CN106717721A

CN106717721A - A kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing

Info

Publication number: CN106717721A
Application number: CN201510812309.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高庆洋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-11-23
Filing date: 2015-11-23
Publication date: 2017-05-31

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, a kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing is disclosed.The method that white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing that the present invention is provided, by means such as water and fertilizer management, soil and Seed Treatments, realizes the purpose for improving white melon seeds yield and quality percentage.

Description

A kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, more particularly to a kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing.

Background technology

White melon seeds is the seed of cucurbitaceae vegetable crop pumpkin and cucurbita pepo, fries rear direct-edible, can also feed and be made multi-flavor melon, The big full, thin skin of the fragrant beautiful, grain of its taste is pure white, and oil content is high, is the famous local and special products in Huachi.Pumpkin seeds containing several mineral materials, Organic acid, vitamin and have the nutritional ingredients such as the cucurbitacin of protective effect on cancer risk, with grow hold beauty treatment, appetizing of promoting the production of body fluid, cough-relieving facilitaing lung, The effect for relaxing bowel, can treat brothers swell and ache, the illness such as pertussis, can also drive away the human body intestinal canals such as tapeworm, pinworm, hookworm Parasite, with edible and medical value very high.

White melon seeds wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, are afraid of rainy many flood environment, give birth to 25~32 DEG C of optimum temperature, germination temperature is 5~ 30 DEG C, less than 5 DEG C can not normally germinate, and the elongation of root system is 12 DEG C, and root hair occurs as 16 DEG C, and in dog days season, fertility is most contained, It is required that the temperature difference of long-day and appropriateness.White melon seeds is long in Qingyang City cultivation history, by long-term artificially breeding, and is planting Training technically forms " covering with ground sheeting, matrimony vine interplant white melon seeds, soybean and interplant white melon seeds, the white melon seeds of interplanting corn " isotype, Quality and yield is significantly improved.However, the Planting status of scattered cultivation mode and single varieties so that frost, disease pest Evil is serious, while quality product rate is low, the market price is relatively low, yield is unstable, due economic benefit is played far away.Therefore, Wang Zhengxu, Chen Hong《Modern agriculture science and technology》12nd phase in 2007 discloses《Qingyang City pumpkin seeds production status and development are right Plan》Report, disclose " scale development, purificate and rejuvenate with introduce a fine variety be combined, scientific management " conception, however, the report Road does not suggest that substantial technical scheme.Additionally, not yet retrieving other reports cultivated about white melon seeds at present.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to：The quality product rate that overcomes existing white melon seeds cultural method to exist is low, Dryland crops are big lacks Fall into, there is provided a kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing, by means such as water and fertilizer management, soil and Seed Treatments, realize Improve the purpose of white melon seeds yield and quality percentage.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：

A kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing, including step：1) selection of land and site preparation, 2) soil treatment, 3) Seed Treatment, 4) sow, 5) field management, 6) harvest, it is characterised in that：Described step 1) in selection of land and site preparation, before selection stubble be corn, Wheat or the hillside fields on the sunny side of beans, after preceding crop results, sprinkling are watered with liquid straw decomposing inoculant according to 1: 800~1000 Soil, then mu applies the 2500~3000kg of muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 25~30cm, is preserved soil moisture with rice straw mulching soil and survived the winter, secondary Rice straw, and 7~10 days prior to seeding are removed after the beginning of spring in year, mu applies 50~70kg of urea, 20~30kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Be watered spray soil with fenaminosulf simultaneously, then plough shallowly 10~15cm, ridging, leveling after rake is thin, accomplish soil it is in small, broken bits it is loose, Ridge face is smooth；Described step 2) soil treatment is to spread one layer of slag and fine sand mixture in ridge face, then be watered with fenaminosulf and spray Ridge face, then black plastic mulching ridge face.

Further, described to become thoroughly decomposed what muck was mixed into by chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure and humic acid, its proportioning is according to chicken manure: pig Excrement: sheep manure: humic acid is 1: 1: 1: 0.01.

Further, described fenaminosulf consumption is 200~240g/ mus, is watered ratio according to fenaminosulf: water is 1g: 1000~1200 Milliliter.

Further, described step 3) seed treatment is selection full seed, it is pure white, best in quality to plant shell not damaged, outward appearance Seed, after sonicated 5~10 minutes, is put into 50% carbendazim solution and soaks seed 10~15 minutes, immerse 0.01 after pulling out~ Processed 1~2 minute in 0.02% mercuric chloride solution, dried in the shade after finally pulling out to water content 12~20%.

Compared with existing white melon seeds cultural method, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：

1st, the present invention is watered sprinkling liquid straw decomposing inoculant, while after applying hot muck after preceding crop results to field Turn over, due to turning over after remain during the preceding crop stalk in field, root, stem and leaf place into the soil, quickly sent out in the presence of decomposing agent Ferment becomes thoroughly decomposed, and forms the stalk fertilizer with nutrient effect, increased soil fertility while when avoiding debris stalk from planting pumpkin seeds Influence, additionally due to apply hot muck, because these fertilizer produce heat so that low temperature keeps more common muck high, secondary After being broadcast under year white melon seeds seed can fast germination, emerge, accelerate germination simultaneously to improve emergence rate.

2nd, the present invention processes soil prior to seeding, eliminates soil pests and worm's ovum, reduces the incidence of disease of white melon seeds, improves product Yield and kind, solve the problems, such as that quality percentage present in existing white melon seeds implantation methods is low.

3rd, the present invention spreads slag and fine sand mixture after ridging to ridge face, and fine sand improves soil permeability rate and increases day and night temperature, For white melon seeds provides more preferably growing environment.

4th, the present invention is pre-processed to seed prior to seeding, accelerates germination and speed of emergence, while emergence rate is improved again, also The destruction to seed such as vole, insect can be prevented.

Specific embodiment

Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment, it is intended to help same domain technical staff to this The understanding of invention, does not limit interest field.

Embodiment 1

A kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing, comprises the following steps：

1) selection of land and site preparation

Selection before stubble for corn, wheat or beans on the sunny side hillside fields, preceding crop results after, with liquid straw decomposing inoculant according to 1: 800~1000 are watered sprinkling soil, then mu applies the 2500~3000kg of muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 25~30cm, uses rice straw Mulching soil soil moisture conservation is survived the winter, and removes rice straw, and 7~10 days prior to seeding after beginning of spring next year, mu apply 50~70kg of urea, 20~30kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, while be watered spray soil with fenaminosulf, then plough shallowly 10~15cm, ridging after rake is thin, whole It is flat, accomplish that soil loose, ridge face in small, broken bits is smooth.

2) soil treatment

One layer of slag and fine sand mixture are spread in ridge face, then is watered with fenaminosulf and is sprayed ridge face, then black plastic mulching ridge face, described enemy Gram loose consumption is 200~240g/ mus, is watered ratio according to fenaminosulf: water is 1g: 1000~1200 milliliters.

3) Seed Treatment

Pure white, the best in quality seed of selection full seed, kind shell not damaged, outward appearance, after sonicated 5~10 minutes, is put into Soaked seed 10~15 minutes in 50% carbendazim solution, immersed in 0.01~0.02% mercuric chloride solution after pulling out and processed 1~2 minute, Dried in the shade after finally pulling out to water content 12~20%.

4) sow

Sowing time is May first arrival mid-May, is sowed using seeder program request, 3~5cm of seed level, spacing in the rows 65~75cm, every mu 1~1.2kg of application rate.

5) field management

1. thinning, final singling：After emerging, the final singling when rough leaf decontrols in final singling preferably early unsuitable evening, retains growth strong during final singling Strong melon seedling, eliminates sick seedling, weak seedling and without growing point, cotyledon development be bad or seedling of yellowing leaf, and final singling method is to use hoe Shovel falls, and with hand from eradicating the seedling root system for retaining should not be caused to damage, and ventilated, influence strong sprout growth retains one per cave The seedling of stalwartness；

2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：White melon seeds disease has damping-off, droop, powdery mildew, when disease occurs with thiophanate methyl, many bacterium Spirit, with reference to Foliar Spraying is sprayed, foliar fertilizer is rolling into a ball phase, the phase of bearing fruit, a fruit expanding period from huge energy potassium, potassium dihydrogen etc. Or sprayed before rainy season set.

3. honeybee pollination, pumpkin seeds is entomophilous flower, it is necessary to insect pollinates, and at the white melon seeds florescence, is put in a suitable place to breed in 3 kilometers around it Honeybee is helping pollination, it is ensured that fruit-setting rate.

4. topdress：White melon seeds based on nitrogenous fertilizer, topdressed, and is especially spent by the method combined using liquid nitrogen fertilizer pouring root and foliar fertilizer composite fertilizer Phase because repeatedly imposing blade face nitrogenous fertilizer on a small quantity.

6) harvest

Water content in harvest, starts at the beginning of September, when there is many small wart like structures, is pinched with nail and is harvested when not entering melon skin；Melon is put after harvesting Melon 10 days or so is stranded on to airing field, de- seed is then carried out using pumpkin seeds seperator.

In the cultivation of embodiment 1, specific fertilizer application amount, pesticide volume and other numerical value are adjusted according to white melon seeds growing state, In the actual production of multiple cultivation, contrast finds：Chicken manure: pig manure: sheep manure: when humic acid proportioning is 1: 1: 1: 0.01, goes out Seedling rate is up to more than 98.5%, is the highest emergence rate in the present embodiment.Through statistics, white melon seeds is cultivated using the inventive method, Stable yield volume increase 5.8%, less than 0.6%, up to more than 39%, cultivation than existing methods has obvious quality percentage the incidence of disease Raising.

Claims

1. a kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing, including step：1) selection of land and site preparation, 2) soil treatment, 3) Seed Treatment, 4) sow, 5) field management, 6) harvest, it is characterised in that：Described step 1) in selection of land and site preparation, stubble is jade before selection The hillside fields on the sunny side of rice, wheat or beans, after preceding crop results, is watered with liquid straw decomposing inoculant according to 1: 800~1000 Sprinkling soil, then mu applies the 2500~3000kg of muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 25~30cm, is preserved soil moisture with rice straw mulching soil and survived the winter, Rice straw, and 7~10 days prior to seeding are removed after beginning of spring next year, mu applies 50~70kg of urea, 20~30kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Be watered spray soil with fenaminosulf simultaneously, then plough shallowly 10~15cm, ridging, leveling after rake is thin, accomplish soil it is in small, broken bits it is loose, Ridge face is smooth；Described step 2) soil treatment is to spread one layer of slag and fine sand mixture in ridge face, then it is watered spray with fenaminosulf Shi Long faces, then black plastic mulching ridge face.

2. the method that white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The described muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed It is mixed into by chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure and humic acid, its proportioning is according to chicken manure: pig manure: sheep manure: humic acid is 1: 1: 1: 0.01.

3. the method that white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described fenaminosulf is used It is 200~240g/ mus to measure, and is watered ratio according to fenaminosulf: water is 1g: 1000~1200 milliliters.