RU2344589C1 - Green manure cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method proposed consists in co-cultivation of two green manure crops. One of the above crops is buckwheat. Its vegetative mass that has been grown is buried in soil. Thus cultivated in, the buckwheat is used as forecrop with a second green manure crop sowing. The seeding is done with buckwheat drops. During the period between buckwheat harvesting and the second green manure crop sowing tilling is done no more than 15 cm deep. During the tillage the buckwheat drops become mixed with soil and uniformly distributed within the stratum to have been treated.

EFFECT: minimisation of expenditures related to green manure cultivation combined with increase of the soil nutrients content.

2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for growing green fertilizers from a mixture of annual crops on chernozem soils.

A known method of growing green fertilizers, including growing vegetable mass of buckwheat, crushing it and planting it in the soil (G.V. Kolsanov Buckwheat straw in fertilizing barley on a typical chernozem of the Volga forest-steppe. Agrochemistry. 2005, No. 5, p. 59-65). The disadvantage of this method is that it does not specify the composition of the cultures, as a result of which it is difficult to determine the optimal form and composition of siderates.

The closest in its technical essence is a method of growing green fertilizers, including the production of plant matter from a mixture of two sideral crops, one of which is buckwheat, its grinding and subsequent incorporation into the soil (AMPetrov, N.V. Bezler and others. Green fertilizers and productivity. Sugar beet. 2000, No. 7, p. 14-15).

The disadvantage of this method is that it provides for sowing a set of crops as green fertilizers. Due to the fact that the size of the seeds of this set is different and it is impossible to sow them in one pass of the sowing unit, additional costs are required, both for fuel and for the purchase of seeds.

The technical essence of this invention is to reduce the cost of growing green fertilizers while increasing the concentration of nutrients in the soil.

The present technical essence is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing green fertilizers, which includes obtaining the plant mass from a mixture of two sideral crops, buckwheat is used as one of them, its grinding and subsequent incorporation into the soil, the second sideral crop is sown using buckwheat as its predecessor, and the buckwheat of this crop is used as buckwheat seeds, while tillage between the harvesting of buckwheat and the sowing of the second green manure is carried out to a depth of not more than 15 cm.

The inventive step in this technical solution is achieved due to the fact that buckwheat straw is a good siderate in itself. Grain of buckwheat ripens unevenly (the ripening period is very long). While the lower grains are already ripe, the top of the stem is still blooming. It is almost impossible to remove it without loss, regardless of the method, so harvesting begins at the moment of ripening of the grains of the middle of the plant. At this time, part of the grains, the largest and the best, were already crumbling. These grains themselves are already sowing material and their germination depends only on the depth of plowing of the field (in fact, the depth of incorporation) on which buckwheat was cultivated as a crop. To grow a sideral mixture, which consists of two components, it is enough only to additionally sow one of the crops widely used as green fertilizer, for example, from non-photophilous crops such as spring rape, peas, etc.

The method is as follows. Buckwheat is harvested in the fall (in any way) as a precursor. Autumn plowing is carried out to a depth not exceeding 15 cm. Seeds of buckwheat carrion at the time of plowing are mixed with soil throughout the depth of the plowed horizon. In the spring, before the seedlings of the buckwheat fall, the second sidereal culture is sown. The seedlings of the buckwheat scavenger appear several days ahead of the seedlings of the second sideral culture and are uneven, which allows in the case of spring frosts, firstly, to exclude their freezing, and secondly, not to interfere with the shoots of the second sideral culture. Moreover, the seeding rate of the second sideral culture can be reduced to half, and in some cases even more than half. The seeds of buckwheat scavenger that have sprouted have biological ability for intensive growth, good foliage, which makes it possible to obscure the soil, and contribute to the conversion of insoluble phosphoric acid compounds into digestible ones.

Example 1. Sowing rapeseed on the precursor of buckwheat. The recommended sowing rate (12 kg / ha) was reduced by 3 times and amounted to 4 kg / ha. The grown plant mass had 36.2% of rapeseed plants, 41.3% of buckwheat, and the rest were weeds. Laboratory tests for the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil layer of 0-40 cm showed its presence in the fall in the amount of 0.72 mg / 100 g of soil, and in the spring of next year - 0.70 mg / 100 g. In the control, when used as green manure culture of one rape, with a seeding rate of 12 kg / ha, the presence of nitrate nitrogen was respectively 0.68 and 0.69 mg / 100 g of soil.

Example 2. As a sideral culture, sowing peas was carried out according to the precursor of buckwheat. The seeding rate of peas was set twice less than the recommended norm and it amounted to 75 kg per hectare. The grown plant mass had 26.7% of peas, 53% of buckwheat, the rest were weeds. Nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm layer after plowing was 0.68 mg / 100 g, and in the spring of next year 0.65 mg / 100 g. Soil samples were taken as a control from the odorized pea-oat mixture (pea sowing rate 150 kg / ha, oats 450 kg / ha). A month after plowing, nitrate nitrogen in a soil layer of 0-40 cm was 0.62 mg / 100 g of soil, and in the spring of 0.60 mg / 100 g of soil.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating green fertilizers, including growing a plant mass from a mixture of two sideral crops, buckwheat being used as one of them, and then planting the plant mass into the soil, characterized in that the second sideral crop is planted using buckwheat as the predecessor, and as seeds buckwheat, when growing plant mass from a mixture of two sideral cultures, use the scavenger of this crop, while in the period between harvesting buckwheat and sowing the second sideral culture, they are treated ochvy to a depth not exceeding 15 cm, with stirring windfall buckwheat soil throughout the depth of the plowed layer.