CN106376341B - propagation method for tulip retrovarietal ball - Google Patents
propagation method for tulip retrovarietal ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN106376341B CN106376341B CN201610792644.8A CN201610792644A CN106376341B CN 106376341 B CN106376341 B CN 106376341B CN 201610792644 A CN201610792644 A CN 201610792644A CN 106376341 B CN106376341 B CN 106376341B
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- OXOKTPUZOHPXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);n-propyl-n-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide;dichloride Chemical class Cl[Mn]Cl.C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl.C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl.C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl.C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OXOKTPUZOHPXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A method for reproducing the post-flowering seed balls of tulip includes such steps as collecting the post-flowering balls without virus, disease and insect pests from flower market, embedding in matrix, removing the outer seed coats, loading in ventilation condition at 20 deg.C and 70% humidity for 2-3 months, taking the seed balls out of box when the seed coat corrosion reaches 60-70%, sieving out matrix, classifying the seed balls, loading in box, and storing in room for 10 months. The row spacing of the plants during sowing is 7 multiplied by 7 (cm), the planting density is 120000 grains per mu, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm. Immediately watering and fertilizing after planting. Covering with plastic before freezing, growing in spring after temperature rise, timely removing flower buds of plants to be bloomed, and beginning to ball up in late 6 months. The invention uses the domestic seedball by controlling various conditions such as illumination, temperature, humidity, fertilization and the like during breeding, thereby not only solving the problem of seedball source, but also solving the problems of after-ripening and dormancy stage of the seedball.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of propagation methods, in particular to a propagation method for tulip retrovarietal bulbs.
Background
The tulip origin is concentrated in the subtropical mediterranean climate area to the subtropical grassland desert climate area, and the climate is characterized in that the tulip is rainy in winter, moist and cool in spring and dry and hot in summer, and the tulip begins to wither and enter dormancy when the temperature reaches or exceeds 25 ℃. China belongs to a sub-temperate zone climate zone, and the climate is characterized by drought and rain in winter and spring and sweltering summer. Moreover, the tulip planted in the climate has short vegetative growth time and serious seedball degeneration because of long winter, short spring and early summer. To rejuvenate the tulip seed balls, the vegetative growth time of the tulip must be prolonged. The existing breeding method for tulip bulbs in China comprises bulb division breeding, seed breeding and tissue breeding, and the last two methods are long in time (5 years). High cost, and the method generally adopts a ball division propagation method except for cultivating new species and special detoxification application.
Tulip seed balls used in China still mainly depend on import, the domestic seed balls still cannot reach the international standard, and the number of the lost seed balls in the market is 2000 ten thousand every year. Relatively speaking, the imported seed balls are high in cost and limited in quantity, and when the tulip is bred in a large scale, the tulip is high in cost and cannot be sufficiently supported by the market. For this reason, some scholars have also recognized that the tulip seed ball breeding field should be selected to have a low temperature and humidity environment, but lack specific indexes of the field selection and still be in the groping stage. In addition, tulip bulb degeneration may be associated with disease. The tulip can be infected with invasive and non-invasive diseases in the cultivation process, such as rot, gray mold, virus diseases, and the like, especially the virus diseases, so that the quality and the yield of the tulip are reduced and the seed ball is degraded. The damaged plant seed ball is rapidly degraded, the bulb is reduced, the quality is reduced, and the flowering is delayed, which is one of the reasons of degradation, and the research on the tulip seed ball breeding technology and the treatment of the seed ball by the indoor normal-temperature medicament also have important significance on the domestic research of the tulip seed ball in China.
the invention patent with application number 200610096098.0 discloses a sunlight greenhouse breeding method of tulip seed balls, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (4) ball refrigeration: placing tulip seed balls with the circumference diameter of 6-10cm in a cold storage warehouse at 2-5 ℃ for cold storage in the middle ten days from the beginning of 7 months to 8 months, performing low-temperature vernalization, keeping the cold storage warehouse dry during cold storage, and ventilating regularly; (2) planting: directly planting the seed balls subjected to low-temperature vernalization in a sunlight greenhouse in 10 months for seed ball breeding; keeping the temperature of the greenhouse film in the middle ten days of 10 months, controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃, keeping sufficient illumination, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at night by adopting a straw mat; after the next year enters 4 months with higher temperature, a sunlight greenhouse sunshade net is adopted for covering and cooling; harvesting tulip seed balls in the middle ten days of the month 5. Although the ball reproduction period is shortened, the sunlight control is carried out through manual adjustment, and the cost is high.
The invention patent with the application number of CN200710129353.1 discloses a tulip seedball propagation method, which comprises the steps of selecting a low-temperature semi-arid environment for seedball propagation, and controlling the temperature of the tulip in the dormancy stage in the high-temperature period in summer at 16-18 ℃ for 71 days; in the stage of rooting and sprouting of medium-temperature bulbs of tulip in autumn, the temperature is controlled at 13 ℃ for 20 days, the temperature is gradually reduced to 4.6 ℃, and the bulbs begin to sprout; the temperature is gradually reduced to-6 ℃ in winter through the vernalization stage at 5 ℃, and the time is 90 days; in the overground growth and development stage of the medium-temperature tulip in spring, the melting temperature of the snow in early spring is gradually increased from-2 ℃ to 0-1 ℃, the seedling emergence is started, the temperature is gradually increased from 3.8 ℃ to 8.4 ℃, the seedling emergence and the leaf expansion enter the bud stage, the temperature is controlled at 10 ℃ to enter the flowering stage, and the temperature is gradually increased to 15.9 ℃ to enter the mature stage. However, the step has higher requirements on ecological conditions, is not easy to control, does not carry out grading treatment on the diameter of the seedballs, and the bred seedballs are not uniform, particularly when the step is used for cutting peanuts, the obtained flower diameters are different in size.
The invention with the application number of CN200910264894.4 discloses a rejuvenation breeding method of tulip seedballs, which comprises the steps of sorting the tulip seedballs after being flowering, removing the damaged and insect-damaged seedballs, and storing in a warehouse after being sterilized; deeply ploughing soil for breeding seed bulbs before sowing, fertilizing and making a furrow surface; sterilizing and airing the seed balls before sowing; when in sowing, the seed ball buds are upward, and the soil is watered thoroughly; covering with mulching film after the water content of soil reaches 70-80%; removing the mulching film after the sprouts of the seed balls come out of the soil and leaves of the sprouts are not developed; performing pest control after leaf spreading, knocking off buds when the buds start to be colored, and removing mixed plants; the seed balls were harvested before the lowest leaf began to yellow until all leaves were yellow. The method disclosed by the patent is too simple in process and large in uncertainty, and cannot be well controlled in practical production application.
when the tulip seedballs are bred, the breeding effect of the domestic seedballs is not ideal mainly on the premise of using the imported seedballs, so that the breeding method which uses the domestic tulip seedballs for breeding and can reach the international standard is provided, and the method has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a propagation method for tulip retrovarietal seedballs, which uses domestic seedballs by controlling various conditions such as illumination, temperature, humidity, fertilization and the like during propagation, solves the problem of seedball source, and also solves the problems of seedball after-ripening and dormancy stage.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a propagation method for tulip retrovarietal bulbs comprises the following propagation steps:
S1, obtaining and processing tulip seed balls, namely, in the market-selling season of the cut tulip flowers, recovering the flower seed balls obtained after the cut flower transaction from the flower market, removing the seed balls damaged or invaded by diseases and pests, removing outer seed coats by adopting a matrix embedding method, then placing for 2-3 months under the condition of room temperature ventilation after boxing treatment, taking the seed balls out of a box after the seed coats are corroded, drying in the shade, grading, boxing and storing at room temperature till 10 months;
S2, preparing soil and seed balls: 15-30 days before sowing, after soil preparation and deep ploughing, solarizing in the sun for a week, then sterilizing, fertilizing and making low ridges; soaking the seed balls in the solution before sowing, then soaking the seed balls in clear water, and airing the seed balls for later use;
S3: planting seed balls, namely planting the seed balls in 20 days after 10 months, scattering the balls on the bed surface, covering the seed balls with ridge back soil, planting the seed balls in low ridges and high ridges, and immediately watering the seed balls to permeate water after planting;
S4: overwintering on land: covering with mulching film before freezing, compacting with soil, and removing the mulching film before ball bud emergence before and after spring equinox;
s5: and (3) management in a growing period: the temperature in the growth period is-2-25 ℃, the soil humidity in the growth period is kept to be standard, namely, the soil below the seed balls grabbed by hands can be held into a mass and can be scattered once being hit; when the sprout grows out of the soil by 2-3cm, topdressing fertilizer; removing buds when the buds grow to be colored or are initially opened; and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are well done in the growing period;
s6: harvesting: harvesting seed balls before the lowest leaf of the tulip begins to be yellowed to all the leaves are yellowed;
S7: after harvesting, the seed balls are placed in the ventilation condition for drying in the shade, and are classified according to the circumferential diameter for cut flower production or seed ball rejuvenation; the seed ball for cut flower production is subjected to temperature change treatment.
in order to further improve the technical scheme, in step S1, the placing condition after boxing treatment is a ventilation condition of room temperature 20 ℃ and humidity 70%, the corrosion condition of the seed coat is observed when the seed coat is placed for 2-3 months, when the corrosion degree of the seed coat reaches 60-70%, the seed coat can be scattered by lightly pinching the seed coat with hands, the seed coat is taken out of a box, and a matrix is screened out or the seed coat is detected out; after seed coats are corroded, the seed balls are taken out of the box and dried in the shade and then classified, 2-grade seed balls with the diameter larger than 2.5 and 3-grade seed balls with the diameter smaller than 2.4 are used.
in order to further improve the technical scheme, the specific process steps of the matrix embedding method in the step S1 are as follows: a 1: completely immersing the seed balls into naphthylacetic acid disinfectant with the concentration of 150mg/L for treating 5 min, taking out, draining, and storing for 2-3 hours in shade for later use;
a2, diluting 500 times of polymethine mixture solution, 5000 times of agricultural streptomycin solution and 500 times of bacterial manure solution, and mixing to obtain mixed solution for later use;
a3, mixing perlite and turfy soil according to the volume of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
a 4: mixing the mixed solution obtained in the step a2 with the matrix obtained in the step a3, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution matrix, wherein the humidity is kept at 50% for later use;
a 5: and c, mixing the seed balls treated in the step a1 with the mixed liquid matrix of the step a4, enabling the matrix covered on the surface layer to be 5-7 cm, and then boxing for later use.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, in the soil treatment process of the step S2, 15-30 days before sowing, after soil preparation and deep ploughing, solarizing for one week under the sun, sterilizing the soil with Xin, ploughing deeply for 30cm, and applying 10 vertical/667 m of thoroughly decomposed cow dung220kg of slow-release urea, 30kg of long-acting potassium sulfate and 20kg of diammonium phosphate, and uniformly mixing to form a low furrow; the width of the ridge surface of the low ridge is 0.8m, the width of the ridge back of the low ridge is 0.45m, and the cake soil is prepared finely; in the seed ball treatment process of the step S2, soaking the seed ball for 30min by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, peroxometalaxyl 500 times liquid and streptomycin, then soaking for 10min by using clear water, and drying for later use.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, in the planting process of the seed balls in the step S3, the row spacing of the ball plants of the 2-grade seed balls is 7 multiplied by 7cm, and the planting density is 120000 balls/667 m2the row spacing of 3-grade spheroids is 5 multiplied by 5cm, and the planting density is 75000 spheroids/667 m2covering the ball with soil on the back of the ridge, covering 5cm with 2-grade seed balls and 3cm with 3-grade seed balls, planting in a low ridge and a high ridge, and watering thoroughly immediately after planting.
in order to further improve the technical scheme, in the growth period management process of the step S5, along with the air warming in spring, the ball buds naturally come out after soil thawing, the growth suitable temperature is preferably 15-20 ℃, and in the growth period, part of the tillering growth seed balls need to be removed in time; and the soil humidity in the growing period management process of the step S5 is below 60-70%, watering is carried out periodically for keeping the humidity, the watering time is in the morning of fine days, and the watering mode is micro-sprinkling irrigation.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, when the topdressing fertilizer in the growth period management process of the step S5 is 2-3cm of sprout emergence, the fertilizer is 1 kg of calcium nitrate/100 m2+ 0.2% of urea, preventing the fertilizer from directly contacting with the bulbs during fertilizing operation, and simultaneously avoiding the leaves from the fertilizer liquid; and in the growth period management process of the step S5, the light intensity is reduced by covering straws or interplanting the straws and crops.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, in the growth period management process of the step S5, when the flower buds grow to develop color or begin to bloom, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and 0.3 percent of urea and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate are applied to the roots for 2-3 times, and 1 time every 10 days.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, the harvesting process of the step S6 of the present invention is: when the tulip begins to turn yellow in the late 6 th month, the bulb is dug when the outer surface of the bulb turns to light yellow and has brown spots, and the watering is stopped 15-20 days before the bulb is dug.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, in the step S7, the seedballs with the circumference of more than 12cm are used for cut flower production, and the seedballs with the circumference of less than 12cm are used for seedball rejuvenation; the classified seed balls are dried in the air, soil blocks and residual roots are removed, the seed balls are soaked for 30min in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, phytophthora 500 times liquid and streptomycin within 2 days, the seed balls are dried in the air and then stored in a dry, ventilated and cool place, the storage suitable temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is 70%.
In order to further improve the technical scheme, the temperature change treatment process of the seed balls produced by the cut flowers in the step S7 comprises the following steps: treating at 23 deg.C for four weeks, treating at 17-18 deg.C for three weeks, cold treating at 5 deg.C for 9-12 weeks, growing in greenhouse for 45-60 days, and treating.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with seed breeding method and tissue breeding method, the present invention has greatly shortened seed ball breeding time, and one seed can breed 6 seed balls with relatively high breeding coefficient. The method only needs one year, while the other two methods need five years; the invention uses the variable temperature treatment process for cut flower production, wherein the variable temperature treatment parameters are key, the treatment time is short, the after-ripening effect is poor, the seed balls are not dormant at low temperature, and the flowers are irregular or do not bloom in the second year; the quality of the seed balls can be affected due to too long processing time, normal flowering can be realized only if the processing time is long, and the buds are in order to bloom.
The temperature-changing treatment process of the invention comprises treatment at 23 ℃ for four weeks, treatment at 17-18 ℃ for three weeks and treatment at 5 ℃ for 9-12 weeks, thereby solving the problem of after-ripening of the seed balls and the problem of low-temperature dormancy of the seed balls. The method for obtaining the tulip post-flowering seedballs adopts the domestic post-flowering seedballs obtained after cut flower transaction recovered from the flower market in the busy season of the cut flowers of the tulip, and has the advantages of sufficient sources and low price. The seed balls are purchased from the flower market, about 2000 thousands of fresh cut flowers are bought from the flower market every year, the seed balls are 2000 thousands of seeds, each seed ball is purchased at 0.10 yuan, and the seed balls are rich in source. Each seed ball breeds 6 seeds, the cost of each seed ball is only a few minutes, while the cost of each seed ball imported from Netherlands needs 0.20-0.40 yuan, especially 1-2 yuan, compared with the cost reduced by 10-20 times.
In addition, the breeding conditions in the whole process of the method are easy to control, the seedballs purchased from the market are kept under indoor ventilation conditions from purchase to sowing, and the conditions such as temperature and humidity are easy to artificially control compared with the conditions of planting in a field, so that the bred seedballs have higher stability. According to the practice, the degraded ball and the subsphere with the weight of 5-10g can culture a large ball with the weight of 15g of an individual under the treatment of the indoor normal-temperature medicament.
Detailed Description
The present invention is explained in detail by the following examples so that those skilled in the art can further understand the present invention without constituting a limitation to the right thereof, and the purpose of disclosing the present invention is intended to protect all technical modifications within the scope of the present invention.
Beginning at 19/3 of 2016, 200 boxes of domestic post-flower seedballs collected after the trade of cut flowers recovered from the flower market are removed, and the seedballs damaged or invaded by diseases and pests are divided into A, A1, A2, A3 and A4 five example comparison groups, wherein each group comprises 40 boxes, each box weighs 12.0 kg, and the number of the boxes is about 350.
Storage place: the east-Yuan science and technology West Wuguan tissue culture room hall.
temperature: and (5) normal temperature.
The method comprises the following steps of treating the bulbs of the group A1 without soaking, treating the bulbs of the group A2 with a prochloraz manganese salt solution, treating the bulbs of the group A3 with a carbendazim solution, treating the bulbs of the group A4 with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a bacterial manure solution, and breeding the four treated bulbs by a common tulip flowered bulb breeding method.
The tulip seed balls in the group A are bred by the breeding method, and the specific breeding process of the group A is as follows:
Completely soaking the tulip seed balls in the group A in naphthylacetic acid disinfectant with the concentration of 150mg/L for 5 minutes, taking out, draining, and storing for 2-3 hours in shade for later use; diluting 500 times of the polymethine mixture, 5000 times of the agricultural streptomycin and 500 times of the bacterial manure, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution for later use; mixing perlite and turfy soil in a volume of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix; mixing the mixed solution and the matrix, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution matrix, and keeping the humidity at 50% for later use; mixing the seed balls treated in the step a1 with the mixed liquid matrix of the step a4, enabling the matrix covered on the surface layer to be 5-7 cm, boxing, processing in a ventilation condition with the room temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 70%, observing the corrosion condition of seed coats when the seed coats are placed for 2-3 months, and screening the matrix or detecting the seed balls when the corrosion degree of the seed coats reaches 60-70% and the seed balls can be scattered by lightly kneading the seed balls with hands; after seed coats are corroded, the seed balls are taken out of the box and dried in the shade and then classified, 2-grade seed balls with the diameter larger than 2.5 and 3-grade seed balls with the diameter smaller than 2.4 are used.
30 days before sowing, soil preparation and deep turning are carried out, the soil is insolated for a week in the sun, the soil is disinfected by Xin, the deep turning is carried out for 30cm, and 10 stands/667 m of decomposed cow dung are applied220kg of slow-release urea, 30kg of long-acting potassium sulfate and 20kg of diammonium phosphate, and uniformly mixing to form a low furrow; the width of the ridge surface of the low ridge is 0.8m, the width of the ridge back of the low ridge is 0.45m, and the cake soil is prepared finely; soaking the seed balls in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, Phylloazone 500 times liquid and streptomycin for 30min, then soaking in clear water for 10min, and drying in the air for later use.
Planting in 10 months and 20 days, spreading balls on the bed surface, planting row spacing of 2-grade balls of 7 multiplied by 7cm, planting density of 120000 balls/667 m2The row spacing of 3-grade spheroids is 5 multiplied by 5cm, and the planting density is 75000 spheroids/667 m2Covering the ball with soil on the back of the ridge, covering 5cm with 2-grade seed balls and 3cm with 3-grade seed balls, planting in a low ridge and a high ridge, and watering thoroughly immediately after planting. Covering with mulching film before freezing, compacting with soil, and removing the mulching film before ball bud emergence before and after spring equinox;
The temperature in the growth period is-2-25 ℃, the soil humidity in the growth period is kept to be standard, namely, the soil below the seed balls grabbed by hands can be held into a mass and can be scattered once being hit; along with the air warming in spring, the ball buds naturally come out after the soil is unfrozen, the optimum growth temperature is preferably 15-20 ℃, and in the growth period, part of the tillering growing seed balls need to be removed in time; and the soil humidity in the growing period management process of the step S5 is below 60-70%, watering is carried out periodically for keeping the humidity, the watering time is in the morning of fine days, and the watering mode is micro-sprinkling irrigation. When the sprout grows to 2-3cm, 1 kg of calcium nitrate per 100m is applied2+ 0.2% urea fertilizer; when the bud grows to color or is at the beginningWhen the flower grows, the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, 0.3 percent of urea and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate are applied to the root for 2-3 times, 1 time every 10 days, and flower buds are removed; and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are well done in the growing period; harvesting seed balls before the lowest leaf of the tulip begins to be yellowed to all the leaves are yellowed;
After being harvested, the seed balls are placed in the shade to be dried under the ventilation condition and are classified according to the circumference, the seed balls with the circumference larger than 12cm are used for cut flower production, and the seed balls with the circumference smaller than 12cm are used for seed ball rejuvenation; the classified seed balls are dried in the air, soil blocks and residual roots are removed, the seed balls are soaked for 30min in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, phytophthora 500 times liquid and streptomycin within 2 days, the seed balls are dried in the air and then stored in a dry, ventilated and cool place, the storage suitable temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is 70%. The seedballs for cut flower production are treated at 23 ℃ for four weeks in the continuous maturation treatment stage, then treated at 17-18 ℃ for three weeks in the intermediate treatment stage, then treated at 5 ℃ for 9-12 weeks in the cold treatment stage, grown in a greenhouse for 45-60 days, and then used for cut flower production after treatment.
the comparative data of the experimental results show that the tulip bred by the group A has the heaviest single bulb weight, the best quality and the highest breeding coefficient, and the tulip breeding balls bred by other groups have quite poor effects due to the fact that the tulip breeding balls are made of domestic bulbs.
Claims (7)
1. A propagation method for tulip retrovarietal bulbs is characterized by comprising the following steps: the propagation steps are as follows:
S1, obtaining and processing tulip flowered seed balls, namely, in the busy season of the market of the tulip flowered flowers, recovering the flowered seed balls obtained after the cut flower transaction from the flower market, removing the seed balls damaged or invaded by diseases and pests, removing outer seed coats by adopting a matrix embedding method, placing the tulip flowered seeds in a box for 2 to 3 months under the condition of room temperature ventilation after the boxing treatment, taking the seed balls out of the box after the seed coats are corroded, drying the seed balls in the shade, grading, and then boxing the seed balls after grading and storing the seed balls in the box at room temperature until 10 months;
S2, preparing soil and seed balls: 15-30 days before sowing, after soil preparation and deep ploughing, solarizing in the sun for a week, then sterilizing, fertilizing and making low ridges; soaking the seed balls in the solution before sowing, then soaking the seed balls in clear water, and airing the seed balls for later use;
S3: planting seed balls, namely planting the seed balls in 20 days after 10 months, scattering the balls on the bed surface, covering the seed balls with ridge back soil, planting the seed balls in low ridges and high ridges, and immediately watering the seed balls to permeate water after planting;
s4: overwintering on land: covering with mulching film before freezing, compacting with soil, and removing the mulching film before ball bud emergence before and after spring equinox;
s5: and (3) management in a growing period: the temperature in the growth period is-2-25 ℃, the soil humidity in the growth period is kept to be standard, namely, the soil below the seed balls grabbed by hands can be held into a mass and can be scattered once being hit; when the sprout grows out of the soil by 2-3cm, topdressing fertilizer; removing buds when the buds grow to be colored or are initially opened; and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are well done in the growing period;
s6: harvesting: harvesting seed balls before the lowest leaf of the tulip begins to be yellowed to all the leaves are yellowed;
S7: after harvesting, the seed balls are placed in the ventilation condition for drying in the shade, and are classified according to the circumferential diameter for cut flower production or seed ball rejuvenation; carrying out temperature change treatment on the seed balls for cut flower production;
in step S1, the conditions of room temperature of 20 ℃ and ventilation with humidity of 70% are set after boxing treatment, the corrosion condition of the seed coat is observed when the seed coat is placed for 2-3 months, when the corrosion degree of the seed coat reaches 60-70%, the seed coat can be scattered by lightly pinching the seed coat with hands, and the seed coat is taken out of a box to screen out a matrix or detect the seed coat; after seed coats are corroded, the seed balls are taken out of a box, dried in the shade and classified, 2-grade seed balls with the diameter larger than 2.5 and 3-grade seed balls with the diameter smaller than 2.4 are obtained;
the specific process steps of the matrix embedding method described in step S1 are:
a 1: completely immersing the seed balls into naphthylacetic acid disinfectant with the concentration of 150mg/L for treating 5 min, taking out and airing, and storing for 2-3 hours under shade for later use;
a2: diluting 500 times of the polymethine mixture, 5000 times of the agricultural streptomycin and 500 times of the bacterial manure, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution for later use;
a3: mixing perlite and turfy soil in a volume of 1:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
a 4: mixing the mixed solution obtained in the step a2 with the matrix obtained in the step a3, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution matrix, wherein the humidity is kept at 50% for later use;
a 5: mixing the seed balls treated in the step a1 with the mixed liquid matrix in the step a4 to ensure that the matrix covered on the surface layer is 5-7 cm, and then boxing the mixture for later use;
In the soil treatment process of the step S2, 15-30 days before sowing, soil is subjected to soil preparation and deep ploughing, then is exposed for one week in the sun, the soil is disinfected by Xin, ploughed deeply for 30cm, and decomposed cow dung is applied for 10 standing/667 m220kg of slow-release urea, 30kg of long-acting potassium sulfate and 20kg of diammonium phosphate, and uniformly mixing to form a low furrow; the width of the ridge surface of the low ridge is 0.8m, the width of the ridge back of the low ridge is 0.45m, and the cake soil is prepared finely; in the seed ball treatment process of the step S2, soaking the seed ball for 30min by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, peroxometalaxyl 500 times liquid and streptomycin, then soaking for 10min by using clear water, and drying for later use.
2. the propagation method for the tulip bulb after blossom as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the process of planting the seed balls in the step S3, the row spacing of the ball plants of the 2-grade seed balls is 7 multiplied by 7cm, the planting density is 120000 balls/667 m2The row spacing of 3-grade spheroids is 5 multiplied by 5cm, and the planting density is 75000 spheroids/667 m2Covering the ball with soil on the back of the ridge, covering 5cm with 2-grade seed balls and 3cm with 3-grade seed balls, planting in a low ridge and a high ridge, and watering thoroughly immediately after planting.
3. the propagation method for the tulip bulb after blossom as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the growth period management process of the step S5, along with the air warming in spring, the ball buds naturally come out after the soil is unfrozen, the proper growth temperature is 15-20 ℃, and in the growth period, part of the tillering growing seed balls need to be removed in time; and the soil humidity in the growing period management process of the step S5 is below 60-70%, watering is carried out periodically for keeping the humidity, the watering time is in the morning of fine days, and the watering mode is micro-sprinkling irrigation.
4. the propagation method for the tulip bulb after blossom as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the topdressing fertilizer in the growth period management process of the step S5 is 2-3cm of new bud emergence, the fertilizer iscalcium nitrate 1 kg/100 m2+ 0.2% of urea, preventing the fertilizer from directly contacting with the bulbs during fertilizing operation, and simultaneously avoiding the leaves from the fertilizer liquid; in the growth period management process of the step S5, the light intensity is reduced by covering straws or interplanting the straws and crops; in the growth period management process of the step S5, when the flower buds grow to develop color or begin to bloom, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, and 0.3 percent of urea and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate are applied to the roots for 2 to 3 times, and 1 time every 10 days.
5. The propagation method for the tulip bulb after blossom as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the harvesting process of step S6 is: when the tulip begins to turn yellow in the late 6 th month, the bulb is dug when the outer surface of the bulb turns to light yellow and has brown spots, and the watering is stopped 15-20 days before the bulb is dug.
6. The propagation method for the tulip bulb after blossom as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S7, the seedballs with the circumference of more than 12cm are used for cut flower production, and the seedballs with the circumference of less than 12cm are used for seedball rejuvenation; the classified seed balls are dried in the air, soil blocks and residual roots are removed, the seed balls are soaked for 30min in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, phytophthora 500 times liquid and streptomycin within 2 days, the seed balls are dried in the air and then stored in a dry, ventilated and cool place, the storage suitable temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is 70%.
7. the propagation method for the tulip bulb after blossom as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature-changing treatment process of the seed balls produced by the cut flowers in the step S7 is as follows: treating at 23 deg.C for four weeks, treating at 17-18 deg.C for three weeks, cold treating at 5 deg.C for 9-12 weeks, growing in greenhouse for 45-60 days, and treating.
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| CN111480546A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-04 | 郭欢欢 | Method for cultivating tulip |
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