RU2370956C1 - Means for pre-sowing treatment of agricultural culture seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: means is represented in form of two separate water compositions containing in wt %: 1) copper (3.8±0.1), zinc (3.4±0.1), magnesium (1.45±0.1), nickel (0.017±0.002), lithium (0.06±0.008), cobalt (2.2±0.03), iron (0.52±0.01), manganese (0.32±0.01), general nitrogen (4.81±0.1), water 1l 2) potassium (3.7±0.5), phosphorus (5.26±0.5), chrome (0.12±0.015), molibdenum (0.66±0.002), boron (0.43±0.5), selenium (0.008±0.0001), vanadium (0.9±0.01) carbohydrates (5±0.5), amino acids (1±0,5), water 1 l.

EFFECT: invention ensures increase of seed germination efficiency, acceleration of plant growth.

3 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the production of nutritious mixtures for treating seeds of agricultural crops, and can be used when conducting pre-sowing agricultural activities. The basic trace elements of mineral nutrition that affect plant productivity are B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium that influence plant growth.

A large number of developed types of fertilizers indicate that in order to achieve the common goal of creating favorable conditions for plant growth at all stages of its development, it is necessary to selectively take into account many environmental factors due to the specific features of the area, climate, soil, variety and plant species.

The closest analogue is a drug to increase the yield of plants and protect them from diseases, including a solution of macro- and micronutrients, coniferous extract, chlorophyllocarotin paste, bacterial hydrolyzate Pseudomonas aureofaciens VKM B-1973D (RU 2147181, 10.04.2000). However, this drug contains components that are difficult to access and that affect the shelf life of this drug. Selectivity is achieved by dividing all funds, primarily in groups:

- funds introduced into the soil (fertilizers proper, replacing the missing elements of the organo-mineral soil composition);

- funds applied to the plant (nutrient mixtures for leaf processing and plant nutrition, affecting the parameters of photosynthesis, immunity, reproduction, etc.);

- funds applied to the seeds of plants (in the process of dressing, inlay, pan-coating, dusting, etc.).

The role of micronutrient compositions included in the composition of the means when applying them to seeds consists in optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants by stimulating metabolic processes in seedlings.

The role of macronutrients included in mixtures is to provide the plant in the initial stage of growth with essential elements - biophiles.

The composition and doses of micronutrients in other fertilizers are calculated on the basis of their content in the ground part of plants, which, in essence, is a subsidized approach to providing the biological object with the necessary nutrients. It is assumed that the plant must absorb the entire mass of the elements applied to the seeds.

However, scientific studies have established that the assimilation of exogenous substances, namely micro and macro elements introduced from outside, depends on the endogenous biochemical processes of the object, in this case in seeds and seedlings. Those. For a more complete assimilation of nutrient complexes, it is necessary, firstly, to activate the processes of their delivery (transportation) to a biological object, and secondly, to increase the susceptibility of the object to assimilation due to the activation of internal biochemical processes.

All of the above leads to insufficient efficiency of micro- and macro-element nutrition of seeds and seedlings, which, ultimately, affects the yield of crops.

The objective of the invention is to increase the yield of crops by increasing the efficiency of seed germination, accelerating plant growth, by activating the assimilation and use of minerals by grain, seedlings and soil.

The problem is solved in that the tool for presowing treatment of seeds, containing a composition of macrocells in the form of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and a composition of trace elements in the form of copper, zinc, boron, magnesium, iron, molybdenum, manganese, additionally contains a composition of trace elements in the form of cobalt, chromium, selenium, nickel, lithium, vanadium and water-soluble carbohydrates and amino acids in the following ingredients in two compositions (in wt.%):

- phosphorus (5.26 ± 0.5);

- nitrogen (4.81 ± 0.1);

- manganese (0.32 ± 0.01);

- potassium (3.7 ± 0.5);

- copper (3.8 ± 0.1);

- zinc (3.4 ± 0.1);

- boron (0.43 ± 0.05);

- magnesium (1.45 ± 0.1);

- iron (0.52 ± 0.01);

- molybdenum (0.66 ± 0.002);

- cobalt (2.2 ± 0.03);

- chrome (0.12 ± 0.015);

- selenium (0.008 ± 0.001);

- nickel (0.017 ± 0.002);

- lithium (0.06 ± 0.008);

- vanadium (0.9 ± 0.01);

- carbohydrates: malate and sucrose (5 ± 0.5);

- amino acids: alanine and series (1 ± 0.5).

The water in the solution contains 66.345 ± 0.5%.

The product has the form of two separate aqueous compounds, namely: copper, zinc, magnesium, nickel, lithium, cobalt, iron, manganese, nitrogen and chromium, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, selenium, phosphorus, carbohydrates and amino acids, which are mixed immediately before use .

The present invention has several advantages, because to solve this problem, the results of scientific studies of cationic anionic characteristics used in the composition of an aqueous solution of salts of chemical elements and minerals were used, as a result of which a new electrochemical principle of selection of ingredients was developed, which is a highly efficient chain for electron transport in seeds and seedlings.

The composition and amount of trace elements contained in the solutions are selected taking into account their electrochemical characteristics in the context of biochemical processes. The selection of ingredients and their doses were carried out taking into account the influence of various options on the growth rates of seedlings of various crops. The additional content of trace elements such as cobalt, chromium, selenium, nickel, lithium, vanadium, is necessary for the synthesis of enzymes, vitamins, hormones, active metal-containing proteins and other important components that activate internal biochemical processes and determine the biological productivity of plants.

In addition, they provide the biological object reproductive (tillering and field germination) - a protective complex (not susceptible to pathogens and reducing the influence of pests) of plants, which increases the susceptibility of the object to the absorption of nutrients.

An additional introduction of water-soluble carbohydrates and amino acids to the composition of the product is due to the fact that we experimentally established and practically confirmed the fact of compensating the energy costs of the growth and productivity of associative nitrogen fixers. These organic ingredients support the nitrogen cycle in the plant, enhance the nitrogen fixation process and are the building blocks of protein molecules.

Water-soluble carbohydrates and amino acids in the fertilizer are a nutrient substrate for soil organisms, in particular associative nitrogen fixers, the number of which is prone to significant fluctuations with changing environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, nutrition, etc.). Nutrition optimization has a positive effect on the resistance of these microorganisms to stress factors. It provides effective growth and development in their trophic niche and, as a result, the stability of enzymatic activity, which leads to inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms and the preservation of autotrophic nutrition. During the preparation of the working solution, the concentration of carbohydrates and amino acids in it decreases, and such a concentration is sufficient to maintain the stable existence of microorganisms of the rhizosphere before the isolation of metabolites by the roots of growing plants in sufficient quantities.

Water-soluble carbohydrates (namely, a combination of sucrose and manat) are easily digestible substances and manifest themselves as an energy substrate. Their effectiveness, to a large extent, increases due to the presence of nitrogen compounds in the working and soil solution. Thus, favorable conditions are created for associative nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of plants.

The content of amino acids in the fertilizer (alanine and series) justifies the specific ratio of non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers to the composition of the substrate used, due to excessive energy requirements - nitrogen of amino acids, as a substrate, enhances the fixation of atmospheric and soil nitrogen.

Also, these amino acids can act as ready-made metabolites for the construction of protein molecules of microorganisms and plants. Against the background of the nitrogen cycle proceeding in plants, amino acids act as a building material and participate in the transamination reaction, in which new amino acids are formed. Thus, the presence of water-soluble carbohydrates and amino acids in the composition plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle of the plant, acting as an antidepressant, a nutrient medium and the necessary energy substrate for non-symbiotic nitrogen fixators of the rhizosphere.

All of the above distinguishing features of the proposed means for presowing seed treatment are significant, as they provide increased crop yields.

A significant difference of the proposed tool is also its shape.

The tool before use is presented in the form of two separate aqueous formulations:

1) copper (3.8 ± 0.1), zinc (3.4 ± 0.1), magnesium (1.45 ± 0.1), nickel (0.017 ± 0.002), lithium (0.06 ± 0.008) , cobalt (2.2 ± 0.03), iron (0.52 ± 0.01), manganese (0.32 ± 0.01), total nitrogen (4.81 ± 0.1),

2) potassium (3.7 ± 0.5), chromium (0.12 ± 0.015), molybdenum (0.66 ± 0.002), boron (0.43 ± 0.05), vanadium (0.9 ± 0, 01), selenium (0.008 ± 0.001), phosphorus (5.26 ± 0.5), carbohydrates: malate and sucrose (5 ± 0.5), amino acids: alanine and series (1 ± 0.5).

The water in the solution contains 66.345 ± 0.5%.

Mixing the compositions immediately before use makes it possible to use the product in the developed composition without the danger of the precipitation of trace elements and the formation of complexes that are not absorbed by the plant. The industrial applicability of the product has been confirmed by conducting vegetative and field cultivation experiments with pre-sowing seed treatment and control of crop growth in six farms of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The results of the experiments are presented in tables.

1. The effect of presowing treatment of seeds of wheat "Moskovskaya 35" with a composition of trace elements with water-soluble carbohydrates and amino acids on the growth rates of 15-day-old seedlings in soil culture

The control Suggested remedy Plant height, cm 27.8 ± 0.2 40.8 ± 0.6 % To control 100.0% 146.8% The mass of plants is dry, g 0.52 ± 0.02 0.85 ± 0.06 % To control 100.0% 163.5% The total nitrogen of the sheet,% 1.11 ± 0.02 1.49 ± 0.04 % To control 100.0% 134.2%

2. The effect of presowing seed treatment on the indicators of the enzymatic activity of the soil in a 20-day experiment

The control Suggested remedy Catalase, cm ³ O ₂ per 1 g of soil in 1 min 2.8 ± 0.12 4,5 ± 1,3 % To control 100.0% 160.7% Urease, mg-N ₃ per 1 g of soil in 24 hours 0.314 ± 0.026 0.606 ± 0.051 % To control 100.0% 195.0% Proteases, mg-H ₃ per 1 g of soil in 24 hours 0.440 ± 0.032 0.789 ± 0.063 % To control 100.0% 134.2%

3. The effect of presowing treatment of seeds of Moskvich tomato cultivated on open ground

date of Experience: using the proposed tool Control: without using the product Plant height, mm Stem diameter, mm Plant height, mm Stem diameter, mm 08/02/2007 98.13 ± 5.65 4.98 ± 0.12 83.13 ± 5.0 4.3 ± 0.14 08/06/2007 103.75 ± 5.63 4.95 ± 0.13 90.63 ± 3.6 4.45 ± 0.16 08/10/2007 115.0 ± 6.57 5.09 ± 0.09 98.13 ± 5.93 4,5 ± 0,15 08/14/2007 125.0 ± 7.40 5.46 ± 0.14 110.0 ± 6.31 5.08 ± 0.18 08/18/2007 147.5 ± 6.42 5.93 ± 0.07 124.38 ± 7.67 5.61 ± 0.2 08/22/2007 171.25 ± 8.35 6.58 ± 0.16 153.13 ± 10.1 5.8 ± 0.16 08/26/2007 210.0 ± 9.85 7.04 ± 0.1 181.8 ± 12.13 6.23 ± 0.12 08/29/2007 251.2 ± 11.05 7.45 ± 0.2 215.5 ± 12.2 6.68 ± 0.18

4. The effect of presowing treatment of wheat and pea seeds on seed germination energy and plant growth rates

Culture Germination energy The mass of the aerial parts of 1 plant in g The mass of the roots of 1 plant in g The control Experience Experience +% to control The control Experience Experience ±% to control The control Experience Experience ±% to control Spring wheat 36 ± 2 71 ± 4 97 0.18 ± 0.02 0.37 ± 0.04 105 0.22 ± 0.03 0.54 ± 0.04 154 Peas 30 ± 1 63 ± 4 110 0.44 ± 0.04 0.96 ± 0.07 118 0.52 ± 0.05 1.44 ± 0.11 177

Thus, the use of the proposed means for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural plants and the solution of the problem is confirmed by the intensification of the process of seed germination, faster formation of root systems and increased productivity to 10-15 kg / ha, which is 3 times higher than the increase in yield when applied famous remedy.

Means for presowing seed treatment is used as follows:

1. A composition of 9 elements (in wt.%): Copper (3.8 ± 0.1), zinc (3.4 ± 0.1), magnesium (1.45 ± 0.1), nickel (0.017 ± 0.002), lithium (0.06 ± 0.008), cobalt (2.2 ± 0.03), iron (0.52 ± 0.01), manganese (0.32 ± 0.01), nitrogen (4.81 ± 0,1)

dissolved in 1 liter of water and stored until use in a separate container of chemically inert material (for example, glass, polyethylene).

2. A composition of 11 elements, including carbohydrates and amino acids (in wt.%): Potassium (3.7 ± 0.5), chromium (0.12 ± 0.015), molybdenum (0.66 ± 0.002), boron (0 , 43 ± 0.05), vanadium (0.9 ± 0.01), selenium (0.008 ± 0.001), phosphorus (5.26 ± 0.5), carbohydrates: malate and sucrose (5 ± 0.5), amino acids: alanine and series (1 ± 0.5),

dissolved in 1 liter of water and stored until use in a separate container of a chemically inert material (e.g. glass, polyethylene)

3. Before use, the solutions are mixed in equal proportions based on the calculation of the use of 2 liters per 1 ton of seeds.

4. The composition is applied through standard seed dressers.

The use of the proposed means for presowing seed treatment allows you to:

- provide plants with microelements for the entire vegetative period, macroelements for 10-15 days;

- create favorable rhizospheric microbiotic complexes, primarily nitrogen-fixing, due to their entry from the seeds into the root zone of all the necessary micro- and macrocells - biophiles;

- increase the yield of agricultural crops to 10-15 kg / ha, grain crops by 25-40%, fodder and industrial crops by 1.5-2 times.

Claims (3)

1. Means for presowing treatment of seeds containing a composition of macro- and microelements, characterized in that it is presented in the form of two separate aqueous compositions containing, wt.%:
1) copper (3.8 ± 0.1), zinc (3.4 ± 0.1), magnesium (1.45 ± 0.1), nickel (0.017 ± 0.002), lithium (0.06 ± 0.008), cobalt (2.2 ± 0.03), iron (0.52 ± 0.01), manganese (0.32 ± 0.01), total nitrogen (4.81 ± 0.1), water 1 l
2) potassium (3.7 ± 0.5), phosphorus (5.26 ± 0.5), chromium (0.12 ± 0.015), molybdenum (0.66 ± 0.002), boron (0.43 ± 0, 5), selenium (0.008 ± 0.0001), vanadium (0.9 ± 0.01) carbohydrates (5 ± 0.5), amino acids (1 ± 0.5), water 1 l. 2. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that malate and / or sucrose are used as carbohydrates. 3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that alanine and / or series are used as amino acids.