RU2603105C1 - Method of reducing morbidity of sunflower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to plant growing. Invention represents a method of reducing morbidity of sunflower involving the use of natural raw material sources, processing crops for the vegetation period twice, where seeds before sowing are incased with waste Tambukan mud in the amount of 150-200 kg/ha mixed with Albit biopreparation in the dose of 60-80 ml/ha, and at the stage of heads formation this mixture is dissolved in water at 200-250 l/ha and crops are processed.

EFFECT: invention allows to significantly reduce morbidity of plants, simplify the engineering solution owing to the use of wastes of Tambukan mud, increase the crop yield and the content of oil in the sunflower culture and additionally increase soil fertility.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in reducing the incidence of sunflower plants.

A known method is when salicylic acid is used to fight diseases (Journal of Agrochemistry, 2004, No. 4, pp. 17-21).

However, the known method is ineffective for sunflower, so the seeds are processed before sowing, and during the growing season the plants get sclerotinia, rust, dry rot of baskets and others.

There is also known a method in which against the background of organic fertilizer use the natural mineral bischofite and growth regulator (application for invention No. 2002123483, IPC 05D 5/00, published in 2004).

However, the known method cannot be widely used due to the absence of bischofite (the deposit is the Baltic countries), which complicates the method.

The closest technical solution is a method where boroplus growth regulator is additionally introduced to the natural bischofite mineral, dissolving it in an aqueous bischofite solution followed by treatment of crops twice during the growing season: in the phase of 3-5 pairs of real leaves and the phase of formation of sunflower baskets (patent No. 2433591, published November 20, 2011, IPC A01N 65/00).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this treatment does not completely reduce the incidence of sunflower, because by the time of processing the phase of 3-5 pairs of real leaves, the plants are infected with downy mildew (oversporosis) and scleratinosis, and during the growing season (before the baskets mature), the plants are affected by rust. In addition, the bischofite used is highly costly, as it is delivered from remote areas.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the method, reducing costs and morbidity of plants.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype method, the seeds before sowing are enveloped with waste from Tambukan mud in an amount of 150-200 kg / ha in a mixture with Albit biological product in a dose of 60-80 ml / ha, and the crops of the same are processed in the phase of basket formation a mixture dissolved in 200-250 liters of water per hectare.

The method is as follows. Tambukan therapeutic mud (Lake Tambukan is located in a hollow near the Pyatigorsk - Nalchik road) is used as a source of healing minerals, vitamins and various substances necessary for the restoration of living organisms. In particular, the composition of the mud includes blue-green algae, which possess up to 60% of amino acids and proteins, carotenes (beta-carotene in them is 25 times more than in carrots), vitamins B ₁ (contains more than in raw beef liver) . The algae of the Tambukan mud are very rich in iron (50 times more than in the germ of wheat). Algae are a rich source of natural antioxidants, including vitamins B ₁ , B ₅ and B ₆ , minerals Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, etc., as well as a high content of chlorophyll.

All substances contained in the blue-green algae of the Tambukan mud are easily absorbed by living organisms, and when they get into the soil, they support and preserve the microflora of the soil, while cleaning it from radionuclides and heavy metals.

Lipids, the main components of Tambukan mud, contain: fatty acids - 33%, phospholipids - 11.3%, sterols - 3.485, sterol esters - 3.14%, glycerides 12.2, pigments - 16.15%, contained substances - 5 , 54%.

In addition to the above, the Tambukan mud contains humic acid (up to 5%), which is an important component when applied to the soil with seeds.

The mud used after treatment is stored as spent raw materials or discharged for regeneration into a reservoir (Lake Tambukan).

Studies confirm that after using therapeutic mud, the amount of iron sulfides is reduced by half, organic matter by 0.5 times. Mineralization drops from 72 to 43 g / l. The total number of anaerobic organisms is reduced from 105 to 102. Nitrifying bacteria, cellulose-decomposing aerobes and anaerobes, and other microorganisms involved in the decomposition of root residues are preserved.

Wrapping treated with Tambukan mud before sowing provides seeds with moisture and nutrition, which reduces the dose of fertilizers. At a norm of sowing sunflower seeds of 15 kg / ha, 150-200 kg / ha of used therapeutic mud is used and mixing it with the Albit biological product ensures the protection of seeds from diseases and pests in the seed bed. A slightly increased dose of Albit (60-80 ml) per hectare does not harm the seeds, since a mixed biological product with Tambukan mud has a prolonging effect, that is, it provides gradual protection against pathogens.

Example 1. Before sowing sunflower varieties Donskoi 22, a mixture was prepared at the rate of 150 kg / ha of spent Tambukan mud and biological product Albit - 60 ml. The mixture was thoroughly mixed. Seeds were mixed in a canister with the prepared mixture and sown with a seeder. In the phase of the formation of baskets, Tambukan mud and Albit were dissolved in the same amount in water of 200 l / ha and treated crops.

Example 2. The method was carried out as in the first example, but in contrast to it, the amount of Tambukan mud was taken 200 kg / ha, and the biological product Albit 80 ml / ha and in the phase of formation of baskets the mixture was dissolved in 250 l of water and treated crops.

Therefore, using a local source of local significance Tambukan mud and the biological product Albit, it is possible to increase the yield and oil content of sunflower crops by reducing the incidence rate, while improving soil fertility by feeding it with Tambukan mud.

Claims (1)

A method of reducing the incidence of sunflower, including the use of natural sources of raw materials, treatment of crops during the growing season twice, characterized in that the seeds are enveloped with spent Tambucan mud in the amount of 150-200 kg / ha in a mixture with Albit biological product in a dose of 60-80 ml / ha before sowing, and in the phase of the formation of baskets this mixture is dissolved in water 200-250 l / ha and the crops are treated.