CN103843574A - Planting method of Fuding large white tea - Google Patents
Planting method of Fuding large white tea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method of Fuding large white tea, which is characterized in that A, the large white tea is planted in such a way that the line spacing of a single plant is 0.6-1.0m, and the longitudinal spacing of a single plant is 0.8-1.2m, and a gentle slope of which the gradient is 35-60 degrees, preferably 40-50 degrees, and more preferably about 45 degrees is selected in priority to be as a field of a tea garden; B, at least two of lavender, zoysia matrella, semen cassia and astragalus smicus are planted among tea trees in a manner of mixture; C, osmanthus trees, camellia or hibiscus trees, preferably osmanthus trees, are planted in the tea garden in a manner of interplanting, the line spacing is 6-14m, and the plant spacing of each line is 6-8m; D, grass is laid for overshadowing, thereby reducing insect pests, playing a role of green manure and also improving the fragrance and quality of tea leaves; E, the tea garden is tilled and preferably tilled in a manner of deep ploughing, and is irrigated in combination with organic fertilizer; F, the tea trees are trimmed. After being planted, the single plant tea seedling grows for 3-4 years and then reaches a harvest time, and new tea leaves harvested have the characteristics of being thick, long and robust. According to the planting method, large white tea which has the characteristics of tight trabs, mellow and thick flavor, and strong incense and high taste can be produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of Fuding white tea.
Background technology
Fuding white tea has another name called Fuding White Milli-Silver Needle Tea, originates in storefront town, Fuding City, Fujian Province, and clone belongs to dungarunga type, middle period class, early germ kind, suitable congou tea processed, white tea, the tight thin aobvious milli of bar rope, green tea, white tea pekoe.Its magnificent tea belongs to clone No. 2, dungarunga type, middle period class, early germ kind, suitable congou tea processed, white tea, the tight thin aobvious milli of bar rope, thick flavor alcohol.Fuding white tea cultivation history is long, has raising immunity, eliminates effect tired, anti-oxidant, delay senility, improve looks U.S. face, anti-inflammation, therefore extensively gets consumer reception.
But, in order to improve the market competitiveness, there is demand for the quality of further raising great Bai tea.
The method of tealeaves tree with other plants interplanting disclosed in prior art.Tealeaves tree and vine interplanting method are disclosed in CN103314744A (201310208572.4).CN103314830A (201310210369.0) discloses the interplanting method of tealeaves tree with beech tree.CN103460929A (201310400632.2) discloses tea place tea tree and has planted clover in the ranks and cut weeds and hold fertile method.CN103493667A (201310468807.3) discloses pear tree and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on the demand, and the implantation methods of a kind of Fuding white tea tea tree is provided, according to this implantation methods, can produce there is bar rope tight knot, flavour is mellow, the great Bai tea of fragrant high highly seasoned feature.
Implantation methods of the present invention is characterised in that:
A, according to 0.6~1.0 meter of individual plant line-spacing, preferably 0.7~0.9 meter, 0.8~1.2 meter of advance, the preferably individual plant tea seedling tea kind of 0.9~1.1 meter of plantation great Bai tea, the preferential gradient of selecting is at 35~60 °, and preferably 40~50 °, more preferably from about ground, the gentle slope of 45 ° of left and right is as field, tea place;
B, between individual plant tea tree, mixed planting is selected from least two or more in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, and preferably three kinds or four kinds, more preferably lavender and be selected from more than one in Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch;
C, tea place interplanting osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon tree, preferably osmanthus fragrans, with 6~14 meters of line spaces, more preferably from about 10 meters, 6~8 meters of every row strain spacing, preferably approximately 7 meters of whole rows of interplanting or osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon tree in a row;
D, litter and shelter from heat or light, reduce insect pest, play the effect of green fertilizer, can also improve the fragrance of tealeaves, quality;
E, tea place farming, the farming of preferably deep ploughing, and irrigate in conjunction with fertilizer;
F, tea bush trimmer.
For the tea place of gentle slope type, from high toward low direction, be called longitudinally, be roughly known as laterally along the direction of equal height.
In southern china tea tree planting area, (as Fujian Province, especially Fuding City), for the gentle slope as tea place, can select the gentle slope of all directions four direction, that is, and and Dong Po, Nan Po, Xi Po, north slope.Preferably, select towards southern tailo, towards eastern Dong Po or the Xi Po being exposed to the west, or select the slope, the southeast of southeastern direction or the southwestern slope of southwestward.
" whole row " described here or " in a row " refer to one then one in one direction.In each row, for example, every osmanthus fragrans of 2-4 rice (2.5-3.4 rice, as 3 meters) plantation, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree.Generally, the spacing between two adjacent trees of planting is that both branches after growth 2-3 are adjacent to each other., after growth 2-3, between adjacent branch in every two trees, there is no spacing or have the spacing of less (for example 5cm-0.6m or 10cm-0.5m, as 20cm, 30cm, 40cm).
Littering shelters from heat or light refers to that field adopts the grass seeds such as lavender to be laid between tea tree, and every osmanthus fragrans of several meters of plantations, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree, grass seeds Main Function is for reducing insect pest, and play the effect of green fertilizer, the Main Function of osmanthus fragrans, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree is for sheltering from heat or light and unique air ambient being provided, in the tealeaves mature period, make the fragrance of tealeaves, quality is significantly improved.
The height of plantation or the osmanthus fragrans of culture transferring, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree is generally from higher than 1.5 meters to 5 meters, for example 1.7 meters to 4.5 meters, and preferably 1.8 meters to 4 meters, as 2.5 meters, 3 meters, 3.5 meters.
The first situation, calculate by cultivated area, be selected from two kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the cultivated area of each can be 30~70% (preferably 40~60%), the vacant lot gross area based between tea tree.Be selected from three kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the cultivated area of each can be 10~50% (preferably 20~40%), the vacant lot gross area based between tea tree.Be selected from four kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the cultivated area of each can be 10~40% (preferably 20~30%), the vacant lot gross area based between tea tree.
The second situation, calculate by the quantity of the plant seed of the grass seeds of (or sowing), be selected from two kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the seed of each can be 30~70% (quantity) (preferably 40~60%), whole seed amounts of two kinds of seeds of the vacant lot upper seeding wheel based between tea tree.Be selected from three kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the seed of each can be 10~50% (quantity) (preferably 20~40%), whole seed amounts of three kinds of seeds of the vacant lot upper seeding wheel based between tea tree.Be selected from four kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the seed of each can be 10~40% (quantity) (preferably 20~30%), whole seed amounts of four kinds of seeds of the vacant lot upper seeding wheel based between tea tree.
Generally, these different grass seeds miscegenation at random, loose kind.Or be divided between zonule and plant.
Preferably, individual plant line-spacing is 0.8 meter, and advance is 1 meter, and tea place all adopts organic manure from opening up wasteland to plucking, without any chemical combination fertilizer.Take with the cultivation of only strain formula, plant tea place with conventional bar compared with, solely the tea tree of strain formula is cultivated, middle mixed planting lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, can be used for sheltering from heat or light and increasing floristics, can prevent, reduce diseases and pests of tea tree, after withering, can be used as again fertilizer.According to inventor's test, if use separately the only one in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the above-mentioned successful that prevents, reduces diseases and pests of tea tree is insufficient.In addition, osmanthus fragrans is used for sheltering from heat or light, and in the tealeaves mature period, the fragrance of tealeaves, quality is significantly improved.
Tea place cover plantation sweet osmanthus, camellia or shrub althea flower carpentery workshop are for sheltering from heat or light; adopt the tea tree planting mode of multi-dimensional model; multi-level greening; protection is ecological; prevent erosion; with two or more the combining in mixed planting lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, make the tealeaves of producing there is bar rope tight knot, mellow, the fragrant high highly seasoned feature of flavour, obviously improve tea leaf quality.
The inventor finds through repeatedly practising afterwards of more than ten years, by by several specific grass seeds, plantation combines with osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon flowers and trees (rose of Sharon tree), especially, by lavender and other grass seeds being selected from Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch are carried out to miscegenation and interplanting osmanthus trees, camellia or rose of Sharon tree, thereby for the tea tree in tea place provides unique growing environment, after the cultivation of individual plant tea seedling, through the harvest time that grows into of 3-4, it is thick, long, strong in bud that the fresh tea leaf in its of gathering embodies feature.Although output slightly less but of fine quality, and it is shorter to compare the cycle with similar tealeaves, and the picking period can extend one month.Even if the tealeaves of gathering is processed into great Bai tea finished product according to conventional method, the latter but has than the better mouthfeel of common great Bai tea, local flavor, and especially flavour is mellow, fragrant high highly seasoned.And seem also to show, the leaf of above-mentioned several grass seeds and osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon tree and the material that especially flowers discharge or aromatic substance seem also to have had influence on the local flavor of tealeaves.Illustrate that the fresh tea leaf in its of growing has certain absorbing capacity.
The process technology of Fuding white tea is the technology of comparative maturity, referring to " Fuding white tea kind and process technology " (11 phases of < Chinese tea >2008, fault Yulin, Lin Daixing).In addition, for example, also can process with following methods: (percentage composition is quality percentage composition); Pluck fresh leaf as raw material take Fuding white tea tea tree breed, by raw material carry out spreading for cooling, complete, knead, just dry, rub with the hands milli, spreading for cooling finally carries out sufficient baking after withering.Wherein said spreading for cooling refers to, keeping indoor temperature is 14 ℃~22 ℃, and humidity is 70%~90%, and leaf-spreading thickness is 0.5~1.5cm, and the spreading for cooling time is 4 hours~8 hours, fresh leaf weight-loss ratio 15%~25%.Described raw material carries out fresh leaf classification after plucking and refers to: select the fresh leaf of superfine or one-level to process; Described completing refers to roller fixation machine, 110 ℃~150 ℃ of the temperature that completes, 2~3 minutes time; Described kneading refers to: adopt manual heat to rub or kneading machine is kneaded 3 minutes~5 minutes; Described first baking refers to: adopt warm air drier, just dry temperature and be controlled at 100 ℃~120 ℃, throw leaf amount 0.3kg~0.5kg for every pot, manual the kneading in baking limit, limit done shape; Described stranding milli refers to: be dried to originally water content 10~15%, the manual hair forming of rubbing with the hands; Described spreading for cooling is withered and is referred to: when gross fire is dried to water content 9%~12%, and at room temperature spreading for cooling 8 hours, the about 2cm~3cm of leaf-spreading thickness; Described foot dries and refers to: 80 ℃~100 ℃ of warm air drier temperature controls, are dried to foot dry.
Embodiment
Further illustrate by the following examples the present invention.
Comparative example 1
According to 0.8 meter of line-spacing, 1 meter of plantation great Bai tea tree of advance.Vacant lot area between great Bai tea tree is the common vegetation that nature exists, and adopts deep ploughing farming, application of organic fertilizers.And tea tree is carried out to routine and prune.Between tea tree, place solar energy expelling parasite plate, have light to attract insects at night, and expelling parasite.Adopt artificial weeding, the manual removal worm group pieces of an egg in April in annual November.The inner some placement mythimna separatas in field are pasted, periodic replacement.Suitably sparse branching, rationally plucks, and impels growth of tea plant stalwartness.By reasonable sparse branching, increase the ventilation function between the tea tree of tea place, increase the absorption of the natural rain and dew of the solar radiation blade face gross area, carry out effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.Picking period was to late October before the Ching Ming Festival.
Embodiment 1
According to the tea shoot tea kind of the great Bai tea tree of 0.8 meter of line-spacing, 1 meter of plantation individual plant of advance.
Litter and shelter from heat or light: field adopts lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed, Chinese milk vetch grass seeds to be laid between tea tree, and every height of approximately arranging every 10 meters of plantations (or culture transferring) is higher than the osmanthus fragrans of 1.5 meters, wherein every row is approximately every an osmanthus fragrans of 7 meters of plantations, grass seeds is mainly used in reducing insect pest, and playing the effect of green fertilizer, osmanthus fragrans act as and shelters from heat or light and unique air ambient is provided, in the tealeaves mature period, grass seeds and osmanthus fragrans make the fragrance of tealeaves, and quality is significantly improved.
Tea place farming: field, tea place adopts deep ploughing pattern, in conjunction with artificial fertile irrigation.
Tea bush trimmer: annual December, tea tree resting stage pruned to February, after surely cutting for three times, is used hedge to cut deeply and prunes, and cuts off left and right, 12 centimeters, tree crown top, guarantees branch quantity, guarantees to survive and tea quality.Pruning is for withered, sick bad tea tree branch, repaiies sanction to increasing most tea tree part, reduces moisture evaporation, and the strong tea tree root of training and tree bar portion, can increase the keeping of tea tree to tealeaves thatch head, improves tea leaf quality.
Between tea tree, place solar energy expelling parasite plate, have light to attract insects at night, and expelling parasite.Adopt artificial weeding, the manual removal worm group pieces of an egg in April in annual November, the normal beneficial careless reproduction procreation of periodic maintenance.The inner some placement mythimna separatas in field are pasted, periodic replacement.Suitably sparse branching, rationally plucks, and impels growth of tea plant stalwartness.By reasonable sparse branching, increase the ventilation function between the tea tree of tea place, increase the absorption of the natural rain and dew of the solar radiation blade face gross area, carry out effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.
Tea picking: the garden picking period be before the Ching Ming Festival to late October, under tea picking after be different from comparative example tealeaves: bud is thick, long, strong, although output is of fine quality slightly less, and it is shorter to follow similar tealeaves to compare the cycle, and the picking period can extend one month.Conventional tea tree picking surface is flat, and the present embodiment tea tree picking surface is umbrella or spherical shape.Picking method is hand getting method.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, just substitute osmanthus fragrans with camellia tree.
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, just substitute osmanthus fragrans with rose of Sharon tree.
Application Example 1
In March, the situation for comparative example 1 with embodiment 1-3, the tealeaves of simultaneously gathering.Processing method is as follows: take the fresh leaf of Fuding white tea simple bud as raw material, be 14 ℃ in indoor temperature, humidity is 90%, and leaf-spreading thickness is 0.5cm, and the spreading for cooling time is 8 hours, fresh leaf weight-loss ratio 20%; After spreading for cooling, complete fixing, roller fixation machine, 130 ℃ of the temperature that completes, 2 minutes time; Knead, knead once by hand heavier kneading 3 minutes; Just dry, warm air drier, 100 ℃, throw leaf amount 0.3kg for every pot, manual the kneading in baking limit, limit done shape; Rub milli with the hands, be just dried to water content 12.5%, the manual hair forming of rubbing with the hands; Spreading for cooling is withered, when gross fire is dried to water content 9%, and at room temperature spreading for cooling 8 hours, the about 2.5cm foot of leaf-spreading thickness dries, and 80 ℃ of warm air drier temperature controls, are dried to foot dry.
20 people that sample tea are divided into A and two evaluation groups of B, take the blind method of commenting to evaluate mouthfeel and the local flavor of the tealeaves finished product processed by the same way respectively by the tealeaves of gathering in comparative example 1 and embodiment 1-3.The mouthfeel and the local flavor that in A group, have 9 people to be chosen in tealeaves in the situation of embodiment 1 are good, and the mouthfeel and the local flavor that in B group, have 8 people to be chosen in tealeaves in the situation of embodiment 1 are good.The mouthfeel and the local flavor that in A group, have 8 people to be chosen in tealeaves in the situation of embodiment 2 are good, and the mouthfeel and the local flavor that in B group, have 8 people to be chosen in tealeaves in the situation of embodiment 2 are good.The mouthfeel and the local flavor that in A group, have 7 people to be chosen in tealeaves in the situation of embodiment 3 are good, and the mouthfeel and the local flavor that in B group, have 8 people to be chosen in tealeaves in the situation of embodiment 3 are good.It is good in A group, having mouthfeel and the local flavor of tealeaves in the situation that has 2 people be chosen in comparative example 1 in 1 people and B group.Evaluate tea products that personnel's evaluation is mainly to derive from embodiment 1-3 to find expression in flavour mellow, fragrant high highly seasoned for two groups.
Claims (10)
1. an implantation methods for large white tea tree, is characterized in that:
A, according to 0.6~1.0 meter of individual plant line-spacing, the individual plant tea seedling tea kind of 0.8~1.2 meter of advance plantation great Bai tea, preferentially selects the gradient at 35~60 °, preferably 40~50 °, more preferably from about ground, the gentle slope of 45 ° of left and right is as field, tea place;
B, between individual plant tea tree, mixed planting is selected from least two kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, preferably three kinds or four kinds;
C, tea place are with 6~14 meters of line spaces, and 6~8 meters of cover plantations of every row strain spacing or the whole row of culture transferring or osmanthus fragrans, tea tree or rose of Sharon tree in a row, preferably only interplant whole row or osmanthus fragrans in a row;
D, litter and shelter from heat or light;
E, tea place farming, the farming of preferably deep ploughing, and irrigate in conjunction with fertilizer;
F, tea bush trimmer.
2. basis the process of claim 1 wherein according to 0.7~0.9 meter of individual plant line-spacing, the individual plant tea seedling of 0.9~1.1 meter of plantation great Bai tea of advance.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, wherein mixed planting lavender and be selected from one or both or three kinds in Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch between tea tree.
According to claim 1 ?any one method in 3, wherein mixed planting lavender and be selected from two or three in Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch between tea tree.
5. according to any one method in claim 1-4, wherein totally four kinds of mixed planting lavender and Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetchs between tea tree.
6. according to any one method in claim 1-5, wherein tea place is with 6~14 meters of line spaces, and more preferably from about 10 meters, 6~8 meters of every row strain spacing, preferably approximately 7 meters of whole rows of interplanting or osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon tree in a row.
7. according to any one method in claim 1-6, wherein the whole row of plantation or osmanthus fragrans in a row are only overlapped in tea place.
8. according to any one method in claim 1-6, wherein the height of the osmanthus fragrans of plantation or culture transferring or rose of Sharon tree is from higher than 1.5 meters to 5 meters.
9. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-8, wherein, calculate by cultivated area, be selected from two kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the cultivated area of each is 30~70%, the vacant lot gross area based between tea tree; Be selected from three kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the cultivated area of each is 10~50%, the vacant lot gross area based between tea tree; Be selected from four kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the cultivated area of each is 10~40%, the vacant lot gross area based between tea tree.
10. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-8, wherein, pressing the quantity of the seed of planted grass seeds calculates, be selected from two kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the seed of each can be 30~70% (quantity) (preferably 40~60%), whole seed amounts of two kinds of seeds of the vacant lot upper seeding wheel based between tea tree; Be selected from three kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the seed of each can be 10~50% (quantity) (preferably 20~40%), whole seed amounts of three kinds of seeds of the vacant lot upper seeding wheel based between tea tree; Or be selected from four kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch in plantation, the seed of each can be 10~40% (quantity) (preferably 20~30%), whole seed amounts of four kinds of seeds of the vacant lot upper seeding wheel based between tea tree.
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