RU2536915C2 - Method of production of seedlings of stevia from seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and breeding. In the method the seeds of stevia are soaked for 8 hours in the solution of zircon, the solution of hydroxycinnamic acids in alcohol at a concentration of 0.1 g/l. In early March, the seeds are sown in the greenhouse on a substrate from the mixture of soil:sand in the ratio of 2:1 in the trays without embedding. The conditions of excessive moisture content are created by covering with polyethylene film in the first days to germination.

EFFECT: method enables to increase seed germination and seedling survival, as well as to obtain quality planting material.

2 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, breeding, namely the introduction of valuable new plants.

The invention solves the problem of production in large quantities with high growth rates and the development of high-quality planting material of a new stevia plant containing glycosides that are 300-500 times sweeter than sugar.

A known method of obtaining seedlings of stevia, including the preparation of green cuttings. In this case, a freshly cut stalk with two pairs of leaves is placed in an individual vegetation container with soil substrate with the creation of a “wet chamber” by isolating each stalk (see Pat. RF No. 2289908, Cl. A01G 1/00, published 08.03.2007). However, this method is time-consuming, requires large areas for the preparation of seedlings, is not suitable for mass production of planting material of stevia.

There is also a method of obtaining rooted cuttings of stevia, which includes treating cuttings with an aqueous IMC concentration of 50 mg / l by immersing them in a solution followed by rooting in a moist substrate containing sand at high humidity, with 2-3 days used as rooting cuttings shoots in which leaf blades are cut by 2/3, treatment with a solution of indolylbutyric acid at a concentration of 50 mg / l is carried out for 20-26 hours, and river sand is used as a substrate (see US Pat. RF No. 2079267, Cl. A01G 1 / 00, publ. 05.20.97). However, this method is laborious and does not allow to obtain seedlings for large areas under the crop.

Currently, there are no analogues to the method of obtaining stevia seedlings from seeds. And for the full introduction of a new plant into the area of cultivated crops, the Central Chernozem Region, a transition from the vegetative method of propagation to seed reproduction is necessary.

The method is intended for mass production of seedlings of culture based on the development of seedlings from stevia seeds, which is considered to produce non-viable seeds, and for the production of developed seedlings of stevia when grown in large quantities in the field.

For this, Stevia seedlings (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) are grown from seedlings obtained from the created new material, Stevia, capable of forming seeds under the conditions of the Central Black Earth. In this case, the seeds are treated with the growth substance Zircon (a solution of hydroxycinnamic acids in alcohol 0.1 g / l) for 6-8 hours, then the seeds are sown in large spring pans with a substrate (soil mixture: sand 2: 1) without termination when creating conditions of high humidity before seed germination.

The proposed method for growing planting material of stevia consists of the following aspects.

1 - Stevia seed sowing time.

It is recommended to sow stevia seeds in early spring, since the largest number of stevia seeds germinates in early March, while their germination is 69.4% with a germination energy of 49.4%.

When sown in soil in early April, the germination energy of stevia seeds is 36.7%, and germination - 60.0%. When sowing seeds in May, germination energy is 23.3%, germination - only 30.0% (Figure 1).

Such a difference in germination and germination energy is due to a decrease in the sowing qualities of stevia seeds when sown in later months due to an increase in the shelf life of the seeds. In addition, with increasing daily temperatures for the germination of Stevia seeds, severe conditions arise due to high air temperatures in the greenhouse on sunny days in May (up to 70 ° C), which causes overheating and death of seedlings.

2 - The mechanism of sowing seeds.

It is recommended to sow stevia seeds on top of the substrate and water by spraying. With even a small incorporation of stevia seeds into the soil, the germination energy and seed germination are low and make up 16.7% and 30.0%, respectively (table 1).

Table 1 Germination energy and germination of stevia seeds with different methods of sowing Sowing method Germination energy,% Germination,% With termination 16.7 30,0 No termination 36.7 60.0

When sowing stevia seeds without seeding (on top of the soil mixture), the studied parameters increase significantly. At the same time, the germination energy is 36.7%, germination - 60.0%. Shelter is used with plastic wrap for the first time after sowing before seed germination. Otherwise, if you do not remove the film, the seedlings rot.

3 - Pre-soaking of stevia seeds in Zircon solution for 8 hours.

To stimulate germination, it is recommended that stevia seeds be treated before sowing with the Zircon growth substance for 4-8 hours. The germination energy and seed germination in this case is 56.7% and 63.3%, respectively (Figure 2).

After seed germination, a significant portion of the developing stevia seedlings die. The greatest survivability is observed for stevia seedlings in the variant with an 8-hour seed treatment with Zircon - 73.7% (table 2). Ultimately, in this embodiment, the greatest amount of seedlings is obtained from the seeds.

table 2 Biomorphological indicators of stevia seedlings depending on the method of seed treatment Processing option Germination,% Height cm The number of pairs of leaves Leaf area, sq. cm. Control (dry) 69.2 13.0 5 3,1 Control (water) 72,2 15,5 5 4.9 Zircon, 4 hours 66.7 16.5 7 5.7 Epin, 4 hours 60.0 16,0 6 3.8 Zircon, 8 hours 73.7 19.0 8 5.8 Epin, 8 hours 44.0 17.5 7 8.3

In addition to stimulating seed germination, soaking in Zircon solution for 8 hours helps to accelerate the growth of Stevia seedlings and increase its biomorphological parameters. In this case, the seedlings reach a height of 19.0 cm, has 8 pairs of leaves with an area of 5.8 cm ² .

This effect of Zircon on stevia seedlings is due to the unique properties of its hydroxycinnamic acids (HCCs), which, being physiologically active substances, play the role of growth regulators, immunomodulators and anti-stress adaptogens in plants. In this regard, under the influence of Zircon, seed germination is accelerated, as well as the onset of subsequent phases of development. Plants quickly switch to root nutrition and use mineral nutrition elements more efficiently.

The invention is illustrated by the following example.

In March, stevia seeds are placed in a container with a solution of the Zircon growth substance, mixed for uniform wetting and left for 8 hours. Then the seeds are placed on a substrate (soil: sand 2: 1 mixture) of pallets (without embedding) and create the effect of a wet chamber due to covering with a plastic film until the seeds germinate. During the growing season, drip irrigation is used.

The inventive method allows to obtain seedlings of stevia from seeds, which is important when introducing new plants. In addition, this method helps to increase seed germination and survival of seedlings, as well as accelerate the development of stevia seedlings and to obtain high-quality planting material in large quantities.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining stevia seedlings from seeds, including soaking stevia seeds in a Zircon solution, a solution of hydroxycinnamic acids in alcohol 0.1 g / l, for 8 hours, sowing in a greenhouse at the beginning of March in trays on a substrate from a mixture of soil: sand - 2: 1 without sealing when creating conditions of high humidity due to cover with a plastic film in the first days before germination.

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