RU2321253C1 - Wheat growth promoter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: wheat growth promoter contains humic acids produced by alkali hydrolysis of peat using aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and additionally contains cobaltous salt such as cobalt chloride, with components being used in the following ratio, g/l: humic acids 0.05-0.005; cobaltous salt 1-2. Utilization of said wheat growth promoter allows wheat yield to be increased by 30%.

EFFECT: increased germination capacity of seeds, enhanced stimulation of development of plant root system, provision for growth of leaf surface, and increased wheat yield.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing wheat.

Known plant growth stimulator [1] - sodium humate, containing 2-3% (20-30 g / l) of the main active substance - humic acids.

The disadvantages of the plant growth stimulator [1] include low biological activity and a high environmental response (pH 11-13), which, if handled carelessly, can damage plants and the lack of plants necessary for nitrogen growth and development.

Known plant growth stimulator [2] obtained by processing lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and containing 4.5% (45 g / l) humic acids, up to 6% (60 g / l) dry matter and up to 0.8% (8 g / l) of gross nitrogen.

The disadvantage of the plant growth stimulator / 2 / is its low biological activity, especially when used for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops

Closest to the claimed invention is a liquid humic fertilizer [3], taken as a prototype, obtained by processing a mixture of peat and vermicompost in a ratio of 1: 11-13 aqueous solution of caustic potassium and containing at least nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, humic acids, microelements of plant nutrition, including copper and / or boron, excipients - elements of plant mineral nutrition, including zinc or magnesium, and water in the following ratio, wt.%: nitrogen (NO ₃ ) - not less than 0.002, potassium (K ₂ O) - not more than 0.4 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅₎ - n e less than 0.03, humic acids - 0.15-0.5, and as auxiliary substances - elements of plant nutrition, it contains at least molybdenum, and / or cobalt, or selenium, and / or silicon oxide.

The main disadvantages of liquid humic fertilizer [3] are:

- multicomponent composition: peat, vermicompost, macro-, microelements, which increases the cost of the target product, and increases the biological activity slightly;

- multi-stage production, which increases the duration of the production process;

- the use of expensive source of organic and mineral components, such as biohumus, macro-, microelements;

- low temperature of the process does not provide the target product with a high content of humic acids.

All of the above disadvantages lead to an increase in the cost of liquid humic fertilizer. It should also be noted its low biological activity.

The invention is aimed at eliminating these disadvantages and lies in the fact that the wheat growth stimulator includes humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of low peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and additionally a cobalt salt, for example cobalt chloride, in the following ratios of components, g / l :

humic acids 0.05-0.005 cobalt salt 1-2

The claimed invention differs from the well-known [3] in that to obtain a wheat growth stimulator containing humic acids, one initial organic raw material (low peat) and one mineral component (cobalt salt) are used, which reduces the cost of the target product.

Another advantage of the claimed wheat growth stimulator is that it is obtained by treating lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which ensures the presence of nitrogen in it without the additional introduction of nitrogen-containing fertilizers necessary for intensive growth and development of plants and increase biological activity.

The introduction of cobalt allows you to activate biosynthesis, increase energy metabolism, increase the content of chlorophyll in the leaves and wheat productivity. The cobalt content in the claimed range in the proposed wheat growth stimulator provides its high biological activity.

It should be noted that to obtain the claimed invention, it is possible to use not only cobalt chloride, but also other cobalt salts, for example sulfate, cobalt nitrate.

The quantitative ratios of the ingredients included in the inventive wheat growth stimulator are justified by the fact that when going beyond the boundaries of the declared interval, the biological activity of the resulting wheat growth stimulator is not increased.

The choice of lowland peat to obtain a wheat growth stimulator is due to the fact that it provides a higher yield of humic acids.

The following is an example of obtaining a concentrated mother liquor containing humic acids from lowland peat.

Example 1. Low peat is mixed with a 1.0% solution of aqueous ammonia and a 1.2% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 1: 5: 5 and the liquid phase is separated. The liquid phase, which is a concentrated mother liquor, contains 4.5% humic acids.

Example 2. Obtaining a wheat growth stimulator containing 0.05 g / l of humic acids and 1 g / l of cobalt chloride.

Obtaining the inventive composition of the stimulator of wheat growth includes three stages:

1) preparation of a solution containing humic acids (solution No. 1):

1.1 ml of the concentrated mother liquor obtained according to example 1, containing 0.05 g of humic acids, diluted to 500 ml with water;

2) preparation of a cobalt solution (solution No. 2):

1 g of cobalt chloride is dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water;

3) the preparation of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth:

merge solutions No. 1 and No. 2, mix thoroughly.

The obtained wheat growth stimulator contains 0.05 g / l of humic acids and 1 g / l of cobalt chloride.

The compositions of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth are presented in table 1.

The stimulating activity of the claimed wheat growth stimulator was tested on wheat seeds of the Novosibirsk-15 variety according to GOST 12038-84 [4].

Wheat seeds were moistened with the obtained wheat growth stimulator, germinated between sheets of wet filter paper for 7 days. After 7 days, seed germination was determined. Then the seedlings and roots were separated from the seeds, dried in an oven at 100-105 ° C to constant weight (within 2-2.5 hours), the dry green mass and the root mass were weighed on an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.00005 g, compared with control and expressed in%. The determination results are presented in table 2.

Tests showed that seed treatment with the claimed wheat growth stimulator increased the germination of wheat seeds to 3% relative to seeds treated with 0.001% HA without the addition of cobalt chloride, increased the dry vegetative mass of seedlings by 5-8%, dry root mass of seedlings by 21-33 %

Table 1 The compositions of the claimed wheat growth stimulator Composition number The number of starting components to obtain 1 liter of a given composition of the wheat growth stimulator The content of components in the claimed wheat growth stimulator, g / l concentrated mother liquor containing humic acids, ml cobalt chloride, g humic acids cobalt chloride one 1.10 one 0.05 one 2 0.11 2 0.005 2 3 1.10 2 0.05 2 four 0.11 one 0.005 one

The effectiveness of the use of a wheat growth stimulator was determined in a field experiment on gray podzolized soil. Table 3 presents the biometric indicators of wheat plants, the seeds of which were planted before planting with the claimed wheat growth stimulator.

From the data of table 3 it follows that the use of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth increased the area and number of leaves in wheat, which indicates the intensification of biochemical processes in plants.

Table 4 presents data on the impact of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth on wheat yield in the field experiment. It was shown that pre-sowing seed treatment with the claimed wheat growth stimulator allowed to increase the yield by 5% compared to seeds treated with a solution containing 0.001% HA without the addition of cobalt chloride. Compared to the prototype, wheat yield increased by 30%.

table 2 The biological activity of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth Experience option Germination,% Dry vegetative mass,% Dry root mass,% % to control % to a solution containing 0.001% HA without cobalt chloride % to control % to a solution containing 0.001% HA without cobalt chloride Water control 92 one hundred - one hundred - The solution obtained in example 1 and containing 0.001% humic acids (1) 94 one hundred one hundred 91 one hundred Composition: 0.001% humic acids + 0.2% cobalt chloride 95 106 105 115 125 Composition: 0.001% humic acids + 0.1% cobalt chloride 95 107 107 121 133 Composition: 0.001% humic acids + 0.15% cobalt chloride 93 105 106 110 121 Composition: 0.005% humic acids + 0.1% cobalt chloride 94 105 105 114 123 Composition: 0.005% humic acids + 0.2% cobalt chloride 95 106 106 119 132 Composition: 0.0005% humic acids + 0.1% cobalt chloride 95 107 108 112 127 Composition: 0.0005% humic acids + 0.2% cobalt chloride 94 106 106 116 129 NDS _0.5 7 7 10 9

Table 3 The influence of wheat growth stimulant on biometric indicators of wheat in the flowering phase Experience option Leaf area of one plant,% The average number of leaves,% The area of one sheet,% Tillering coefficient, pcs. 1. Control one hundred one hundred one hundred 1,0 2. Н ₆₀ Р ₆₀ К ₆₀ - mineral background 151 101 148 1,2 3. Background + solution containing 0.001% humic acids (HA) 162 102 150 1.3 4. Background + composition stimulant: 0.001% HA + 0.15% cobalt chloride 168 103 158 1.4 5. Background + composition stimulant: 0.005% HA + 0.1% cobalt chloride 163 103 152 1.4 6. Background + composition stimulant: 0.005% HA + 0.2% cobalt chloride 167 103 157 1.4 7. Background + composition stimulant: 0.0005% HA + 0.1% cobalt chloride 166 103 156 1.4 8. Background + composition stimulant: 0.0005% HA + 0.2% cobalt chloride 164 103 153 1.4

Table 4 The influence of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth on the grain yield of spring wheat varieties "Novosibirsk-15" on gray podzolized soil Experience option Grain harvest, kg / ha Grain Harvest % to control % to mineral background % to a solution containing 0.001% HA without cobalt chloride 1. Control 10.0 one hundred - - 2. N ₆₀ P ₆₀ K ₆₀ - mineral background 11.7 116 one hundred - 3. Background + solution containing 0.001% humic acids (HA) 14,4 146 123 one hundred 4. Background + solution containing 0.001% HA + 0.15% cobalt chloride 15.1 151 130 105 5. Background + solution containing 0.005% HA + 0.1% cobalt chloride 15.0 150 128 106 6. Background + solution containing 0.005% HA + 0.2% cobalt chloride 14.9 149 127 105 7. Background + solution containing 0.0005% HA + 0.1% cobalt chloride 15.1 151 129 105 8. Background + solution containing 0.0005% HA + 0.2% cobalt chloride 14.8 148 126 106 NDS ₀₅ 1.9 Prototype 20.5

The inventive stimulator of wheat growth increases the germination of seeds, stimulates the development of the root system, ensures the growth of a powerful leaf surface, increases the yield of wheat by 30% to the prototype.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 1167174, cl. C05F 11/02, 1985.

2. RF patent No. 2213452, class. А01N 65/00, С05F 11/02.

3. RF patent No. 2181710, class. C05F 11/02, C05F 3/00, publ. 2002.04.27.

4. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods. - M .: Publishing house of standards, 1984. - 28 p.

Claims (1)

A wheat growth stimulator comprising humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis, characterized in that it contains humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and additionally a cobalt salt, for example cobalt chloride, in the following ratios of components, g / l: humic acids 0.05-0.005 cobalt salt 1-2