EA014371B1 - Combined fertilizer for oil flax - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to manufacturing mineral fertilizers, in particular, to manufacturing of combined fertilizers at chemical plants for use in agriculture in growing oil flax. There provided different compositions of combined fertilizers with additions of microelements and biologically-active substances, their agrochemical effectiveness is described in field experiments with oil flax at different soils such as sod-podzol, loose-sandy-loam and underlying drift clay. Information is also provided of how the fertilizer influence upon flax crop yield and seed quality. It is established that the use of combined fertilizers with modified additives to oil flax results to increase flax seed productivity by 1.2-4.2 centner/hectare ((average for 2-year period) compared to the prototype.

Description

The invention relates to the production of mineral fertilizers, in particular to the production and use of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which can be obtained at chemical enterprises producing complex fertilizers and in agriculture when cultivating oil flax.

From the seeds of oily flax, you can get oil, both food and technical purposes. It is known that linseed oil (vegetable oil) is a valuable food product, which contains up to 20% linoleic and 60% linolenic essential fatty acids, there are no adverse compounds for the body, and protein is not inferior to soya in the presence and quality of amino acids. Oilseed flax seeds contain up to 52% oil. Flaxseed oil has no equal in cholesterol properties. Flaxseed cake contains up to 25% of digestible protein and up to 32% of nitrogen-free extractive substances [1, 2].

It is known that oil flax responds well to the introduction of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. To obtain the maximum yield of oilseed flax seeds in different years of moisture, doses of nitrogen, depending on the granulometric composition of soils and their availability of phosphorus and potassium, can be in the range from 15 to 120 kg / ha d. However, it is noted that at a dose of nitrogen fertilizer above Ν ₉₀ , the yield of seeds and straw does not increase, some lodging of the stems is observed [3, 4].

Oil flax, like flax flax, is one of the crops requiring balanced nutrition of macro- and microelements, which is explained by the relatively shallow location of the roots in the arable layer, poor ability to assimilate hard-to-reach compounds from the soil, and also by a relatively short period of time during which plants absorb the bulk of nutrients. Flax consumes nutrients throughout the growing season, but most intensively during flowering and the formation of reproductive organs. Fertilizers are one of the means of increasing the yield and quality of oil flax seeds.

The least studied issues in the scientific literature are the mineral nutrition of oil flax. However, from the available literature it is known that under flax oilseed fertilizers are applied taking into account the planned yield, the content of phosphorus and potassium available for plants in the arable horizon and the ratio of nutrients in the fertilizers can be in the range Ν: Ρ: Κ = 1: 0.8 -3.1: 1.0-3.0. Along with macronutrients, micronutrients are also required for the normal growth and development of oil flax plants. It is known that with a lack of zinc, boron and iron, flax is underdeveloped and stunted. Symptoms of the so-called calcium, carbonate or complex chlorosis occur. With an excess of calcium and a high pH, trace elements turn into forms insoluble for plants. Signs of micronutrient deficiencies are mottled, marginal, or total chlorosis, dying off of the growth point, the formation of a thick rosette, dying of buds, yellowing and dying of the tops of plants. Micronutrient supply is also affected by weather conditions, during drought their deficiency and the symptoms caused are intensified. Deficiency of zinc or boron is eliminated by spraying with appropriate soil preparations before sowing or sowing flax in the phase of active growth [5].

At present, under standard flaxseed oil, mostly simple standard tuki are used. The disadvantages of these fertilizers include the following: the use of simple forms of mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilizers leads to their uneven distribution over the field area and, as a result, to uneven growth of oil flax plants, and the economic costs of applying unilateral fertilizers compared with complex fertilizers significantly higher.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed solution are complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for long flax [6], containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, for example Ν: Ρ: Κ = 5: 16: 35 with V , Ζη, Pe (ratio Ν: Ρ: Κ = 1: 3.2: 7) and Ν: Ρ: Κ = 6: 21: 32 s V, Ζη, Pe (ratio Ν: Ρ: Κ = 1: 3, 5: 5.3). The use of these fertilizers for oil flax due to the wide ratio of phosphorus and potassium to nitrogen does not fully correspond to the growth and development of oil flax plants.

The objective of the present invention is to obtain a comprehensive nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a balanced ratio of macronutrients, as well as the inclusion of the necessary micronutrients, and, if necessary, plant growth regulators or biologically active substances and binders, which increase the yield and quality of oil flax seeds.

The problem is solved by the fact that a comprehensive nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for oilseed flax is proposed, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and modifying additives B, Ζη and Pe, characterized in that the ratio Ν: Ρ: Κ in the fertilizer is 1: 0, 65-1.2: 1.1-2.3 and additionally contains Cu, while it may contain modifying additives both in the form of sulfates and in the form of chelates and, if necessary, biologically active substances (hydrohumate or epin) and / or binders (sodium silicate or GRP).

Specific variants of the invention, including the known solution (prototype), are summarized in table. one.

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Table 1

Comparative data on the proposed fertilizers, base facility and prototype

Components Fertilizer Offered The content of components, wt.% (Dry matter) one eleven 111 IV V ^one 2 3 4 5 6 Complex nitrogen-phosphoric potassium fertilizer (mixture standard fertilizers) basic one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred Complex nitrogen-phosphorus potash fertilizer for flaxseed (prototype) ΝΡΚ “92.23-99.65% + modifying additive - (0.06.0% 8, 0.10-0.35% B, 0.15-0.45% Ζη, 0.1-0.5 % Re, BAS (biologically active substances) - 0.0-0.12%, binder -0.0-0.35% The inventive fertilizers for flax oilseed 1.1. Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer + modifying additive (chlorine-containing) 99.71 99.46 99.21 98.96 98.71 Boron 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Zinc 0.04 0.14 0.24 0.34 0.44 Iron (including chelated form) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 1.2. Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 4- modifying additive (chlorine-containing) 99.71 99.46 99.21 98.96 98.71 Boron 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Zinc (including chelated form) 0.04 0.14 0.24 0.34 0.44 Iron 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

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1.3. Integrated Nitrogen phosphorus-potassium fertilizer + modifying additive (chlorine-containing) 99.68 99.38 99.08 98.78 98.48 Boron 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Zinc (including chelated form) 0.04 0.14 0.24 0.34 0.44 Copper (including chelated form) 0,03 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.23 Iron 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 1.4. Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer + modifying additive (chlorine-containing) 99.64 99.27 98.93 98.59 98.24 Boron 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Zinc (including chelated form) 0.04 0.14 0.24 0.34 0.44 Iron (including chelated form) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Biologically active Substances - Hydrohumate 0.00 0.05 0,07 0.09 0.12 Binder (GRP) 0,07 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.35 1.5. Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer + modifying additive (chlorine-containing) 99.71 99.46 99.21 98.96 98.71 Boron 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 Zinc (including chelated form) 0.04 0.14 0.24 0.34 0.44 Iron (including chelated form) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Biologically active Substances - Epin 0.000001 0.000002 0.000004 0.000006 0.000008 1.6. Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer + modifying additive (chlorine-free) 99.78 99.48 99,2 98.9 0.40 98.6 ~ 0.50 Boron 0.10 0.20 0.30 Zinc (including chelated form) 0,03 0.12 0.19 0.28 0.37 Copper (including chelated form) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Iron (including chelated form) 0.04 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.28

The compositions of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for oil flax given by the authors provide for the mandatory presence of B, Ζη, Ee. If necessary, copper, biologically active additives (plant growth regulators - hydrohumate, epin) and a binder (in order to obtain slow-acting fertilizers) may be included in the composition of individual fertilizers. Trace elements and iron can be in the fertilizer both in the form of sulfates and in chelated form.

Agrochemical tests of the claimed fertilizers were carried out in field experiments (2006-2007) with flaxseed oilseeds of Solnechny variety on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil developing on loose sandy loam, lined with 0.5 m boggy loam in the experimental field of the Ural State Municipal Agrarian University (Zaritsa village) Grodno region of the Grodno region. The area of plots in the field experiments was 48 (2006) and 42 (2007) m ² , accounting - 35 and 30 m ² , repetition - 4-fold.

The research results show that the yield of oilseed flax seeds on soddy-podzolic loose loamy sand varied depending on the forms of complex fertilizers used and the year of research. The use of the inventive complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with modifying additives on oil flax increased the yield of flax seeds

- 3 014,371 oilseeds in 2006 by 1.9-5.0 kg / ha and in 2007 - by 2.9-10.0 kg / ha in comparison with the base case, respectively with the prototype - by 1.1 -3.1 and 0.9-7.1 kg / ha. The increase from new forms of complex fertilizers an average of two years compared with the prototype, depending on the form of fertilizer ranged from 1.2 to 4.2 kg / ha, table. 2.

table 2

The influence of the claimed forms of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potash fertilizers on the yield of flaxseed oil seeds of the Solnechny variety on sod-podzolic loose-loamy sand (UO GGAU), 2006-2007.

No. / p Options Oilseed flax seed productivity, kg / ha 2006 G. increase 2007 G. basic increase 2006-2007 (average) adding to the prototype basic proto type basic prototype one Control (no fertilizer 4.8 5,4 5.1 2 IzhRdkm (mix of standard fertilizers + foliar micronutrient top dressing * (basic) 7.4 6.5 7.0 3 19 "RyKad complex with B and Ζη and Ge (in the form of sulfates) (prototype) 9.3 1.9 9,4 2.9 9,4 4 Ν ^ Ρ ^ Κ ^ with В and Ζη and Ге (in chelated form) fertilizer according to paragraph 1.1. (Table 1) 10.9 3,5 1,6 10.3 3.8 0.9 10.6 1,2 5 with B, Ge and Ζη (in chelate form) fertilizer according to paragraph 1.2. (Table 1) 10,4 3.0 1,1 12.5 6 3,1 11.5 2.1 6 Ν _ω Ρ ₆₃ Κ _Μ οΒ, Ζη, Γβπ plant growth regulator "hydrotumate", fertilizer according to paragraph 1.4, (table 1) 10.7 3.3 1.4 12.0 5.5 2.6 11,4 2.0 7 ШРиКад с В, Ζη, Pe and plant growth regulator “epin”, fertilizer according to Claim 1.5, (table 1) 10.7 3.3 1.4 16.5 10 7.1 13.6 4.2 8 Ν "ιΡκΚί6 complex (chlorine-free) sB, Ζη, Si and Ge, fertilizer according to claim 1.6, (table 1) 12,4 5,0 3,1 12.8 6.3 3.4 12.6 3.2 NDS ₀₅ 0.92 - ί 1.05 - - 0.81

* 1st feeding - seedling phases - the beginning of the Christmas tree (boric acid - 0.9 kg / ha, zinc sulfate - 1.1 kg / ha);

2nd feeding - herringbone phase (copper sulfate - 0.2 kg / ha, manganese sulfate - 0.22 kg / ha).

Oilseed flaxseed oil is the basis for the production of edible vegetable oils, industrial oils and protein-rich feeds. In the conditions of 2006-2007. the fat content (oil content) in oilseed flax seeds in variants with fertilizers was in the close range from 48 to 51%, depending on the experimental options and the year of study. In the control variants without mineral fertilizers, oil content was only 40-42% (table. 2).

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Table 3

The influence of the claimed complex fertilizers on the fat content in the seeds of flaxseed oilseeds of Solnechny variety on sod-podzolic loose-loamy soil (UO GGAU), 2006-2007

Experience Options Fat content,% 2006 year 2007 year Average +, - To the base 1. Control (without fertilizer 40 42 41 2.Ν6οΡ63Κ <κ (a mixture of standard fertilizers + foliar micronutrients * * (basic) 48 49 48.5 Z. Yabor ^ Kzb complex B and Ζη and Pe (in the form of sulfates) (prototype) 48 51 49.5 4. NiRiK ^ sV and Ζη and Her (in chelated form) fertilizer according to p.1.1. (Table 1) fifty 51 50,5 1,0 5.Ν (οΡ «Κ96 s V, Rei Ζη (in chelate form) fertilizer according to Claim 1.2, (table 1) fifty 49 49.5 2.0 δ.ΝίοΡβΚ ^ s B, Ζη, Rei plant growth regulator “humate”, fertilizer according to 1.4, (table 1) 49 fifty 49.5 1,0 7. ΝήβΡί-.Κί ,,, with B, Ζη, Ge and the plant growth regulator “epin”, fertilizer according to claim 1.5, (table 1) 49 49 49 1,0 8. Ν ₆₀ Ρ ₃ 2Κ96 complex chlorine-free with B, Ζη, Cu and Ge, fertilizer according to clause 1.6, (table 1) 48 49 48.5 0.5 NDS _AND 1,02 1,08 - -

The quality of seeds primarily depends on the composition of fatty acids, the ratio between saturated, simple unsaturated and multiply unsaturated fatty acids.

The following quality indicators are important for the use of vegetable oils for food purposes [7]:

the oil content should be 42-52%;

protein content of 16-23%;

low content of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic 4-6% and stearic 2-5%;

adequate content of multiply unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic - 50-68% and linoleic - 11-19%);

the prevalence of simple unsaturated fatty acids (oleic - 15-25%).

The data given in table. 4, 5, indicate that the composition of important fatty acids in linseed oil for 2006 and 2007. corresponds to the quality indicators of oil flax seeds.

Table 4 The effect of the inventive complex fertilizers on the composition of important fatty acids in the seeds of flaxseed oilseeds of the Solnechny variety (2006),%

Option one Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8 Palmitic 8.86 7.98 6.71 7.45 6.29 7.69 8.42 7,054 Palmitoleic 0.018 0,03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0,07 0.012 stearic 3.18 3.11 2.92 2.77 2,52 2.68 3.52 2.66 oleic 16.8 17.0 19.9 18.3 19,2 17.8 16.6 17.5 linolenic 63.8 64.7 64.3 64.9 65,4 64.6 63,2 66.1 linoleic 7.24 6.85 6.52 6.37 6.3 7.12 7.13 6.51 peanut 0.017 0.02 0,048 0.02 0,036 0,00052 0.001 0.016 gondoin 0,037 0,07 0.22 0.14 0.22 0,057 0,064 0,084

Table 5 The effect of the claimed complex fertilizers on the composition of important fatty acids in the seeds of flaxseed oilseeds of the Solnechny variety (2007),%

Option one Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8 Palmitic 8.53 7.97 6.89 7.43 6.27 7.65 7.42 7,058 Palmitoleino Vaya 0.0158 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.019 stearic 3.19 3.16 2.82 2.75 2,51 2.62 2,52 2.68 oleic 16.7 16.9 19.3 18,4 19.1 17.5 17.6 17.5 linolenic 63.9 64.7 64.1 64.9 65.3 64,2 64,2 66,2 linoleic 7.26 6.88 6.42 6.38 6.31 7.19 7.23 6.58 peanut 0.019 0.01 0,038 0,03 0,032 0,00059 0,0007 0.019 gondoin 0,035 0.06 0.25 0.16 0.23 0,067 0,054 0.09

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The data presented indicate the promise of the proposed nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for oilseed flax, modified with the necessary trace elements, or trace elements together with plant growth regulators, or trace elements together with plant growth regulators and binders.

Introduction to the composition of complex fertilizers of these modifying additives in the claimed amounts allows to increase seed yield, oil yield with improved quality indicators of oil compared with the base case.

The proposed complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with modifying additives meet the criteria of novelty, consisting in the combination and quantitative content of modifying additives in the fertilizer.

The proposed complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with modifying additives meet the criterion of inventive step, they allow to obtain new fertilizers with a balanced ratio of nutrients for oilseed flax, with the addition of necessary trace elements, and, if necessary, biologically active substances and / or binders that positively affect productivity and quality of oilseeds.

The proposed complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with modifying additives meet the criterion of industrial applicability on the grounds that for the sowing of oilseed flax in 2008, an experimental batch of one of the brands of the proposed complex fertilizers was produced at the chemical enterprise of the Republic of Belarus LLC Grintur.

Literature

1. Belarusian agriculture. / Monthly Scientific and Practical Journal No. 11 (43) .- 2005.S. 32-35.

2. Materials of the newsletter of rural counseling centers 1ιΙΙρ: // \ ν \ ν \ ν.ΐΌ0.ηηον.Γΐ.ι /.

3. Burgonov EV Optimal doses of nitrogen and their effect on the yield of oil flax. - SRSTI: 683537.

4. Prudnikov V.A., Golub I.A. Oil flax productivity, depending on the rate of sowing seeds and doses of nitrogen fertilizer. / Earthwork ί ahova rasshl. - No. 5. - 2006. - S. 26-28.

5. Improving the fertilizer system as an element of varietal technology for the cultivation of oil flax. // N.M. Tishkov, A.S. Bushnev, I.I. Shulyak. / Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds. - 2002, issue 127.

6. Eurasian patent No. 007603, application No. 200400316, date of issue of the patent on December 29, 2006. Complex fertilizer for flax. / Pirogovskaya G.V., Rusalovich A.M., Soroko V.I., Bogdevich I.M., Anokhina T.A., Kozlova A.M., Artyushkevich I.P., Samsonov V.A., V .A., Sazonenko O.P., Shakovets O.E. An application was filed in January 2004, a positive decision to grant a Eurasian patent in 2006.

7. Shpaar D., Adam L., Ginapp X., Kratsh G., Lesovoy M., Makovsky N., Postnikov A., Samersov V., Shcherbakov V., Yaster K. Spring oilseeds. // Under the general ed. Corr. Academy of Agrarian Sciences of the Republic of Belarus V. A. Shcherbakov. - Minsk, FU Ainform, 1999 .-- 285 p.

Claims (3)

CLAIM 98.01 - 99.71 0.20-0.60 0.04- 0.44 0.05 - 0.25 0.03 - 0.23 0.00-0.12 0.00 - 0.35 1. Comprehensive nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and modifying additives B, Ζη and Her, characterized in that the ratio Ν: Ρ: Κ in the fertilizer is 1: 0.65-1.2: 1, 1-2,3 and additionally contains Cu, while it may contain modifying additives both in the form of sulfates and in the form of chelates and, if necessary, biologically active substances and / or binders in the following ratio of components, wt.%: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer ...... boron zinc (including the chelate form) iron (including the chelate form) copper (including the chelate form) biologically active substances binder 2. The complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer contains as a biologically active substance a hydrohumate or epin in an amount of 0.00-0.12 wt.%. 3. The complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer contains sodium silicate or GRP as a binder in an amount of 0.00-0.35 wt.%. Eurasian Patent Organization, EAPO Russia, 109012, Moscow, Maly Cherkassky per., 2