RU2402193C1 - Method for treatment of soft stevia cuttings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of plant growing. Method provides for prolonged action of single-time treatment at accumulation of sweet glucosides in leaves and increased crop capacity of green leaf and stem mass, green leaves of plants in the field, by application of organo-mineral fertilisers to soft stevia cuttings freshly planted into vegetation container. In addition, microbiological preparation Biofit-1 is used for treatment, and organo-mineral fertilisers are represented by potassium lignogumate and Darina. At the same time treatment is carried out once, by means of serial spraying with 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignogumate until complete wetting, then in 20-25 minutes - with 0.01% aqueous solution of Darina, and in 20-25 minutes - with 0.1% of Biofit-1 solution with further closure of vegetation container by upper sleeve and planting in the field in 29-31 days.

EFFECT: method provides for prolonged impact at intensity of metabolic processes in plants vegetating in the field, improved crop capacity of leaf and stem mass, collection of dry leaves, more active accumulation of sweet glucosides in stevia leaves and their increased harvest per single hectare of plantation.

3 tbl, 8 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to crop production, in particular to increase the content in the leaves of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsley) of the amount of sweet glucosides due to the processing of green cuttings used to obtain seedlings, biologically active substances in a protected ground.

BACKGROUND

Stevia is a technical crop whose leaves contain sweet glucosides and are a valuable environmentally friendly raw material for obtaining a natural sugar substitute for the diet of diabetics and other metabolic diseases. In this regard, of great technological and economic importance is the increase in the content of sweet glucosides in the leaf mass.

One of the most common ways to improve the quality of cultivated plants is breeding to increase a specific quality indicator. The selection method in stevia can increase the content of the amount of sweet glucosides, but, as experience has shown, by a small amount. By transferring stevia from the diploid to the tetraploid level, VNIISS breeders managed to increase the glucoside content by only 1% (Zhuzhzhalova T.P., Znamenskaya V.V., Kornienko L.V., Podvigina O.A. About selection of stevia // Sugar beet. - 2004. - No. 7, p. 32-33). This path is very long, laborious and, unfortunately, ineffective.

The use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of stevia can significantly increase the amount of sweet glucosides. Pre-planting chemical fertilizers at a dose of N60 P60 K60 in the field made it possible to increase the content of sweet glycosides in comparison with the control (without fertilizer) by 5.1% (Zhabina V.I. Economic and biological evaluation of the Ramonskaya grade stevia is sweetened when introduced into the culture on leached chernozems Diss. Candidate of Agricultural Science, Stavropol, 2004.P.-112).

A known method of increasing the sugar content of sugar beets, in which, like other sugar-bearing crops, is mainly solved by breeding (US patent No. 4630393, 1986). Practice shows that breeders have been working for several decades to increase the sugar content in sugar beet root crops by 1%. In addition, in order to maintain a high level of sugar content in varieties of sugar beets, it is necessary to carry out supporting seed production, since when reproducing due to the multidirectional effect of natural selection, maintaining a high level of root crop yield is accompanied by a decrease in their sugar content.

There is a method of increasing the yield of sugar from sugar beets by treating vegetating plants with a solution of 3- (2-methoxy-3.6 dichlorobenzoate) sucrose (see US patent No. 4284425, class A01N 37/00, 1961). The disadvantages of the method: the inaccessibility of the proposed drug due to the complex chemical structure; the use of this drug, like many other complex organic compounds, does not guarantee environmental safety.

A known method, including spraying with an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance of vegetative plants of sugar beet, characterized in that acetic acid is used as a biologically active substance in a concentration of 0.02-2.0% with a flow rate of a working solution of 450-460 l / ha (see Patent RU No. 2070393, A01N 37/00). As a result of such processing of vegetative sugar beet plants several weeks before harvesting beets, an increase in sugar content and yield of white sugar in root crops by 0.6-1.5% is achieved with the complete exclusion of environmental pollution.

At present, the domestic industry has proposed new highly effective eco-friendly plant growth regulators. Testing them on many crops revealed the ability to stimulate growth processes. One of these drugs is a natural plant growth stimulator of potassium humate. Its high efficiency was revealed during the formation of a crop of sunflower, wheat and other crops (Ermakov E.I., Popov A.I., Foliar treatment of plants with humic substances as an environmentally harmonious adjustment of productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems. // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. - 2003 . - No. 4. - P.7-11; Shapoval OA. Formation of winter wheat crop during processing by growth regulators // Fertility. - 2004. - No. 3. - P.16-17).

A known method of increasing potato productivity, including germination of tubers by light for 20-25 days at a constant temperature of + 12-14 ° C and pre-planting treatment of potato tubers, characterized in that when germination is completed, an aqueous solution of the following is applied to the surface of the tubers with vigorous stirring compositions: Darina-10 at the rate of 1.5 kg / t and Fitosporin - 0.2 kg / t of tubers or Darina-10 at the rate of 1.5 kg / t, Fitosporin - 0.2 kg / t and Silk - 50 ml / t of tubers at a rate of consumption of a working solution of 30 l / t of tubers and processed tubers are planted no later than 2 days after their processing (patent RU No. 2333628, IPC A01G 1/00 (2006.01).

The closest analogue to the claimed object is the use of complex organic fertilizer "Humate potassium liquid peat" (chemical composition of the preparation: humic acids - 80.0 g / l, fulvic acids - 2.0 g / l, amino acids - 1.2 g / l, carbohydrates - 0.2 g / l, low molecular weight organic acids - 2.5 g / l, nitrogen - 0.35 g / l, phosphorus - 1.5 g / l, potassium - 1.5 g / l.). The composition of the drug also includes biologically active forms of trace elements (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum). In experiments on the experimental field of VNIIKH in 1998 and 1999, on tubers of the Sante variety, tubers were treated before planting with a flow rate of 0.2 l / ha of the preparation and three times non-root treatment (1st in the emergence phase, 2nd with an interval of 15- 17 days after the first, drug consumption 0.4 + 0.4 + 0.4 l / ha). The increase in the yield of potato tubers in 1998 from the use of potassium humate was 4.6 t / ha or 18.8% at 24.5 t / ha under control, whereas under the conditions of 1999, these indicators respectively amounted to 3.6 t / ha or 17.5% and 21.1 t / ha. The use of potassium humate significantly stimulated the growth and development of plants. The defeat of potatoes by diseases decreased by 3%, and the yield of healthy potatoes increased by 18.2%. The quality indicators of potatoes improved, the mass of dry matter, starch increased, and the content of nitrates decreased (Ilyin E.A. Complex organic-mineral fertilizer “Potassium humate liquid peat” by Flexom LLC, p.53-54).

The disadvantage of these methods is that they are designed for other crops (sugar beets, potatoes). There are no publications and patents on ways to increase the amount of sweet stevia glucosides by exposure to green cuttings of biologically active substances in greenhouses.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to develop an easy-to-use and environmentally friendly method of increasing the amount of sweet glucosides in stevia leaves in combination with increasing the yield of leafy mass, which, due to the total positive effect on these indicators, increases the collection of sweet glucosides from 1 ha of planting by affecting freshly planted green cuttings biologically active substances.

The technical result that can be obtained using the proposed method for processing green Stevia cuttings is reduced to a simplification of the method, environmental cleanliness, low cost, prolonged effect on the intensity of metabolic processes in plants growing in the field, which leads to an increase in leafy plant mass yield, collection of dry leaves , more active accumulation of sweet glucosides in stevia leaves and an increase in their collection per hectare of planting.

The technical result is achieved using the proposed method for processing stevia cuttings, which includes processing freshly planted stevia cuttings in organic fertilizers, which are potassium lignohumate and Darina, and the microbiological preparation Biofit-1 is additionally used for processing, while the treatment is carried out once, by sequential spraying until the leaves are completely wetted: 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate, then after 20-25 minutes 0.01% aqueous solution m Darina and after 20-25 minutes with 0.1% aqueous solution of Biofit-1, followed by closing the growing container with an upper glass and planting the resulting seedlings in the field after 29-31 days.

The organomineral fertilizers Lignohumate potassium and Darin used as well as the microbiological preparation Biofit-1, which are used for achieving the technical result, are approved for use in agriculture, certified and manufactured industrially.

Potassium Lignohumate. Effective humic fertilizer for feeding all types of plants. The total salt content of humic substances is up to 5.4%. Mass fraction of macro- and microelements in terms of dry matter in%, not less than: potassium - 9; sulfur - 3; no more: iron - 0.2; Manganese - 0.12; copper - 0.12, zinc - 0.12, molybdenum - 0.015; boron - 0.15; cobolt - 0.12; calcium, silicon, magnesium - presence (see. Registrar and manufacturer of NPO “RET”, St. Petersburg, Address: 196105, St. Petersburg, 1 Y. Gagarina ave. Tel / Fax: (812 ) 346-5791, 346-8655).

Biofit-1. Microbiological preparation for the protection and stimulation of plant growth. Composition: a consortium of live cultures of lactic acid, nitrogen-fixing, photosynthetic microbes, ammonifiers, saccharomycetes of antagonists of pathogenic fungi and bacteria of the genera Pceudomonas and Bacillus in optimal proportions (see. Registrant and manufacturer of NPO Biotech LLC, Stavropol, 30, Dovatortsev St., U. Dovatortsev St., 30. 9291-002-22129272-03. State registration number 065/005088).

Darina Specialized for different cultures, liquid concentrated ecologically pure organic fertilizer with microelements based on natural relict raw materials of lake sapropel, fertilizer pH 9.5, contains humic acids - 1.5 g / l, fulvic acids of at least 7 g / l, sulfonic acids of at least 7 g / l, nitrogen - 8-13 g / l, phosphorus (P ₂ O) in the form of chelates - 16-22 g / l, trace elements; molybdenum, manganese, zinc, cobalt, copper, as well as enzymes that catalyze oxidation processes and hydrolysis reactions, a wide range of soil microorganisms in the amount of natural background of sapropel (see Developer and manufacturer ZAO Baltkonversiya, St. Petersburg. Representation on Stavropolsky to the edge of Zodiac LLC -50. St. Essentukskaya, Gagarina St., 56. T / f 8 (87961) 5-07-65, 8 (87934) 5-16-83).

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the freshly planted green stevia cuttings were sprayed with a manual sprayer until the leaves are completely wetted with 0.01% potassium lignohumate solution, then after 20-25 minutes, 0.01% Darin solution was applied until the leaves are completely wetted and after 20-25 minutes was sprayed with 0.1% aqueous solution of Biofit-1 and covered with the upper part of the container. Subsequently, seedlings and plants were grown in the field in accordance with accepted agricultural techniques (Zhabina V.I. Economic and biological assessment of the stevia of the Ramonskaya variety was sweetened when introduced into the culture on leached chernozems. Diss. Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Stavropol, 2004 S.-112).

Using the proposed method for the treatment of freshly planted green cuttings with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances allows increasing the amount of sweet glucosides in the dry stevia leaves by 6.3-7.0%, the yield of green leafy mass by 32.7-39.7%, and the collection of sweet glucosides by 107.4-119.9%.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Examples of specific implementation of the method of processing cuttings of stevia.

To study the effects of potassium lignohumate, Darin, Biofit-1 on the yield of green mass, green leaves, the accumulation of the amount of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia, a three-factor experiment was laid. Processing freshly planted green cuttings with working solutions of potassium lignohumate, Darin, Biofit-1 was carried out in a greenhouse, and then the resulting seedlings were planted in the field.

In the greenhouse, freshly planted stevia cuttings were treated with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances, the green cuttings were taken freshly cut with two pairs of leaves and placed in an individual vegetation container that we had previously patented (patent RU No. 2289908, 2005. Krivenko AA, Starodubtseva GP, Voiskova A.I., Zhabina V.I., Esaulko N.A.) with a soil substrate (a mixture of chernozem and humus in a ratio of 3: 1), moreover, the humidity of the soil substrate is 75-80%, the average daily temperature is 20-23 ° C, relative humidity 65-70%.

In order to trace the effect of treating green freshly planted cuttings with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances on the yield of leaf-stem mass and the accumulation of sweet glucosides in stevia leaves, a three-factor field experiment was laid. The experiment was laid in 4-fold repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat, planting pattern 25 × 70 cm. The accounting area of the plot is 5.3 m ² . The length of the accounting part of the plot is 7.5 m, and the width is 0.70 m. The plots are located in one tier. Placement of options within repetitions is randomized.

The plants were harvested manually in the budding phase: the stem was cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. The amount of sweet glucosides was determined by the method based on water-alcohol extraction (TU 9729-003-00668620-06, Stavropol GAU).

Example No. 1, control

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), and covered with the upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 30-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glycosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In the control, the yield of green mass was 11.32 t / ha, green leaves - 5.37 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.15 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides - 11.3%, the collection of sweet glucosides - 0.243 t / ha (table 1).

Example No. 2

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), a 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate is applied to the stalk until completely wetted leaves, cover with an upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 30-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 2, the "Treatment of 0.01% water. potassium lignohumate solution ", the yield of green mass was 13.95 t / ha, green leaves - 6.75 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.70 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides - 12.8%, the collection of sweet glucosides - 0.346 t / ha one).

Example No. 3

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), and a 0.01% aqueous solution of Darin is applied to the stem with a sprayer until the leaves are completely wetted cover with the top glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 30-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 3, the "Treatment of 0.01% water. Darina solution ”, the yield of green mass was 12.63 t / ha, green leaves - 5.62 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.25 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides - 16.3%, the collection of sweet glucosides - 0.367 t / ha (table 1 )

Example No. 4

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), a 0.1% aqueous solution of Biofit-1 is applied to the stalk to the full wetting the leaves, cover with an upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 30-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 4, "Treatment of 0.1% water. r-Biofit-1 ”, the yield of green mass was 13.26 t / ha, green leaves - 5.50 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.20 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides - 15.7%, the collection of sweet glucosides - 0.345 t / ha ( Table 1).

Table 1 Yield and collection of sweet stevia glucosides Option Productivity Sum of Sweet Glucose
dov,% Sweet glucoside collection green mass, t / ha ± to control in% green leaves, t / ha dry leaves, t / ha ± to control in% t / ha ± to control
Liu in% No processing 11.32 5.37 2.15 11.3 0.246 L 13.95 +23.2 6.75 2.70 +25.6 12.8 0.346 +42.4 D 12.63 +11.6 5.62 2.25 +4.6 16.3 0.367 +51.0 B1 13.26 +17.1 5.50 2.20 +2.3 15.7 0.345 +42.0 L + B1 13.63 +20.4 6.82 2.73 +27.0 14.7 0.401 +65.0 L + D 14.02 +23.8 6.43 2,57 +19.5 17.1 0.440 +81.0 L + D + B1 15.13 +33.7 7.29 2.92 +35.8 18.3 0.534 +119.8 L + D + B1 02/15 +32.7 7.16 2.80 +30.0 18.0 0.504 +107.4 Abbreviations in the table: L - Potassium Lignohumate (0.01% water. R-r); D - Darina (0.01% water. Solution), B1 - Biofit-1 (0.1% water. Solution)

Example No. 5

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), a 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate is applied to the stalk until completely wetted then, after 20 minutes, 0.1% aqueous solution of Biofit-1 is applied until the leaves are completely wetted, covered with an upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 30-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 5, the "Processing of 0.01% water. potassium lignohumate solution + water solution 0.1% Biofit-1 ", the yield of green mass was 13.63 t / ha, green leaves - 6.82 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.73 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides - 14.7%, collection of sweet glucosides - 0.401 t / ha (table 1).

Example No. 6

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), a 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate is applied to the stalk until completely wetted then, after 20 minutes, a 0.01% Darin aqueous solution is applied until the leaves are completely wetted, covered with an upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 30-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 6, the "Processing of 0.01% water. potassium lignohumate + water solution, 0.01% Darina, the yield of green mass was 14.02 t / ha, green leaves - 6.43 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.57 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides - 17.1%, collection of sweet glucosides - 0.440 t / ha (table 1).

Example No. 7

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), a 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate is applied to the stalk until completely wetted then, after 20 minutes, a 0.01% Darin aqueous solution is applied until the leaves are completely wetted and also after 20 minutes a 0.1% Biofit-1 solution is applied, covered with an upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. 29-day-old seedlings are planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried for 24 hours on a table, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 7, the "Treatment of 0.01% water. potassium lignohumate solution + 0.01% water. Darina solution + 0.1% water solution Biofit-1 "(treatment with the second and third drugs was carried out after 20 minutes), the yield of green mass was 15.13 t / ha, green leaves - 7.29 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.92 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides is 18.3%, the collection of sweet glucosides is 0.534 t / ha (table 1).

Example No. 8

In the greenhouse, 50 apical green cuttings of the same size with two pairs of developed leaves are cut off from the uterine plants, placed in the lower glass of the vegetation container, the soil substrate is moistened (70% of the least moisture capacity), a 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate is applied to the stalk until completely wetted then, after 25 minutes, a 0.01% aqueous solution of Darin is applied until the leaves are completely wetted and also after 25 minutes a 0.1% solution of Biofit-1 is applied, covered with an upper glass. The survival rate of green cuttings is 100%. A 31-day-old seedling is planted in the field; when planting, plants are watered at the rate of 0.2 l per plant. In the budding phase, plants are cut at a height of 10 cm from the soil level. Plants are placed in plastic bags, tightly tied, a label with the designation of the variant (example) is imposed and immediately transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the plants are unpacked, to determine the green leafy mass, the plants are weighed, the leaves are torn off and the mass of green leaves is determined. The leaves are dried on the table for 24 hours, and then dried for 4 hours at 60 ° C in a thermostat, the mass of dry leaves is determined, dry leaves are placed in paper bags, which are signed and covered with adhesive tape. In a chemical laboratory, an analysis is carried out to determine the content of sweet glucosides in the dry leaves of stevia according to the above method. All indicators are recalculated per 1 hectare.

In example 8, the "Treatment of 0.01% water. potassium lignohumate solution + 0.01% water. Darina solution + 0.1% water solution Biofit-1 ", (treatment with the second and third preparations was carried out after 25 minutes), the yield of green mass was 15.02 t / ha, green leaves - 7.16 t / ha, dry leaves - 2.80 t / ha, the content of the sum of sweet glucosides is 18.0%, the collection of sweet glucosides is 0.504 t / ha (table 1).

Options 7 and 8 differed from other options by a higher yield of green mass and green leaves, as well as a higher content of sweet glucosides in dry leaves and the collection of sweet glucosides, i.e. they are the best.

The use of aqueous solutions of Lignohumate potassium, Darin and Biofit-1 allows you to get environmentally friendly products. The presence of heavy metals: lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic in the dry leaves of stevia in all processing options is significantly lower than the permissible level indicated in the regulatory documents. SanPin 2.32.1078-01 (table 2).

table 2 The content of heavy metals in the dry leaves of stevia Option Lead mg / kg Cadmium mg / kg Mercury mg / kg Arsenic mg / kg research result Remote control result
research Remote control result
research Remote control result
research Remote control No processing 1.1 ± 0.31 6.0 0.2 ± 0.042 1,0 0.002 ± 0.0004 0.1 0.22 ± 0.077 0.5 L 0.7 ± 0.18 6.0 0.17 ± 0.042 1,0 0.0043 ± 0.0009 0.1 0.2 ± 0.07 0.5 D 0.98 ± 0.31 6.0 0.18 ± 0.042 1,0 0.0024 ± 0.0005 0.1 0.2 ± 0.077 0.5 B1 1.2 ± 0.31 6.0 0.2 ± 0.042 1,0 0.0045 ± 0.0009 0.1 0.23 ± 0.08 0.5 Abbreviations in the table: L - Potassium Lignohumate (0.01% water. R-r); D - Darina (0.01% water. Solution), B1 - Biofit-1 (0.1% water. Solution); ДУ - value of admissible level

The results of radiological studies showed high radiological purity of the dry stevia leaf in all processing options. The radiation level for cesium 137 and strontium 90 is regulated by the following regulatory documents MUK 2.6.1.1 194-03 MI approved. GN MC “VNIIFTRI” dated March 29, 2004, MI approved. GN MC “VNIIFTRI” dated December 22, 2003 (table 3).

Table 3 Radiological Results Option Cesium Bq / kg Strontium Bq / kg Research results Hygiene Norm Research results Hygiene Norm No processing Less than 3.0 400,0 60.8 200,0 L Less than 3.0 400,0 62.3 200,0 D Less than 3.0 400,0 61.0 200,0 B1 Less than 3.0 400,0 60.4 200,0 L + B1 Less than 3.0 400,0 61.3 200,0 L + D Less than 3.0 400,0 61.8 200,0 L + D + B1 Less than 3.0 400,0 60.2 200,0 L + D + B1 Less than 3.0 400,0 60.1 200,0 Abbreviations in the table: L - Potassium Lignohumate (0.01% water. R-r); D - Darina (0.01% water. Solution), B1 - Biofit-1 (0.1% water. Solution);

From the results of experiments on the method for processing green Stevia cuttings, examples 7 and 8 should be considered the most optimal, which differed from other options by the highest yield of green mass and green leaves, as well as a higher content of the sum of sweet glucosides and the collection of sweet glucosides from 1 hectare of planting stevia .

Thus, examples 7 and 8 "Treatment of 0.01% water. potassium lignohumate solution + 0.01% water. Darina solution + 0.1% Biofit-1 solution ”(treatment with the second and third preparation after 20 and 25 minutes), the yield of green mass was 15.13 t / ha and 15.02 t / ha; green leaves 7.29 t / ha and 7.16 t / ha; dry leaves 2.92 t / ha and 2.80 t / ha; the content of the amount of sweet glucosides 18.3% and 18.0%; the collection of sweet glucosides 0.534 t / ha and 0.504 t / ha, which was significantly higher than in examples 1-6. The resulting product - dry stevia leaves - is environmentally friendly.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- a single treatment of green Stevia cuttings when planting in a vegetation container to obtain seedlings in protected ground;

- the prolonged action of a single treatment of green stevia cuttings upon receipt of seedlings on the accumulation of sweet glucosides in stevia leaves and an increase in the yield of green leafy mass, green leaves of stevia plants in the field;

- an increase in the collection of dry stevia leaves from 1 ha;

- an increase in the amount of sweet glucosides in the stevia leaves;

- an increase in the collection of sweet glucosides in stevia leaves from 1 ha;

- obtaining environmentally friendly products;

- cost reduction;

- improvement of phytosanitary and ecological state of plants and the environment.

Claims (1)

A method of processing green cuttings upon receipt of stevia seedlings, providing a prolonged action of a single treatment on the accumulation of sweet glucosides in the leaves and increasing the yield of green leafy stem mass, green leaves of plants in the field, including processing freshly planted green Stevia cuttings in the vegetation container with organic mineral fertilizers, characterized in that for treatments additionally use the microbiological preparation Biofit-1, and Lig is used as organomineral fertilizers potassium ogumate and Darina, while the treatment is carried out once by sequential spraying until completely wetted with a 0.01% aqueous solution of potassium lignohumate, then after 20-25 minutes with a 0.01% aqueous solution of Darina and after 20-25 minutes 0, 1% solution of Biofit-1, followed by closing the growing container with an upper glass and planting in the field after 29-31 days.