RU2486734C1 - Method of growing oil flax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of growing oil flax consists in that before sowing the flax seeds are treated with microelements of natural origin. As a source of microelements and growth stimulators the Tambukan mud is used, which envelops the flax seeds in the ratio of 2:1. In the phase of "herring-bone" of the growing season the side-dressing is carried out with a mixture of waste Tambukan mud and molasses - the waste of sugar production in the ratio of 1:1 with the addition of a herbicide Centurion and a biological product Ambiol.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase yield of seeds by 30% and oil yield by 42,5% without additional costs for fertilisers and stimulators.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of oil flax.

There is a method where, when cultivating oilseed flax, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied (Kolomeichenko VV Plant Growing. A textbook for universities, Izvestiya Agrobusinesscentr. M., 2007, p. 311).

In the known method, the applied fertilizers are multi-cost, and the cost of the resulting oilseeds is high.

There is a method in which silicon dioxide is used as fertilizer, which is mixed with seeds during planting (patent No. 2055462 of 03/10/1996, IPC A01C 21/00).

However, the known method is also costly, since silicon dioxide is crushed, in addition, with high soil moisture, silicon-coated seeds lose a significant part of the fine powder. As a result, the efficiency of the method is reduced.

Closest to the proposed is a method in which the crops are treated with an aqueous solution of bischofite containing a complex of trace elements (patent 2134252, publ. 08/10/1999, IPC A01C 21/00, C05D 9/02, A01H 59/08 /).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that during the growing season, bischofite is used - a natural mineral whose place is located at a considerable distance, and its delivery to the place of cultivation of flax is costly. In addition, chemicals are needed to control weeds, which also increases costs, increasing the cost of production.

The technical result is a reduction in costs and an increase in the efficiency of the method.

The technical solution of the claimed object is achieved by the fact that the seeds of oil flax before sowing are enveloped with spent Tambukan mud in a ratio of 2: 1, and in the herringbone phase during the growing season they are fed with a mixture of spent Tambukan mud and molasses - sugar production waste in a ratio of 1: 1 s the addition of the herbicide Centurion and the biological product Ambiol.

The method is as follows.

The Tambukan therapeutic mud (Lake Tambukan is located in a hollow near the Pyatigorsk-Nalchik road) is used as a source of healing minerals, vitamins and various substances necessary for the restoration of living organisms. In particular, the composition of the mud includes blue-green algae, which possess up to 60% of amino acids and proteins, carotenes (beta-carotene in them is 25 times more than in carrots), B1 vitamins (contain more than raw beef liver). Tambukan algae is very rich in iron (50 times more than in the germ of wheat).

Algae are a rich source of natural antioxidants, including vitamins B1, B5 and B6, minerals Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, etc., as well as a high content of chlorophyll.

All substances contained in the blue-green algae of Tambukan mud are easily absorbed by living organisms, and when they get into the soil, they support and preserve the microflora of the soil, while cleaning it from radionuclides and heavy metals.

Lipids - the main components of Tambukan mud - contain fatty acids - 33%, phospholipids - 11.3%, sterols - 3.48%, sterol esters - 3.14%, glycerides 12.2%, pigments - 16.15%, sulfur-containing substances - 5.54%.

In addition to the above, the composition of the Tambukan mud includes humic acid (up to 5%), which is an important component when applied to the soil with seeds.

The mud used after treatment is stored as spent raw materials or discharged for regeneration into a reservoir (Lake Tambukan).

Studies confirm that after using therapeutic mud, the amount of iron sulfides is reduced by half, organic matter by 0.5 times. Mineralization drops from 72 to 43 g / l. The total number of anaerobic organisms is reduced from 105 to 102. Nitrifying bacteria, cellulose-decomposing aerobes and anaerobes, and other microorganisms involved in the decomposition of root residues are preserved.

Covering the used Tambukan mud before sowing provides seeds with moisture and nutrition, which reduces the dose of fertilizers. At a sowing rate of 50-60 kg of seeds per 1 hectare (depending on the variety), 100-120 kg / ha of used therapeutic mud is used.

Before sowing, the seeds are mixed with moistened dirt and after drying, the seeds are easily sown with a narrow-row linen seeder (SZL-3.6 brand) with 7.5 cm aisles. A higher amount of dirt forms large lumps when dried, which makes it difficult to uniformly sow the seeder. In the herringbone phase, when the height of flax plants is 5-15 cm, the crops are treated with a mixture of Tambucan mud (50 kg / ha), Centurion herbicide (0.2 l / ha) and Ambiol biological product (10 mg / ha). The mixture is dissolved in 300 liters of water (hectare norm). In contrast to the well-known adhesive of the herbicide Amigo, the proposed mixture uses molasses - sugar production waste (50 kg / ha).

Molasses (GOST 52304-2005) contains 9% nitrogen compounds, mainly amides, 58-60% carbohydrates, mainly sugar and 7-10% ash, calcium salts (Ca ₂ O - 1.5%). The reaction medium (pH) is 6.5-8.

In such a mixture, molasses is used not only as a binding ingredient, but also as a nutrient solution for plants and soil microflora, introduced dirt and Ambiol biological product.

Centurion herbicide and Ambiol biopreparation (OKP code 244690-1200) are used in doses recommended for use.

In such doses, the prepared mixture can not only destroy weeds, but also stimulate the growth and development of plants.

An increase in the amount of dirt complicates the operation of the boom sprayer.

Example: The soil was cultivated for sowing flax after the predecessor of perennial herbs (alfalfa). Mineral fertilizers were introduced under plowing at half the required rate (P ₃₀ K ₃₀ ). Due to the alfalfa precursor, nitrogen was not introduced, since this crop accumulates this type of fertilizer in sufficient quantity. Conducted pre-treatment and leveling of the site. For sowing, the VNIIMK 620 variety was used.

Seeds were prepared, for which 100 kg / ha of spent Tambukan mud was mixed with 50 kg / ha of seeds. After drying, the seeds were sown with the SZL-3.6 seeder. At a plant height of 7-10 cm (herringbone phase), a mixture was fed: 50 kg / ha of the used therapeutic mud of Lake Tambukan, 50 kg / ha of molasses - sugar production waste, 200 g / ha of Centurion herbicide and 10 mg / ha of Ambiol biological product . The mixture was dissolved in 300 liters of water. Crops were treated with an OPSh-15 boom sprayer.

The results of the experiments are summarized in the table, from which it follows that the proposed option provides a significant increase in the yield of seeds and oil of flax oilseed per unit area.

Table Experience Options Seed harvest, kg / ha Weight 1000 pcs. seed Oil content of seeds,% Oil collection, kg / ha Control (without treatment) of seeds and fertilizers 13.8 7.0 51.5 7.1 Presowing seed treatment with tambukan mud 14.5 7.2 51.7 7.5 Plant nutrition (without presowing seed treatment) 16,0 7.3 52.0 8.3 Fertilizing plants with tambucan mud 15.6 7.1 51.8 8.1 Plant nutrition with molasses 16,2 7.2 52.0 8.4 Plant Nutrition Ambiol 17.6 7.2 52.0 9.1 Herbicide Centurion Seed Treatment 16.5 7.1 51.6 8.5 Offered (seed treatment + dressing mixture) 18.8 8.2 53.5 10.1

Therefore, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with used therapeutic mud and top dressing with a mixture of utilized products (molasses and mud) mixed with a herbicide and biological product provide an increase in seed yield by 5 kg / ha compared to control, which is 30%, and oil collection by 42.5 % without additional costs for fertilizers and stimulants.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating oilseed flax, including pre-sowing seed treatment with microelements of natural origin, characterized in that the seeds are enveloped with used Tambucan mud in the ratio of 1: 2 before sowing, and in the herringbone phase, the growing season is fed with a mixture of used Tambucan mud and molasses - sugar production waste in the ratio 1: 1 with the addition of the herbicide Centurion and the biological product Ambiol.