CN103843574B - The implantation methods of Fuding white tea - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of Fuding white tea, be characterised in that: A, according to individual plant line-spacing 0.6 ~ 1.0 meter, advance 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter plantation great Bai tea, the prioritizing selection gradient is at 35 ~ 60 °, preferably 40 ~ 50 °, more preferably from about the ground, gentle slope of about 45 ° is as field, tea place; B, between tea tree mixed planting to be selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch at least two or more; C, tea place interplanting osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon tree, preferred osmanthus fragrans, line space 6 ~ 14 meters, the strain spacing 6 ~ 8 meters of often going; D, litter and shelter from heat or light, reduce insect pest, play the effect of green fertilizer, the fragrance of tealeaves can also be improved, quality.E, tea place farming, farming of preferably deep ploughing, and irrigate in conjunction with fertilizer; F, tea bush trimmer.After the cultivation of individual plant tea seedling, grow into harvest time through 3-4, it is thick in bud, long, strong that the fresh tea leaf in its of gathering embodies feature.According to this implantation methods, the great Bai tea with bar rope tight knot, mellow, the fragrant high highly seasoned feature of flavour can be produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of Fuding white tea.
Background technology
Fuding white tea has another name called Fuding White Milli-Silver Needle Tea, originates in storefront town, Fuding City, Fujian Province, clone, belongs to dungarunga type, middle period class, early germ kind, suitable congou tea processed, white tea, and bar rope is tightly carefully in the least aobvious, green tea, white tea pekoe.Its No. 2, magnificent tea belongs to clone, dungarunga type, middle period class, early germ kind, suitable congou tea processed, white tea, and bar rope is tightly carefully in the least aobvious, thick flavor alcohol.Fuding white tea cultivation history is long, have improve immunity, dispelling fatigue, anti-oxidant, delay senility, effect of improve looks U.S. face, anti-inflammation, therefore extensively get consumer reception.
But, in order to improve the market competitiveness, demand is existed for the quality improving great Bai tea further.
The method of tea tree and other plants interplanting is disclosed in prior art.Tea tree and vine interplanting method is disclosed in CN103314744A (201310208572.4).CN103314830A (201310210369.0) discloses the interplanting method that tea tree and beech are set.CN103460929A (201310400632.2) discloses tea place tea tree and plants clover in the ranks and cut weeds and store fertile method.CN103493667A (201310468807.3) discloses pear tree and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on the demand, provides the implantation methods of a kind of Fuding white tea tea tree, according to this implantation methods, can produce the great Bai tea with bar rope tight knot, mellow, the fragrant high highly seasoned feature of flavour.
Implantation methods of the present invention is characterised in that:
A, according to individual plant line-spacing 0.6 ~ 1.0 meter, preferably 0.7 ~ 0.9 meter, advance 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter, the preferably individual plant tea seedling tea kind of 0.9 ~ 1.1 meter of plantation great Bai tea, the prioritizing selection gradient is at 35 ~ 60 °, and preferably 40 ~ 50 °, more preferably from about the ground, gentle slope of about 45 ° is as field, tea place;
B, between individual plant tea tree mixed planting to be selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch at least two or more, preferably three kinds or four kinds, more preferably lavender and be selected from Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch more than one;
C, tea place interplanting osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon tree, preferred osmanthus fragrans, with line space 6 ~ 14 meters, more preferably from about 10 meters, often row strain spacing 6 ~ 8 meters, preferably about 7 meters of whole rows of interplanting or osmanthus fragrans in a row, camellia or rose of Sharon tree;
D, litter and shelter from heat or light, reduce insect pest, play the effect of green fertilizer, the fragrance of tealeaves can also be improved, quality;
E, tea place farming, farming of preferably deep ploughing, and irrigate in conjunction with fertilizer;
F, tea bush trimmer.
For the tea place of gentle slope type, from high toward low direction, be called longitudinal direction, be roughly referred to as transverse direction along mutually level direction.
In southern china tea tree planting area (as Fujian Province, especially Fuding City), for the gentle slope as tea place, the gentle slope of all directions four direction can be selected, that is, Dong Po, Nan Po, Xi Po, north slope.Preferably, the Xi Po selecting the tailo towards south, the Dong Po towards east or be exposed to the west, or select the slope, the southeast of southeastern direction or the southwestern slope of southwestward.
" whole row " or " in a row " described here refers to one then one in one direction.In each row, every 2-4 rice (such as 2.5-3.4 rice, as 3 meters) plantation osmanthus fragrans, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree.Generally, the spacing between two the adjacent trees planted makes both branches after growth 2-3 adjacent to each other.That is, after growth 2-3, between the adjacent branches of every two trees, do not have spacing or have the spacing of less (such as 5cm-0.6m or 10cm-0.5m, as 20cm, 30cm, 40cm).
Littering shelters from heat or light refers to that field adopts the grass seeds such as lavender to be laid between tea tree, and every several meters of plantations osmanthus fragrans, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree, grass seeds Main Function is for reducing insect pest, and play the effect of green fertilizer, the Main Function that osmanthus fragrans, camellia and/or the rose of Sharon are set is for sheltering from heat or light and providing unique air ambient, in the tealeaves mature period, make the fragrance of tealeaves, quality is significantly improved.
The height of plantation or the osmanthus fragrans of culture transferring, camellia and/or rose of Sharon tree is generally from higher than 1.5 meters to 5 meters, such as 1.7 meters to 4.5 meters, preferably 1.8 meters to 4 meters, as 2.5 meters, and 3 meters, 3.5 meters.
The first situation, calculate by cultivated area, when planting two kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the cultivated area of each can be 30 ~ 70% (preferably 40 ~ 60%), based on the vacant lot gross area between tea tree.When planting three kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the cultivated area of each can be 10 ~ 50% (preferably 20 ~ 40%), based on the vacant lot gross area between tea tree.When planting four kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the cultivated area of each can be 10 ~ 40% (preferably 20 ~ 30%), based on the vacant lot gross area between tea tree.
The second situation, by plant the seed of the grass seeds of (or sowing) quantity calculate, when planting two kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each can be 30 ~ 70% (quantity) (preferably 40 ~ 60%), based on whole seed amounts of two kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed.When planting three kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each can be 10 ~ 50% (quantity) (preferably 20 ~ 40%), based on whole seed amounts of three kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed.When planting four kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each can be 10 ~ 40% (quantity) (preferably 20 ~ 30%), based on whole seed amounts of four kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed.
Generally, these different grass seeds can miscegenation at random, namely loose kind.Or be divided between zonule and plant.
Preferably, individual plant line-spacing is 0.8 meter, and advance is 1 meter, and tea place all adopts organic manure from the reclamation of wasteland to harvesting, fertile without any chemical combination.Take with only strain formula cultivation, compared with planting tea place with the bar of routine, the tea tree of only strain formula is cultivated, middle mixed planting lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, can be used for sheltering from heat or light and increasing floristics, can prevent, reduce diseases and pests of tea tree, again can as fertilizer after withered.According to the test of inventor, if be used alone the only one in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, then prevent, reduce the above-mentioned successful of diseases and pests of tea tree insufficient.In addition, osmanthus fragrans is used for sheltering from heat or light, and in the tealeaves mature period, makes the fragrance of tealeaves, quality is significantly improved.
Tea place cover plantation sweet osmanthus, camellia or shrub althea flower carpentery workshop are for sheltering from heat or light; adopt the tea tree planting mode of multi-dimensional model; multi-level greening; protecting ecology; prevent erosion; combine with two or more in mixed planting lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, make the tealeaves produced have bar rope tight knot, mellow, the fragrant high highly seasoned feature of flavour, significantly improve tea leaf quality.
The present inventor finds after the repeatedly practising of more than ten years, plant by several specific grass seeds is combined with osmanthus fragrans, camellia or rose of Sharon flowers and trees (rose of Sharon is set), especially, by lavender and other grass seeds be selected from Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch being carried out miscegenation and interplanting osmanthus trees, camellia or the rose of Sharon are set, thus provide unique growing environment for the tea tree in tea place, after the cultivation of individual plant tea seedling, grow into harvest time through 3-4, it is thick in bud, long, strong that the fresh tea leaf in its of gathering embodies feature.Although output slightly less but of fine quality, and it is shorter to compare the cycle with similar tealeaves, and the picking period can extend one month.Even if the tealeaves of gathering conventionally is processed into great Bai tea finished product, the latter but has than the better mouthfeel of common great Bai tea, local flavor, and especially flavour is mellow, fragrant high highly seasoned.And seem also to show, the material that the leaf that above-mentioned several grass seeds and osmanthus fragrans, camellia or the rose of Sharon are set and especially flowers discharge or aromatic substance seem also to have had influence on the local flavor of tealeaves.Illustrate that the fresh tea leaf in its grown has certain absorbing capacity.
The process technology of Fuding white tea is the technology of comparative maturity, see " Fuding white tea kind and process technology " (< Chinese tea >2008 11 phase, fault Yulin, Lin Daixing).In addition, such as, also can use following methods to process: (percentage composition is mass percentage); Pluck fresh leaf for raw material with Fuding white tea tea tree breed, raw material carried out spreading for cooling, completes, knead, just dry, rub milli with the hands, spreading for cooling finally carries out sufficient baking after withering.Wherein said spreading for cooling refers to, keep indoor temperature to be 14 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, humidity is 70% ~ 90%, and leaf-spreading thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm, and the spreading for cooling time is 4 hours ~ 8 hours, fresh leaf weight-loss ratio 15% ~ 25%.Described raw material carries out fresh leaf classification after plucking and refers to: choosing superfine or the fresh leaf of one-level are processed; Described completing refers to roller fixation machine, the temperature that completes 110 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C, 2 ~ 3 minutes time; Described kneading refers to: adopt manual heat to rub or kneading machine kneads 3 minutes ~ 5 minutes; Described first baking refers to: adopt warm air drier, just dries temperature and controls at 100 DEG C ~ 120 DEG C, throws leaf amount 0.3kg ~ 0.5kg for every pot, and manual the kneading in baking limit, limit does shape; Described stranding milli refers to: be dried to water content 10 ~ 15% originally, manual stranding hair forming; Described spreading for cooling is withered and is referred to: when gross fire is dried to water content 9% ~ 12%, at room temperature spreading for cooling 8 hours, and leaf-spreading thickness is about 2cm ~ 3cm; Described foot dries and refers to: warm air drier temperature controls 80 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C, is dried to foot dry.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention by the following examples.
Comparative example 1
According to line-spacing 0.8 meter, the large white tee tree of advance 1 meter plantation.Vacant lot area between large white tee tree is the common vegetation that nature exists, and adopts deep ploughing farming, application of organic fertilizers.And routine pruning is carried out to tea tree.Place solar energy expelling parasite plate between tea tree, have light to attract insects at night, and expelling parasite.Adopt artificial weeding, the manual removal worm group pieces of an egg in April in annual November.Inner some placement mythimna separatas are pasted in field, periodic replacement.Suitable sparse branching, rationally plucks, and impels growth of tea plant healthy and strong.By reasonable sparse branching, increase the ventilation function between the tea tree of tea place, increase the absorption of the natural rain and dew of the solar radiation blade face gross area, carry out effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.Picking period is that the Ching Ming Festival is front to late October.
Embodiment 1
According to the tea shoot tea kind of the large white tee tree of line-spacing 0.8 meter, advance 1 meter plantation individual plant.
Litter and shelter from heat or light: field adopts lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed, Chinese milk vetch grass seeds to be laid between tea tree, and the height often about arranged every 10 meters of plantations (or culture transferring) is higher than the osmanthus fragrans of 1.5 meters, wherein often arrange about every 7 meters of plantations osmanthus fragrans, grass seeds is mainly used in reducing insect pest, and playing the effect of green fertilizer, osmanthus fragrans act as and shelters from heat or light and provide unique air ambient, in the tealeaves mature period, grass seeds and osmanthus fragrans make the fragrance of tealeaves, and quality is significantly improved.
Tea place farming: field, tea place adopts deep ploughing pattern, in conjunction with artificial fertile irrigation.
Tea bush trimmer: annual December, tea tree resting stage pruned to February, after surely cutting for three times, uses hedge to cut and deeply prunes, cut off about 12 centimeters, tree crown top, ensure branch quantity, guarantee to survive and tea quality.Pruning is for withered, sick bad tea tree branch, and repair sanction to increasing most tea tree part, reduce moisture evaporation, the strong tea tree root of training and tree bar portion, can increase the keeping of tea tree to tealeaves thatch head, improve tea leaf quality.
Place solar energy expelling parasite plate between tea tree, have light to attract insects at night, and expelling parasite.Adopt artificial weeding, the manual removal worm group pieces of an egg in April in annual November, the normal beneficial careless reproduction procreation of periodic maintenance.Inner some placement mythimna separatas are pasted in field, periodic replacement.Suitable sparse branching, rationally plucks, and impels growth of tea plant healthy and strong.By reasonable sparse branching, increase the ventilation function between the tea tree of tea place, increase the absorption of the natural rain and dew of the solar radiation blade face gross area, carry out effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.
Tea picking: the garden picking period is that the Ching Ming Festival is front to late October, differently from comparative example tealeaves to be after under tea picking: bud is thick, long, strong, although output is of fine quality slightly less, and it is shorter to follow similar tealeaves to compare the cycle, and the picking period can extend one month.Conventional tea tree picking surface is flat, and the present embodiment tea tree picking surface is umbrella or spherical shape.Picking method is hand getting method.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, just substitute osmanthus fragrans by camellia tree.
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, just substitute osmanthus fragrans with rose of Sharon tree.
Application Example 1
In March, for the situation of comparative example 1 with embodiment 1-3, tealeaves of simultaneously gathering.Processing method is as follows: with the fresh leaf of Fuding white tea simple bud for raw material, is 14 DEG C in indoor temperature, and humidity is 90%, and leaf-spreading thickness is 0.5cm, and the spreading for cooling time is 8 hours, fresh leaf weight-loss ratio 20%; Carry out after spreading for cooling completing fixing, roller fixation machine, the temperature that completes 130 DEG C, 2 minutes time; Knead, knead once by hand and heavierly knead 3 minutes; First baking, warm air drier, throws leaf amount 0.3kg for every pot by 100 DEG C, and manual the kneading in baking limit, limit does shape; Rub milli with the hands, be just dried to water content 12.5%, manual stranding hair forming; Spreading for cooling is withered, and when gross fire is dried to water content 9%, at room temperature spreading for cooling 8 hours, leaf-spreading thickness is about 2.5cm foot and dries, and warm air drier temperature controls 80 DEG C, is dried to foot dry.
20 people that sample tea are divided into A and B two evaluation groups, take the blind method commented to evaluate by the mouthfeel of the tealeaves of gathering in comparative example 1 and embodiment 1-3 tealeaves finished product processed by the same way respectively and local flavor.There are 9 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves in the case of example 1 and local flavor to be excellent in A group, in B group, have 8 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves in the case of example 1 and local flavor to be excellent.There are 8 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves when embodiment 2 and local flavor to be excellent in A group, in B group, have 8 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves when embodiment 2 and local flavor to be excellent.There are 7 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves in the case of example 3 and local flavor to be excellent in A group, in B group, have 8 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves in the case of example 3 and local flavor to be excellent.Have in A group in 1 people and B group and have 2 people to select the mouthfeel of tealeaves in the case of comparative example 1 and local flavor to be excellent.Evaluate tea products that the evaluation of personnel is mainly to derive from embodiment 1-3 to find expression in flavour mellow, fragrant high highly seasoned for two groups.
Claims (8)
1. an implantation methods for large white tea tree, is characterized in that:
A, according to individual plant line-spacing 0.6 ~ 1.0 meter, the individual plant tea seedling tea kind of advance 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter plantation great Bai tea, selects the gradient on ground, the gentle slope of 35 ~ 60 ゜ as field, tea place;
B, between individual plant tea tree mixed planting be selected from least two kinds in lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch;
C, tea place with line space 6 ~ 14 meters, often row strain spacing 6 ~ 8 meters interplanting osmanthus fragrans of whole row, camellia or rose of Sharon tree;
D, litter and shelter from heat or light;
E, tea place deep ploughing farming, and irrigate in conjunction with fertilizer;
F, tea bush trimmer;
Wherein, calculate by cultivated area, when planting two kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the cultivated area of each is 30 ~ 70%, based on the vacant lot gross area between tea tree; When planting three kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the cultivated area of each is 10 ~ 50%, based on the vacant lot gross area between tea tree; When planting four kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the cultivated area of each is 10 ~ 40%, based on the vacant lot gross area between tea tree;
Or, the quantity of pressing the seed of planted grass seeds calculates, when planting two kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each is 30 ~ 70%, based on whole seed amounts of two kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed; When planting three kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each is 10 ~ 50%, based on whole seed amounts of three kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed; Or when planting four kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each is 10 ~ 40%, based on whole seed amounts of four kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein select the gradient 40 ~ 50 ° gentle slope ground as field, tea place.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein according to individual plant line-spacing 0.7 ~ 0.9 meter, the individual plant tea seedling of advance 0.9 ~ 1.1 meter plantation great Bai tea.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein mixed planting lavender and one or both or three kinds that are selected from Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch between tea tree.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein tea place is with line space 10 meters, often the osmanthus fragrans of row strain spacing 7 meters of whole rows of interplanting, camellia or rose of Sharon tree.
6., according to the method in claim 1-4 described in any one, wherein the osmanthus fragrans of whole row is only interplanted in tea place.
7., according to the method in claim 1-4 described in any one, the height of the osmanthus fragrans of wherein interplanting or rose of Sharon tree is from higher than 1.5 meters to 5 meters.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the quantity of pressing the seed of planted grass seeds calculates, when planting two kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each is 40 ~ 60%, based on whole seed amounts of two kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed; When planting three kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each is 20 ~ 40%, based on whole seed amounts of three kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed; Or when planting four kinds that are selected from lavender, Manila grass, cassia seed and Chinese milk vetch, the seed of each is 20 ~ 30%, based on whole seed amounts of four kinds of seeds that the vacant lot between tea tree is sowed.
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| CN104641883A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-27 | 丁洁 | Production method of pyramidalis gardening quadripod |
| CN104885844A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽省上行山茶叶有限公司 | Planting technology for interplanting of yellow tea and figs |
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Application publication date: 20140611 Assignee: Madame Bai (Fujian) Tea Industry Co.,Ltd. Assignor: FUDING TIANTIANPIN TEA Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980003373 Denomination of invention: The Planting Method of Fuding White Tea Granted publication date: 20160113 License type: Common License Record date: 20240407 |