RU2251846C1 - Method for controlling of quarantine weeds by the example of dodder parasite - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves spraying with natural brine of natural bischofite mineral at the rate of 25-35 l/hectare before weed flowering phase. Method provides 100% killing of quarantine weeds.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in controlling of quarantine weeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of plant protection against quarantine objects in the technologies for cultivating fodder, vegetable and industrial crops under irrigation and rainfed farming.

All agricultural workers who are involved in crop production should remember what the state system of quarantine measures obliges them to, to know how to combat quarantine weeds and completely eradicate their foci.

Especially malicious weeds, which are limited in distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation, but capable of quickly spreading and clogging fields in new areas, are classified as quarantine.

The previously widely used manual method of controlling grafting is known (I.G. Beilin. Fighting with grafting and broomrape. - M .: Kolos, 1967. - 88 pp.), Especially on row crops, such as tobacco and others.

In order to judge the correctness of such recommendations of their usefulness, it is important to remember the following: the harmfulness of the dodder is greater the younger the plant is the host at the time of its defeat. In a young plant, the root has not yet developed; the nutrients coming from it to the aerial part go to its growth and development. By taking them from such a plant, the parasite causes a growth retardation and even death.

It is not difficult to capture a dodger in the very early stages of its development, when it has not yet enveloped the entire plant. If single plants are already affected by it, they must be weeded out, taken out of the site and destroyed.

If you are late with this work, then with the growth of the affected plants, the distance between them and neighboring plants that have not yet been affected will decrease and the possibility of moving dodgers will be created. Gradually, the parasite braids more and more plants, the number of affected plants increases sharply. Long before flowering of the midgra, such arrays often represent a continuous carpet of interweaving of the midget, and weeding the affected plants loses its meaning. The care of such affected crops is essentially not justified and is being discontinued. The crop is sharply reduced, the stock of dodder seeds in the arable horizon increases.

The disadvantages of this technique include the following: the fight against dodder gives a positive effect only when it is carried out not at the time of flowering, but in the initial period of the appearance of the parasite on the surface, when only individual plants are affected; high costs of manual labor; the need for repeated work, since it is difficult to achieve high-quality cleaning of crops, and fragments of dodder instantly take root on plants.

Known biological method of combating dodger when using Alternaria fungus. Spraying the grafts on the fields of the Chuy experimental bast culture station with the cultivated culture of this fungus completely destroys the grafting (OL L. Rudakov. Mushroom parasite of the grafting, its cultivation and use, 1961).

The disadvantages of this method include: the presence of an enclosed space, the presence of an autoclave, a refrigerator, a thermostat and specially trained people. The mushroom only kills the dodger when drops of water will remain (not evaporate) on its surface for a long time. In dry conditions, the spores of the fungus do not germinate and, lying on the surface of the caught stems, they do not damage them at all. Therefore, in arid conditions, spraying may not give a positive result.

We can also apply the experience of double spraying with a solution of the juice of aylanthus (A.glandulosus Desf.) Plants of tobacco, alfalfa, and quinoa affected by dodder to control the grafting. The dodger perished on them, while the plants retained full viability.

The disadvantages of this technique include the following: the effectiveness of the use of tinctures and decoctions of ailanthus depends on the type of ailanthus, age and stage of its development, the organs of ailanthus from which the preparation is obtained, etc.

The closest, effective and economically viable in modern conditions is the chemical method of combating dodder.

In the crops of potatoes against grafts and other annual weeds in the pre-emergence period, the drug linuron is used in a dose of 4-6 kg / ha; in sunflower crops under pre-sowing cultivation, treflan (2-3 l / ha) or promethrin (1.5-2.5 kg / ha) is introduced; under sugar and fodder beets in the pre-sowing season make pyramine or eptam in a dose of 6 l / ha, and also tillim - 4-6 kg / ha (A.V. Fisyunov. Weeds - parasites and the fight against them. - M .: 1977. - 71 p.).

The following herbicides are used on uncultivated lands against cornfields and other weeds, including host plants: amine salt 2,4-D (2,5-3 kg / ha), ethers 2,4-D (1,0-1 5 kg / ha). To each preparation per 1 ha add 10 kg of ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate. This enhances the toxic effect of herbicides and completely kills all weeds, except cereals, and with them the parasite.

Along the roadsides, in wastelands and on the outskirts of fields, 300 l / ha of solar oil, 400-500 l / ha of used mineral oil or kerosene, and 2-4 kg / ha of shedding are effective for killing deforestation and plants affected by it.

Of the chemicals used to control dodder in fodder alfalfa, it is effective to use a mixture of raglon with ammonium nitrate (0.7-1.0 kg / ha +40 kg / ha) in the post-mowing period, along alfalfa stubble. In the seed areas of alfalfa, the herbicide Kerb Mix B is promising at a dose of 4-5 kg / ha, as well as glyphos and roundup at a flow rate of 400 l / ha with water (Booklet of the Volgograd Quarantine Inspection).

The disadvantages of the chemical control method include the use of expensive herbicides, the availability of machine tools that have been approved for work with plant protection products, the additional anthropogenic (herbicidal) load on the biosphere, the possibility of thinning the grass stand of perennial grasses, the decrease in the effectiveness of soil herbicides in the fight against grafting in conditions of insufficient moisture.

A known method of processing crops of corn in the phase of milk-wax ripeness 25-40% aqueous solution of bischofite in order to accelerate the ripening of grain.

However, the method is not applicable for the destruction of quarantine weeds, including the parasite - dodder.

The technical result - the development of a method that provides 100% death of quarantine weeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling quarantine weeds by the example of a parasite - dodder, including treatment with a chemical agent, natural bischofite brine is used as a chemical agent, and the treatment is carried out until the weed blooms at a rate of 25-35 l / ha. At the same time, along the inconvenience of the roadsides, on wastelands and outskirts of the fields, continuous processing is carried out, and in the crops of agricultural crops - on harvested curtains.

Bischofite is a natural mineral that is mined by underground dissolution of solid salt. Chlorine-magnesium brine is pumped onto the surface, the density of which, according to the standardized parameters of the bischofite standard, should correspond to 1.32-1.34 g / dm ³ .

In practice, the value of this indicator is often not normal (for example, 1.25-1.30 g / dm ³ ). In this case, there is a solution of natural bischofite called brine.

Perennial plants treated with bischofite brine do not fall out of the stand and subsequently grow and regenerate well.

At the same time, the introduced bischofite mass in crops of agricultural crops will serve as mineral fertilizing with macro- and microelements located in bischofite.

Table
The effectiveness of the treatment of quarantine weed by the proposed agent is presented in the table. Brine Consumption, l / ha The effectiveness of the treatment of wild-caught brine of natural bischofite,% fifteen 82 25 100 35 100 45 100

As the data in the table show, the proposed method allows to achieve a technical result - 100% weed death.

The proposed method is simple to implement and allows the use of readily available, environmentally friendly and cost-effective tool.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling quarantine weeds using the example of a parasitic dodger, including treating it with a chemical agent, characterized in that brine of natural bischofite is used as a chemical agent, and the treatment is carried out until the weed blooms at the rate of 25-35 l / ha.