CN107646345B - Method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation - Google Patents

Method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation Download PDF

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CN107646345B
CN107646345B CN201711058044.XA CN201711058044A CN107646345B CN 107646345 B CN107646345 B CN 107646345B CN 201711058044 A CN201711058044 A CN 201711058044A CN 107646345 B CN107646345 B CN 107646345B
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tulip
months
seed balls
rice
balls
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CN107646345A (en
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陈利萍
魏欣杰
徐礼根
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation, which comprises the following steps: after the rice is harvested in 10-11 months, applying quicklime or lime nitrogen, decomposed organic fertilizer, broken rice straws and compound fertilizer, and then deeply ploughing and making ridges; sowing tulip seed balls in 11 months and 12 months; removing corolla and returning to field in the flowering period of 2-3 months; withering the overground part of tulip for 4-5 months, harvesting tulip seed balls, sequentially cleaning, sorting, grading, sterilizing, drying, sequentially performing flower bud differentiation on the tulip in a refrigeration house, and breaking dormancy at low temperature; and (5) harvesting tulip seed balls and then planting rice. The invention artificially changes the phenological period of the tulip to carry out paddy-upland rotation with rice, thereby achieving the purpose of domestic production of tulip seedballs. The method has the advantages of improving the quality and the yield of the seed balls, reducing the use of pesticides, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of tulip, improving the land utilization efficiency and protecting the environment.

Description

Method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tulip planting, in particular to a method for producing tulip seedballs through paddy-upland rotation.
Background
The natural annual growth cycle of the tulip in the Yangtze river basin is as follows: planting for 12 months, receiving low temperature for 12-2 months to break dormancy, flowering for 3-4 months, and withering for 4-5 months. The annual growth cycle after the dormancy is broken artificially through a cold storage is as follows: planting for 11-12 months, blooming for 2-3 months, and withering for 4-5 months. The key of the tulip bulb rejuvenation is to prolong the growth period after the flowers bloom. The tulip grows at a proper temperature of 15-18 ℃, has cold resistance, and can resist the low temperature of-10 ℃.
The tulip grows appropriately, the pH value is 6.0-7.8, and the soil of the rice field is slightly acidic; soil suitable for growth of tulip is sandy loam, and soil particles in a rice field are small and heavy. Therefore, the tulip should not be planted in the paddy field without improvement.
The common soil-borne diseases and insect pests of tulip are as follows: root maggot, gray mold, brown spot, blight, penicilliosis, root rot, soft rot, etc. The 11-3 months with lower temperature is the dormancy period of most pathogenic microorganisms and pests. The cultivation mode of paddy-upland rotation is a planting mode of alternately planting different crops in the same land according to seasons and sequences. During the growth of water crops, irrigation of soil can kill most pathogens and worm eggs in the soil.
The paddy field in the Yangtze river basin is always in an idle state after the rice is harvested in autumn and before the rice is transplanted in early summer, the land utilization rate is low, and the economic output is low; the harvested rice straws are generally burnt, so that the environment is extremely polluted, and the rice straws are rarely returned to the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing tulip seedballs through paddy-upland rotation, which enables tulips and rice to be subjected to the paddy-upland rotation by artificially changing the phenological period of the tulips, thereby achieving the purpose of domestic production of the tulip seedballs.
In order to realize the aim and other advantages of the invention, the method for producing the tulip seedballs by paddy-upland rotation is provided, wherein the tulip growing in winter and spring and the rice growing in summer and autumn are planted in rotation once every year, soil improvement is carried out before the tulip is planted, the later half life cycle of the tulip seedballs is carried out under indoor artificial climate conditions, and the phenological period of the rice is unchanged.
A method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation comprises the following steps:
step one, after rice is harvested in 10 months and 11 months, applying quicklime or/and lime nitrogen to the surface of a rice field to improve the pH value of soil, then applying decomposed organic fertilizer, broken rice straw and compound fertilizer, deep ploughing the soil, making furrows, and then standing for a period of time;
step two, sowing tulip seed balls in 11 months and 12 months;
step three, before and after blooming in the next 2 months and 3 months, the tulip removes the corolla and returns the corolla to the field during blooming;
step four, withering the upper part of the tulip in months 4 and 5, and harvesting tulip seed balls for the balls;
step five, after harvesting tulip seed balls, performing field preparation work, and then performing seedling raising, planting, managing and harvesting on rice;
and step six, cleaning, sorting, grading, disinfecting and drying the harvested tulip seed balls, then carrying out flower bud differentiation on the tulip seeds indoors, and breaking dormancy at low temperature.
The invention artificially changes the phenological period of the tulip to carry out paddy-upland rotation with rice, thereby achieving the purpose of domestic production of tulip seedballs. The method has the advantages of improving the quality and the yield of the seed balls, reducing the use of pesticides, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of tulip, improving the land utilization efficiency and protecting the environment.
The following are preferred technical schemes of the invention:
in the first step, the pH value of the improved soil is 6-7.8, the dosage of the quicklime is 25-55 kg/mu, and the dosage of the lime nitrogen is 30-60 kg/mu, so that the pH value of the improved soil is 6-7.8.
The application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 1000-2000 kg/mu, the application amount of the broken rice straws is 50-100 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu.
The depth of the deep ploughing is 30cm-40cm, and the tulip is laid for sowing at a proper date after ploughing. The standing time is 10 to 25 days.
In the second step, the tulip seed balls are 5-DEG C balls. And (3) performing disinfection treatment before sowing: peeling tulip seed balls and disinfecting the seed balls (by metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim or thiophanate methyl); when sowing, the planting depth is that the upper part of the tulip seed ball is covered with soil or straws of 7cm-15cm, and the planting density is 3-6 ten thousand grains/mu; and (5) irrigating thoroughly after sowing.
The sowing time is 11-12 months, and the temperature is 8-14 ℃ at day and night in a depth of 5cm below the ridge surface.
In the sixth step, the medicament used for disinfection is metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim or thiophanate methyl; the drying is air drying.
The temperature of flower bud differentiation is 17-25 ℃, ethylene removing agents (1-MCP, potassium permanganate and the like) are used in a matching mode, the time is 2.5-3.5 months (preferably 3 months), and the flower bud differentiation is generally carried out within 5-8 months. 1-MCP refers to 1-methylcyclopropene.
The temperature of the low-temperature dormancy breaking treatment is 2-5 ℃, ethylene removing agents (1-MCP, potassium permanganate and the like) are used in a matched mode, the time is 2.5-3.5 months (preferably 3 months), and generally 8-11 months.
The method for producing tulip seed balls by paddy-upland rotation is suitable for administrative areas such as Shanghai and Zhejiang, and is particularly suitable for cultivation in Hangzhou administrative areas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) a method for producing tulip seed balls by paddy-upland rotation can utilize the low-temperature resistance characteristic of tulip to sow in advance so that the tulip can bloom in 2-3 months, and the growth period after blooming can be prolonged so as to improve the quality and yield of the tulip seed balls.
2) The quick lime or lime nitrogen, decomposed organic fertilizer or broken rice straw and compound fertilizer play a role in improving the rice soil, so that the soil in the rice field is suitable for the growth of tulip.
3) The effects of killing and avoiding pathogenic microorganisms and pests are achieved through rotation of paddy and dry fields and out-of-season cultivation, so that the use of pesticides is reduced, and the occurrence of tulip diseases is reduced.
4) The tulip is planted in the paddy field which is idle in winter, so that the utilization efficiency of the land is improved, and better economic benefit is obtained; the previous rice straw is used as a soil conditioner and a tulip seed ball covering material, so that straw returning is realized, resources are fully utilized, and pollution is reduced.
5) The invention artificially changes the phenological period of the tulip to carry out paddy-upland rotation with rice, thereby achieving the purpose of domestic production of tulip seedballs. The method has the advantages of improving the quality and the yield of the seed balls, reducing the use of pesticides, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of tulip, improving the land utilization efficiency and protecting the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the natural phenological stage, the cultivation mode and phenological stage of tulip after artificial drying and the rotation system of tulip-rice.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto. Modifications and substitutions of the methods, procedures, and conditions of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the experimental procedures used in the examples are all conventional procedures and techniques well known to those skilled in the art, and reagents or materials are all commercially available.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a tulip cultivation method and a phenological period of natural and artificial drying of tulip and a tulip-rice rotation system, wherein the accurate cultivation and storage time of each crop depends on different varieties and different climatic conditions; the tulip in the natural phenological period (Hangzhou) shows that the bulbs degenerate when being harvested because of insufficient growth period after flowering, and the tulip flowers in 2-3 months after artificial drying, so that the growth period after flowering is prolonged. Meanwhile, the method is applied to paddy rice paddy field and dry paddy rice rotation, so that the occurrence of tulip diseases and insect pests is reduced.
A method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation, which takes Hangzhou administrative regions as an example, comprises the following steps:
(1) after 11 months of early rice harvest, uniformly applying lime nitrogen to the dry soil at a rate of 44 kg/mu, improving the pH of the soil to a pH value of 6.8-7.2, then applying 1000 kg/mu of rotten and cooked chicken manure, applying 50 kg/mu of broken rice straw and applying 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
(2) And (3) ploughing twice by using a rotary cultivator after fertilizing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-35 cm, making ridges, and standing for about 15 days.
(3) And (4) sowing can be carried out when the temperature is measured at the bottom of 11 months to the beginning of 12 months and 5cm below the surface of the ridge at 8-14 ℃ at day and night.
(4) Selecting tulip varieties to be produced, selecting balls at 5 ℃, peeling the seed balls, soaking the seed balls in 0.2% carbendazim solution for 20 minutes, sowing the seeds according to 6 ten thousand grains per mu, wherein the planting depth is 10cm below the surface of a furrow, and the upper part of the tulip varieties is covered with soil of 10cm-12 cm. And (5) irrigating thoroughly after sowing.
(5) Manually removing tulip flowers and returning the tulip flowers to the field after the tulip flowers bloom for one week in 2-3 months next year.
(6) Withering the overground part of the tulip for 4-5 months, and harvesting tulip seed balls in sunny days.
(7) After harvesting the tulip seedballs, cleaning the seedballs, sorting, classifying, soaking for 20 minutes by using a carbendazim solution with the mass percentage of 0.2%, air-drying the tulip seedballs in an indoor ventilation place, putting the tulip seedballs in a normal-temperature refrigerator to perform flower bud differentiation, setting the temperature of the refrigerator to be 23 ℃, and simultaneously using 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) in a matching manner for 3 months from the beginning of 5 months to the beginning of 8 months.
(8) Transferring to a low-temperature refrigerator after 3 months to break dormancy, setting the temperature of the low-temperature refrigerator at 5 ℃, and simultaneously using 1-MCP in a matching way for 3 months from the beginning of 8 months to 11 months from the beginning.
(9) After harvesting tulip seed balls, field preparation is carried out, and then rice is bred, planted, managed and harvested.
The invention artificially changes the phenological period of the tulip to carry out paddy-upland rotation with rice, thereby achieving the purpose of domestic production of tulip seedballs. The method has the advantages of improving the quality and the yield of the seed balls, reducing the use of pesticides, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of tulip, improving the land utilization efficiency and protecting the environment.

Claims (1)

1. A method for producing tulip seed balls through paddy-upland rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, after rice is harvested in 10 months and 11 months, applying quicklime or/and lime nitrogen to the surface of a rice field to improve the pH value of soil, then applying decomposed organic fertilizer, broken rice straw and compound fertilizer, deep ploughing the soil, making furrows, and standing for 10-25 days;
step two, sowing tulip seed balls in 11 months and 12 months;
step three, before and after blooming in the next 2 months and 3 months, the tulip removes the corolla and returns the corolla to the field during blooming;
step four, withering the upper part of the tulip in months 4 and 5, and harvesting tulip seed balls for the balls;
step five, after harvesting tulip seed balls, performing field preparation work, and then performing seedling raising, planting, managing and harvesting on rice;
step six, cleaning, sorting, grading, disinfecting and drying the harvested tulip seed balls, then carrying out flower bud differentiation on the tulip seeds indoors, and breaking dormancy treatment at low temperature;
in the first step, the pH value of the improved soil is 6-7.8, the dosage of the quicklime is 25-55 kg/mu, and the application dosage of the lime nitrogen is 30-60 kg/mu;
in the first step, the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 1000-2000 kg/mu, the application amount of the broken rice straws is 50-100 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu;
in the first step, the depth of the deep ploughing is 30-40 cm;
in the second step, the tulip seed balls are 5 ℃ balls;
and (3) performing disinfection treatment before sowing: peeling the tulip seed balls and sterilizing the seed balls;
when sowing, the planting depth is that the upper part of the tulip seed ball is covered with soil or straws of 7cm-15cm, and the planting density is 3-6 ten thousand grains/mu; after sowing, irrigating thoroughly;
in the second step, the sowing time is that the temperature is kept between 8 and 14 ℃ at the day and night in a depth of 5cm below the surface of the ridge;
in the sixth step, the medicament used for disinfection is metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim or thiophanate methyl;
the drying is air drying;
in the sixth step, the temperature of flower bud differentiation is 17-25 ℃, and a ethylene removing agent is used in a matching way, wherein the time is 2.5-3.5 months; the temperature of the low-temperature dormancy breaking treatment is 2-5 ℃, and a ethylene removing agent is used in a matching manner for 2.5-3.5 months;
in the sixth step, the ethylene removing agent is one or two of potassium permanganate and 1-methylcyclopropene.
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