of compound fertilizer 15% of each NPK in the Yangfeng brand in each mu according to the seedling condition when the rice is pregnant with spikes. The water inlets of the small ridges around the rice field are sealed during each fertilization, so that fertilizer water is prevented from flowing into the annular shrimp ditches at the edges of the rice field and the cross-shaped small ditches in the middle of the rice field, fertilizer is prevented from flowing outwards, and the influence on the crayfish is minimized.

8. Harvesting in time, drying and storing. At the beginning of 10 months, after the 'Fudao 88' is completely ripe, the rice is mechanically harvested on sunny days, and is timely sent to a drying center to be dried at a low temperature of 45 ℃ until the moisture is within 13%, and the rice is put in storage after being finished.

The patent solves the problem that fragrant rice (colorful fragrant rice) is not willing to be planted by farmers because of easy lodging. Through the composite planting of the specification, the lodging resistance of the colorful fragrant rice is improved, and the rice yield per unit area is improved.

Planting test

1. Through tests, the 'colorful fragrant rice' is used as a female parent, the 'Fudao 88' is used as a male parent, artificial emasculation and artificial pollination are carried out for hybridization, and F1 shows that the color is lighter in purple and the fragrance is lighter. The Fudao 88 is taken as a female parent, the colorful fragrant rice is taken as a male parent, artificial emasculation and artificial pollination are carried out for hybridization, and F1 shows no purple color and no fragrance.

2. In 2017, 6 months, the test conditions of the plot are that the dry grain weight of Fudao 88 and colorful fragrant rice is 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, namely A1, A2 and A3, sowing the 'Fudao 88' 1 day, 3 days and 5 days ahead of the 'colorful scented rice' to obtain B1, B2 and B3, wherein the A1B1 and the A1B2. The sowing time of the Fudao 88 is the same as that of the Fudao 88 in 6 months and 15 days, and the colorful scented rice is sowed according to the sowing difference set by B1, B2 and B3. The cultivation management measures are implemented according to the key points of the shrimp and rice co-cultivation operation in the Longgan lake management area of Huanggang, Hubei province. The highest treatment yield is 20.51 kg by A1B2, namely the treatment yield is the highest according to the difference of sowing difference periods of two varieties of 'Fudao 88' and 'Caixiang rice' for 3 days in a dry matter ratio of 2:1, the yield is 683.56 kg per mu, the lodging condition does not occur (the lodging rate of the Caixiang rice is 12.1-14.4 percent in different areas of the same test field), the obtained rice has light fragrance, and the rice is white after being brown: purple color is between 2:1 and 2.5: 1.

In 2018, the local main cultivars of Longgan lake Huang-Zhan, single color scented rice and single Fudao 88 are used as contrast, the Fudao 88 and the color scented rice (composite planting) are carried out according to the ratio of 2: the planting is carried out according to the proportion of 1, the sowing difference period is 3 days, each demonstration planting is 10 mu, the planting is repeated twice by taking 5 mu as a cell, the total demonstration area is 40 mu, the yield is measured by actual harvest, the average yellow glutinous rice is 617.6 kg/mu, the yield of single colored fragrant rice is 471.5 kg/mu, the yield of single rice is 88647.4 kg/mu, the yield of compound planting per mu is 675.4 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 9.36 percent compared with the yellow glutinous rice. The above experiments were conducted in Longgan lake management area of Huanggang city.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A method for planting colorful fragrant rice by rice and shrimp co-cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the shrimp paddy field, Fudao 88 and colorful fragrant rice are used as mixed sowing varieties, the sowing time is 6 months 10-6 months 20 days, the sowing amount of the Fudao 88 is 3.5-4.5 kg/mu, the sowing amount of the colorful fragrant rice is 1.6-2.2 kg/mu, the colored fragrant rice is sowed 2-4 days later than the foxtail rice 88, the water level of the shrimp rice field is lowered to be more than 10cm below the field surface 5-7 days before sowing, sowing can be carried out 3-5 days after the field is exposed to the sun until no obvious water is left on the field surface, the water depth of the field surface is controlled to be 2.5-4cm after sowing for 18-24 days, 12-18 kg/mu of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and 4-6 kg/mu of urea are applied, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 5-7.5 kg/mu when the rice is booting, keeping the water depth of the field surface at 3-4cm in the young ear differentiation period, and harvesting when Fudao 88 is mature.

2. The method for planting the scented rice through the co-cultivation of the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing amount of the scented rice 88 is 4 kg/mu, the sowing amount of the scented rice is 2 kg/mu, and the scented rice is sown 3 days later than the scented rice 88.

3. The method for planting scented rice through co-cultivation of rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound agent of 36% bensulfuron-methyl-pretilachlor powder 60 g or 30% pretilachlor emulsifiable concentrate 80-100 ml mixed with water 30kg is sprayed uniformly 1-3 days after sowing.

4. The method for planting the scented rice through the co-cultivation of the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a medicament or soaked to kill the germs on the rice seeds.

5. The method for planting scented rice through rice and shrimp co-cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein pesticide is sprayed for disease and pest control at the tillering end stage, 5-7 days before the ear break and at the heading finish stage.

6. The method for planting the scented rice through the co-cultivation of the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein pesticide is sprayed respectively in a tillering stage and a jointing and booting stage to perform bacterial control.

7. The method for growing colored fragrant rice by co-cultivating rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shrimp rice field is located in eastern Hubei, and the shrimp rice is cultivated for more than 2 years.

8. The method for planting the scented rice through the co-cultivation of the rice and the shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed coats of the scented rice are purple, have jasmine fragrance, have the whole growth period of 107 days, the plant height of 115 cm, the thousand seed weight of 21.73 g, the yield per mu of 450-.