RU2511299C2 - Method of improvement of symbiotic activity of leguminose grasses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to soil microbiology. The method comprises inoculation of seeds with crushed roots of the same species and mixing them with mineral water. At that the seeds before sowing are treated with crushed roots of leguminose grasses after the resuming of vegetation of 2-3^rd year of life, wetting them with a mixture of dried after-distillery stillage and mineral water such as Tamisk in the ratio of 1:2. In the budding phase the feeding with dried stillage is carried out in the amount of 20-30 kg/ha, dissolved in water in an amount of 200-250 L/ha.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the symbiotic efficiency of nodule bacteria of leguminose grasses, to increase biological nitrogen content in soil and seed yield.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to soil microbiology, and may find application in the cultivation of legumes to increase the symbiotic activity of nodule bacteria.

There is a method in which biofertilizers of the type azotobacter (rhizotorofin) are used, to which micronutrients are added (Kozyrev A.Kh. “Scientific substantiation of the realization of the biological potential of alfalfa in the Central part of the North Caucasus”, abstract of a doctoral dissertation - Vladikavkaz, 2009, p.22-24 )

However, in the known method, in most cases, the biological product risotorofin loses its properties during storage, which reduces the effectiveness of the method.

A technical solution is known, in which, before sowing, seeds are inoculated with the crushed roots of the same types of legumes of the 2-3rd year of life when their vegetation resumes, wetting them with mineral water 1.5-2 l / ha and mixing with the seed (patent No. 2188531, published September 10, 2002, IPC С05F 11/08).

The disadvantage of the method selected as a prototype is that with this inoculation, the activity of nodule-fixing nitrogen bacteria to the budding phase (maximum plant development) is reduced.

EFFECT: increased symbiotic effectiveness of nodule bacteria of leguminous herbs.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that the seeds are processed before sowing with crushed roots of legumes after the resumption of vegetation of the 2nd to 3rd year of life, wetting them with a mixture of dried post-alcohol distillery stillage and mineral water of the Tamisk type in a ratio of 1: 2, and in the budding phase dressing with dried bard in an amount of 20-30 kg / ha, diluted in water in an amount of 200-250 l / ha.

The method is as follows. Before sowing the seeds of legumes (clover, alfalfa, sainfoin) are inoculated with ground roots in an amount of 5-8 pcs. plants of the same type of legumes per 1 ha, which are moistened with a mixture of dry alcohol stillage and mineral water in a ratio of 1: 2 per hectare seed rate.

Dry alcohol bard contains (%): protein - 37.2; fat - 5.1; fiber - 11.2; BEF -35.84; ash - 3.0 with the sum of amino acids 33.5. In the amino acid composition, the advantages are: glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and others.

Mineral water Tamisk contains sulfur in forms accessible to plants in the form of an anion SO ₄ . During the period of seed germination, sulfur is a part of organic compounds and contributes to a more intensive metabolism and a decrease in the incidence of plants. Sulfur is also a component of the most important biological compounds - coenzyme A and vitamins, which play an important role in respiration and lipid metabolism. Tamisk contains 140-650 mg / l of hydrogen sulfide in the natural water of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Mineral water also contains macro- and microelements (magnesium, iron, manganese, bromine, iodine, chlorine, calcium, etc.).

Under the action of a complex of macro and microelements, vitamins and enzymes contained in dried bard and mineral water, a positive effect is made on nodule bacteria that are activated on the roots of legumes.

Unlike well-known agricultural methods, when using liquid post-alcohol distillery vinasse, dry contains more trace elements, and most importantly acidity (pH) is not lower than 5 units, while in the liquid fraction this indicator drops to 3, which negatively affects the life of microorganisms, especially in acidic soil.

By the budding phase, when generative organs are formed and nodule bacteria are activated, leguminous plants need top dressing, especially if the grass is left on the seeds. Therefore, they are preparing top dressing of seed grass at the rate of 20-30 kg / ha of dried stillage, which is dissolved in ordinary water.

The justification of the selected parameters of the distillery vinasse is explained by its chemical composition and the need to provide plants with moisture while feeding them with nutrients contained in the dry vinasse.

Example 1. In spring, clover seeds were prepared for sowing. Seeding rate of 15 kg / ha. For seed treatment, the roots of the 2nd year of life were dug after spring regrowth in a 0-20 cm soil layer (where the maximum number of nodules is concentrated) and crushed. A solution was prepared of 100 g of dry vinasse and 200 g of Tamisk mineral water. The ground roots and the prepared solution were mixed with the hectare norm of the seeds. A mixture of seeds and growth stimulants, nitrogen-fixing bacteria was sown with the STZ-3.6 seeder. In the budding phase, a solution was prepared from 20 kg of dry alcohol distillery stillage and 200 l of ordinary water per hectare and the crops were sprayed.

Example 2. Alfalfa seeds 18 kg / ha before sowing were treated with crushed roots of plants of the same species of the 3rd year of life, preserved by spring, which were extracted from 0-20 cm of the soil layer. This mixture was wetted with a solution of Tamisk mineral water in an amount of 300 ml and 150 g of dry alcohol stillage. In the budding phase, the crops were sprayed with a mixture of dry stillage (30 kg / ha) and 250 l of water (normal).

Experience options are tabulated Experience Options The number of nodules on the 1st plant, pcs. Nitrogen content in soil kg / ha Seed yield kg / ha Prototype 91.6 189.0 - Inoculation of seeds with crushed roots moistened with Tamisk mineral water (control) 92.3 193.0 135 Inoculation of seeds with crushed roots moistened with a mixture of dry alcohol bard, diluted in Tamisk mineral water 96.4 206.0 148 Inoculation of seeds with crushed roots of the same types of herbs moistened with a mixture of Tamisk mineral water and liquid alcohol bard 90.2 182.0 115 Inoculation of seeds + feeding with a solution of dry stillage in water in an amount of 20 kg / ha per 200 liters of water 118.8 218.4 152 Inoculation of seeds + top dressing with a dry vinasse solution of 30 kg per 250 l of water per hectare 128.5 226.7 156 Inoculation of seeds + top-dressing of dry vinasse 40 kg per 300 l of water per hectare 107.4 212.6 148 Inoculation of seeds with crushed roots + dry vinasse + mineral water Tamisk in a ratio of 1: 2 + fertilizing with dry vinasse 20-30 kg / ha dissolved in 200-250 liters of water per hectare (proposed) 136 236.2 169

Therefore, using dry vinasse when preparing seeds for sowing and during the budding phase, it is possible to significantly increase the number of nodules in a plant, increase the amount of biological nitrogen per unit area to 230 kg / ha and seed yield to 169 kg per hectare, which is 34 more than the control variant kg / ha.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the symbiotic activity of legumes, including inoculating seeds with ground roots of the same species and mixing them with mineral water, characterized in that the seeds are treated with ground roots of legumes after sowing the vegetation of the 2nd to 3rd year of life, wetting them with a mixture of dried post-alcohol vinasse and mineral water of the Tamisk type in a ratio of 1: 2, and in the phase of budding, they feed the dried vinasse in an amount of 20-30 kg / ha, diluted in water in an amount of 200-250 l / ha.