RU2321248C2 - Method for controlling of piricularia pitting rice disease - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing, in particular, rice disease controlling process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves treating rice young crops at milky-wax ripeness phase with carbamide mixture in dose of 20-30 kg/hectare, pherazime SC fungicide in dose of 0.6 kg/hectare, and luvaram containing growth promoter in dose of 22 ml/hectare at mixture flow rate of 100 l/hectare.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in controlling of piricularia pitting rice disease at late development stages and during milky-wax ripeness stage when plant's vegetative and generative organs are simultaneously stricken by disease.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and is intended to combat rice diseases.

A known method of combating rice pyriculariosis (see, for example, A.S. No. 11793839, OB No. 5, 1993), which consists in processing rice crops in the tubing phase with a 10-20% urea solution (urea) at a rate of 100 -120 l / ha.

The disadvantage of this method is that the treatment with urea is a nitrogen top dressing that enhances the immune strength of plants, does not protect against repeated damage by fungal diseases in the phase of milk-wax ripeness when leaf blades, their bases, leaf sheaths, nodes of the stem and panicle are affected, which leads to yield loss of 20-30 or more percent.

A known method of combating rice pyriculariosis with fungicides (foundationazole, etc., see, for example, Recommendations on the integrated protection of agricultural crops from pests, diseases and weeds in the Krasnodar Territory for 2000-2005. Krasnodar, 2001, p. 31-37), which is recommended to be applied 30 days before harvesting (rice phase, sweeping - flowering) once a season with a consumption rate of 2 kg / ha and a working fluid consumption of 100-120 l / ha.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is ineffective when the disease affects all the vegetative and generative organs of rice plants in the late phases of the growing season (pouring grain).

The closest technical solution to this problem is a method of controlling pyriculariosis, which consists in processing rice crops in the sweeping phase - flowering (30 days before rice maturation) with Ferazim KS fungicide at a rate of 0.3-0.8 kg / ha with a working solution consumption rate 100-120 l / ha (see, for example, “Appendix to the journal“ Protection and Quarantine of Plants No. 4, M., 2003).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency in the last stages of rice development (pouring grain) when leaf blades, nodes of the stem and panicle are affected by pyriculariosis, which leads to a significant loss of yield.

The objective of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the fight against pyriculariosis in the late stages of rice development, in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, when both the vegetative and generative organs of the plant are affected.

The task is achieved as follows. In the phase of milk-wax ripeness of rice, a tank mixture of urea 20-30 kg / ha, a fungicide, for example, Ferazim KS 0.6 kg / ha and a growth stimulator containing 2,4-D (amine salt), for example, a dose of luvaram, is used - 22 ml / ha with a consumption rate of 100 l / ha.

The amine salt acts as a growth promoter (see, e.g., Deambrodio E., Dale JP Effect of 2,4-D on the freguency of regenerated plants in barley and on genetic variability between them. // Cereal Res Commun. 1980, v. 8, p. 417-423).

The working solution is prepared before processing in the following sequence: 2/3 of the required volume of water is poured into the tank, the calculated amount of urea (20-30 kg / ha) is added, thoroughly mixed, the desired amount of fungicide, for example, ferazim (0.6 kg / ha) is added ), mix again and add a growth stimulator containing 2,4-D (amine salt), for example, luvaram (22 ml / ha), mix and pour the resulting solution into a spraying unit (airplane, helicopter, ground sprayer up to a knapsack) and treat affected mushrooms Square disease.

The test of the method was carried out in LLC "Hit and K" of the Slavic region of the Krasnodar Territory in 2003 on rice crops of the Leader variety.

The disease was fixed on August 21, when rice plants were in the phase of milk-wax ripeness. The disease struck all vegetative and generative organs as a result of prevailing weather conditions (frequent rains, dews, fogs).

Six options were tested:

1. Control-treatment with fungicide baseazole (the basic drug, the most common, 2 kg / ha).

2. Treatment with urea in a dose of 20 kg / ha.

3. Treatment with fungicide ferazim at a dose of 0.6 kg / ha (prototype).

4. Treatment with a mixture of drugs: urea - 20 kg / ha + ferazim - 0.6 kg / ha + amine salt 2,4-D - 22 ml / ha.

5. Treatment with a mixture of drugs: urea - 25 kg / ha + ferazim - 0.6 kg / ha + amine salt 2,4-D - 22 ml / ha.

6. Processing with a mixture of drugs: urea - 30 kg / ha + ferazim - 0.6 kg / ha + amine salt 2,4-D - 22 ml / ha.

Example. Option 5

After revealing on August 21 the areas of rice sowing affected by pyriculariosis in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, the percentage of the lesion was taken into account, then on August 25 a second count was carried out and the crops were treated with a tank mixture of carbamide, a fungicide, for example, Ferazim KS and growth stimulator containing 2,4- D (amine salt), for example, luvaram, which was prepared according to existing technology. 1/3 of the working fluid flow rate was collected in the sprayer tank, urea was added at the rate of 25 kg / ha, the stirrer was turned on, the ferazim KS was added 0.6 kg / ha, and then the growth stimulator containing 2.4-D (amine salt) was added ), for example, luvaram 22 ml / ha, the water was added to the full norm and mixed thoroughly, and then the rice crops were processed. The last account of the defeat of piriculariasis of rice crops was carried out on the day of its harvest on September 10.

The remaining methods of rice cultivation were carried out in accordance with existing recommendations.

The test results for all test options are presented in the table. It can be seen from this that the percentage of damage to rice crops by piriculariosis in the control variant was 100%, where the complete loss of the crop was recorded.

The use of urea in a dose of 20 kg / ha slightly delayed the development of pyriculariosis, the area of destruction of which during harvesting was 85%, and the yield was 20.8 kg / ha (option 2). The use of ferazim as a fungicide (option 3) caused a slowdown in the disease of crop damage by the disease compared to options 1 and 2. 56% of the cultivated area was affected during harvesting in option 3 and the yield was 32.0 kg / ha.

The use of tank mixtures of drugs in options 4,5 and 6 completely stopped the spread of the disease, and the yield was 54.0; 56.0; 54.3 c / ha, respectively, with urea standards of 20, 25 and 30 kg / ha at the same doses of a fungicide, for example, a ferazim and a growth stimulator containing 2,4-D (amine salt), for example, luvaram. A test of known methods of controlling pyriculariosis 10-15 days before the complete maturation of rice showed their low efficiency.

Table.
The percentage of damage to rice crops by pyriculariosis Options Sowing area, ha Accounting days Productivity, t / ha detection 21.08 processing 25.08 cleaning 10.09 1. Control 5.71 29th 42 one hundred 0 2. Urea 20 kg / ha 4.86 27 48 85 20.8 3. Fungicide ferazim KS 0.6 kg / ha 6.12 27 39 56 32,0 4. Urea 20 kg / ha + fungicide, for example, ferazim 0.6 kg / ha + growth stimulator containing 2,4-D (amine salt), for example, luvara 22 ml / ha 5.42 thirty 47 49 54.0 5 .- “- 25 -“ - + - “- + -“ - 6.35 32 48 48 56.0 6 .- “- 30 -“ - + - “- + -“ - 4.68 28 39 39 54.3

Claims (1)

A method of combating rice pyriculariosis, including the treatment of rice crops with fungicides, characterized in that fezim KS is used as a fungicide in a dose of 0.6 kg / ha in a mixture with urea in a dose of 20-30 kg / ha and a growth regulator of luvaram at a dose of 22 ml / ha at a rate of consumption of the mixture of 100 l / ha, while the processing of rice crops is carried out in the phase of milk-wax ripeness.