RU2471329C2 - Method of growing oats - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing, and can be used in growing oats under conditions of the area of risk farming. The method of growing oats includes pre-seeding treatment of soil, sowing pre-treated seeds, crop tending, harvesting and grain conditioning. Oat seeds before sowing are treated with humic plant growth stimulant obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. During the growing season the plants are treated with herbicide to which humic plant growth stimulator is added.

EFFECT: seed treatment provides a higher yield of oats, reduces hoodness of seeds, increases the weight of 1000 grains, completeness of sprouting, yield structure, improves the phytosanitary condition of seeds.

5 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular crop production, and can be used in the cultivation of oats in the zone of risky farming.

It should be noted that the grain harvest is formed under the influence of a set of factors of the external environment of the plants — soil fertility, moistening conditions, solar insolation and temperature conditions, and in the same soil and climatic conditions by targeted use of agrotechnical methods, the physical parameters of the grain and its chemical composition can be significantly changed .

Such agricultural techniques as the selection of predecessors, the primary and pre-sowing soil cultivation system, fertilizing and the use of herbicides, you can change the level of water and food regimes of the soil. The use of such constituent elements of technologies as sowing dates and methods, sowing rates, seed and plant treatment with growth regulators, allows to a certain degree to regulate and noticeably change the lighting conditions, temperature conditions, plant growth and development processes in crops. A change in these factors causes a significant acceleration or, conversely, a slowdown in the vital activity of the plant organism, the accumulation of plastic substances and thereby affects the formation of oat productivity and grain quality.

A known method of regulating the growth of grain crops, which includes presowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with a growth regulator Larixin, which is isolated from Siberian larch wood. Pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out at a rate of 100-250 ml per 1 ton of seeds. The treatment of vegetative plants is carried out twice: in the phase of the beginning of the exit into the tube and in the phase of the appearance of the flag leaf, with a rate of application of the drug 30-75 ml / ha / 1 /.

The disadvantages of the method is the high consumption of the drug, the need for double treatment of plants during the growing season, the complexity and costly method of obtaining a growth regulator Larixin.

There is a method of increasing the germination of oat seeds in early spring sowing in the area of risk farming by applying growth regulators humate 80 or crezacin, the method of inlaying seeds with 2% PVA (polyvinyl acetate) / 2 /.

The described method of cultivating oats is laborious and requires additional costs for inlaid seeds. In addition, the described methods do not provide high efficiency.

A known method of growing crops, taken as a prototype. The method includes pre-sowing tillage, fertilizing, which use compost containing peat, sowing seeds, caring for crops. Fertilizing and sowing seeds are carried out simultaneously, and a pre-prepared mixture of seeds and multi-purpose compost is applied to the soil with a mass ratio of components of 1:20, respectively. A mixture of seeds and multi-purpose compost is prepared by mixing the components, followed by exposure of the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours / 3 /.

The prototype method has a high cost, because It is time-consuming and requires additional costs for the acquisition of a large amount of raw materials and preparation of compost, as well as time for its maturation. In addition, the described method is not effective enough.

The invention is aimed at eliminating these disadvantages and lies in the fact that the method of growing oats includes presowing cultivation of the soil, sowing pre-treated seeds, caring for crops, harvesting and processing of grain, and the seeds of oats are treated with humic stimulator of plant growth obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of humic acids 0.0005-0.001% with a consumption rate of 10 l / ton of seeds, and during the growing season they spray the oats with a herbicide, to which a humic plant growth stimulator with a humic acid concentration of 0.001% with a working fluid flow rate of 200 l / ha is added.

The claimed invention differs from the prototype in that the seeds of oats are treated with a humic plant growth stimulator obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of humic acids of 0.0005-0.001%. Processing oats seeds with the indicated agent provides a higher yield of oats, reduces the graininess of the grain, increases the mass of 1000 grains, the fullness of seedlings, the structure of the crop, improves the phytosanitary condition of crops and reduces the incidence of grain. In addition, having antiseptic properties, the humic plant growth stimulator creates a good disinfectant environment for seeds, providing a higher percentage of seed germination and more friendly seedlings.

The concentration of the solution of humic plant growth stimulant was selected experimentally. Using a weaker concentration does not give the desired result, increasing the concentration above the upper limit reduces the yield and resistance of plants to lodging.

Another difference of the claimed invention from the prototype is the treatment of vegetative oat plants with a tank mixture of the Dialen Super herbicide and a humic plant growth stimulator. This treatment allows the simultaneous feeding of vegetative oat plants and the destruction of weeds, which leads to an increase in the yield of oats and its quality.

The selection of the Dialen Super herbicide is associated with the absence of restrictions on the use of subsequent crops in the rotation. It should be noted that other herbicides approved for use on oats can also be used.

The following is an example of obtaining a concentrated stock solution of humic plant growth stimulator from lowland peat.

Example 1. A humic plant growth stimulator is prepared as follows. Low peat is mixed with 1.0% aqueous ammonia and 1.2% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 1: 5: 5, heated to 140 ° C with constant stirring and the liquid phase is separated (mother liquor). The liquid phase is diluted with distilled water to contain 1% humic acid.

The method of growing oats includes the following operations:

- plowing of winter swell;

- presowing tillage;

- presowing seed treatment with a humic plant growth stimulator;

- sowing seeds;

- crop care, including the treatment of oats with a herbicide in conjunction with a humic plant growth stimulator;

- oats harvesting;

- part-time grain.

Example 2. For pre-sowing treatment, 1 ton of oat seeds is taken 10 l of drinking water, add 5 ml of a 1% solution of humic plant growth stimulator to it. The solution is well mixed and treated with seeds. The seeds prepared for sowing are sown with grain seeders with a sowing rate for oats of 5-6 million germinating grains per hectare, in the weight ratio this is 2.3 c / ha.

Example 3. During the tillering period of oats, the crops are sprayed with the Dyalen Super herbicide approved for use / 4 /, while 100 l of water is poured into the capacity for chemical weeding of the oat crops, 0.7 l of Dialen Super herbicide and 200 ml of 1% humic are added plant growth stimulator and bring the total volume to 200 liters. Get a working solution containing humic acids of 0.001% and 0.35% of the herbicide Dialen Super.

Other examples of the working solutions used in the claimed method of growing oats are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Working solutions Example Presowing seed treatment Processing Vegetative Plants 1% humic plant growth stimulator, ml Drinking water, l The content of humic acids in the resulting solution,% 1% humic plant growth stimulator, ml Drinking water, l Herbicide Dialen Super, l No processing, st 2 5 10 0,0005 200 200 0.7 3 10 10 0.001 200 200 0.7

Field experiments were carried out on acidic sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which provided typical soil conditions for the growth of oats in the risky farming zone.

The size of the accounting plots is 30 m ² .

The repetition of the experiments is fourfold.

The seeding rate is 2.3 c / ha.

The sowing date is May 27.

The claimed method is as follows.

Pre-sowing tillage is carried out taking into account the peculiarities of tillage under oats.

1. Control - growing oats without presowing treatment of seeds.

2. Presowing treatment of oat seeds with a solution containing humic acids in a concentration of 0.0005%.

3. Presowing treatment of oat seeds with a solution containing humic acids in a concentration of 0.001%.

4. Processing of vegetative plants was carried out with a tank mixture of Dialen Super herbicide and a humic plant growth stimulator with a content of humic acids in a concentration of 0.001%.

The cleaning period is the first of October.

During the growing season, counts and phenological observations were carried out. Before harvesting, vegetable samples were taken to determine the structure of the crop. Cleaning was carried out in a continuous manner from all over the plot. When harvesting, samples were taken to determine the moisture content of the seeds in order to recalculate the yield on 14% humidity. Laboratory evaluation was carried out after drying and underworking of seeds. All analyzes were performed according to GOST. The results of the experiments are presented in tables 2-5.

Table 2 shows the results of field experiments.

table 2 The structure of the crop and the fullness of the seedlings of oats when processing seeds and vegetative plants with a humic plant growth stimulator Example (solution concentration,%) The completeness of seedlings, pcs / m ² Stem height, cm Panicle length, cm Number of spikelets, pcs. Number of grains The mass of the panicle grain, g No processing, st 442 109 16 thirty 53 2.01 2. (0,0005%) 467 110 16 thirty 58 2.05 3. (0.001%) 474 114 17 32 54 2.04

As a result of growing oats, the claimed method improved the mineral nutrition and development of the root system of oats, increased the completeness of seedlings of oats in all experimental variants compared to the control. Post-harvest analysis of the crop structure showed that when growing oats in the stated conditions, good results were obtained on the elements of the crop structure.

Table 3 Productivity and results of phenological observations of oats at different concentrations of a solution of humic plant growth stimulator Example (concentration) of solution,% Productivity, t / ha + - to the standard, kg / ha Growing season, days Resistance to lodging, score No processing, st 48.75 + -0 77 4.87 2. (0,0005%) 50.87 +2.12 76 4.94 3. (0.001%) 49.70 +0.95 76 4.91

According to the results of phenological observations, an improvement in oat yield indicators, accelerated maturation and increased resistance to lodging were noted.

Table 4 Technological evaluation of oats at different concentrations of the solution with a humic plant growth stimulator Example (solution concentration,%) Mass of 1000 grains, g Films,% Nature, g / l No processing, st 41.1 24.0 496 2. (0,0005%) 45.7 22.8 516 3. (0.001%) 44.8 23.0 513

The results of the assessment of the technological qualities of oats show an increase in the mass of 1000 grains, grain nature, and a decrease in filminess.

The phytopathological analysis of oat seeds shows that under the influence of a humic plant growth stimulator, the phytosanitary condition of seeds improved in all experimental variants. The best results were obtained with a concentration of humic acids of 0.001%.

The proposed method of growing oats using seed treatment and spraying the crops with a humic plant growth stimulator obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of humic acids of 0.0005-0.001% provides stimulation of the mineral nutrition of oats, increasing the germination rate and increasing yields of more than 2 kg / ha, while the coarse grain of seeds increases, their nature, and the membrane is reduced. On poor sod-podzolic soils with high acidity (pH-4.3-4.7 ..) and humus content below 2%, which tested the proposed method, it was possible to increase the yield of oats at low cost

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2229213, IPC A01G 1/00, publ. 2004.05.27 "A method of regulating the growth of grain crops."

2. RF patent No. 2297129, IPC A01C 1/06, publ. 2007.04.20 “A way to increase the germination capacity of oat seeds during early spring sowing in the area of risky farming”.

3. RF patent No. 2250591, IPC A01C 21/00, A01C 7/00, publ. 2005.04.27 "Method for growing grain."

4. List of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation, Appendix to the journal “Plant Protection and Quarantine” No. 6, 2009, p. 179.

Claims (1)

A method of growing oats, including pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, sowing pre-treated seeds, caring for crops, harvesting and processing grain, characterized in that the seeds of oats are treated with a humic plant growth stimulator obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of low peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with the concentration of humic acids is 0.0005-0.001% and a consumption rate of 10 l / ton of seeds, and during the growing season, the plants are treated with a herbicide to which a humic stimulator p hundred plants at a concentration of humic acids 0,0005-0,001% and the rate of flow of working fluid 200 l / ha.