JP5811050B2 - Soil treatment agent - Google Patents

Soil treatment agent Download PDF

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JP5811050B2
JP5811050B2 JP2012144091A JP2012144091A JP5811050B2 JP 5811050 B2 JP5811050 B2 JP 5811050B2 JP 2012144091 A JP2012144091 A JP 2012144091A JP 2012144091 A JP2012144091 A JP 2012144091A JP 5811050 B2 JP5811050 B2 JP 5811050B2
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fertilizer
treatment agent
soil
dicyandiamide
soil treatment
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JP2014005187A (en
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木邑 敏章
敏章 木邑
高橋 理
理 高橋
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Description

本発明は、土壌処理剤及び該土壌処理剤と有機質肥料とを含む緩効性肥料に関する。   The present invention relates to a soil treatment agent and a slow-acting fertilizer containing the soil treatment agent and an organic fertilizer.

有機質肥料は、その肥料中のタンパク質が土壌微生物により分解されてアンモニアが生成し、生成したアンモニアがさらに土壌微生物により酸化されて硝酸が生成し、そのアンモニアや硝酸が植物の栄養分として吸収されることにより緩効性を示す肥料として、広く用いられている。この有機質肥料は、一般的に多量に施肥しても濃度障害や発芽障害を生じにくく、化成肥料と比べて農産物の品質が高くなるという利点を有する。   In organic fertilizer, the protein in the fertilizer is decomposed by soil microorganisms to produce ammonia, and the produced ammonia is further oxidized by soil microorganisms to produce nitric acid, and the ammonia and nitric acid are absorbed as plant nutrients. It is widely used as a fertilizer that exhibits a slow effect. This organic fertilizer generally has the advantage that even if it is fertilized in a large amount, it does not easily cause a concentration disorder or germination disorder, and the quality of agricultural products is higher than that of a chemical fertilizer.

従来、芝等のメンテナンス時や野菜栽培において追肥を行うことが煩雑であることから、緩効性の化成肥料がよく用いられてきた。しかし、上記のような利点を有する有機質肥料を持続的に無機化させるような物質・資材は見出されていなかった。   Conventionally, a slow-acting chemical fertilizer has been often used because it is cumbersome to perform additional fertilization during maintenance of turf and the like and in vegetable cultivation. However, no substance or material has been found that can continuously mineralize organic fertilizers having the above advantages.

特許文献1には、繊維形状をしたタンパク質分解物を含む有機質入りペースト状肥料にジシアンジアミドを添加した緩効性肥料が開示されている。この肥料を用いると、肥効緩効性が発揮されるため追肥を省略できることが記載されている。しかし、当該文献に記載されるペースト状肥料には、タンパク質源として脱脂大豆粉末が使用されるのみで、鶏糞等から作製されるような有機質肥料の緩効性が持続するかは不明である。   Patent Document 1 discloses a slow-acting fertilizer in which dicyandiamide is added to an organic paste-like fertilizer containing a fiber-shaped protein degradation product. It is described that when this fertilizer is used, additional fertilization can be omitted because the slow effect of fertilization is exhibited. However, in pasty fertilizers described in the document, only defatted soybean powder is used as a protein source, and it is unclear whether the slow-release effect of organic fertilizers such as those produced from chicken manure will be maintained.

特開平6−40791号公報JP-A-6-40791

本発明は、有機質肥料を持続的に無機化する土壌処理剤及び該土壌処理剤含む緩効性肥料を提供することを目的とする。   It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil treatment agent that continuously mineralizes organic fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer containing the soil treatment agent.

本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎もしくは葉又はそれらの処理物もしくは抽出物と、ジシアンジアミドとを含む土壌処理剤が、有機質肥料を持続的に無機化させることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。即ち、本発明は以下の発明を包含する。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that a soil treatment agent containing whole plant, foliage, stems or leaves of a willow tree, a processed product or an extract thereof, and dicyandiamide is an organic fertilizer. The present inventors have found that the mineralization is continued, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.

[1]ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎もしくは葉又はそれらの処理物もしくは抽出物と、ジシアンジアミドとを含む土壌処理剤。
[2][1]に記載の土壌処理剤と有機質肥料とを含む緩効性肥料。
[3]有機質肥料が、鶏糞又はペットフードもしくは食品残渣の麹菌発酵処理物である、[2]に記載の緩効性肥料。
[1] A soil treatment agent comprising snowy willow whole plants, foliage, stems or leaves, or a treated product or extract thereof, and dicyandiamide.
[2] A slow-acting fertilizer comprising the soil treatment agent according to [1] and an organic fertilizer.
[3] The slow-acting fertilizer according to [2], wherein the organic fertilizer is chicken manure or pet food or a food residue treated with koji mold.

本発明の土壌処理剤は、有機質肥料を持続的に無機化させることができ、また、最終的に植物に肥料成分として取り込まれることから安全性が高い。   The soil treatment agent of the present invention is capable of continuously mineralizing an organic fertilizer and is highly safe because it is finally taken into a plant as a fertilizer component.

ユキヤナギを用いた場合の、肥料中の酸素消費量を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a snow willow. ジシアンジアミドを用いた場合の、肥料中の酸素消費量を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a dicyandiamide. 柿渋を用いた場合の、肥料中の酸素消費量を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a persimmon. ニンニクを用いた場合の、肥料中の酸素消費量を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a garlic. イチョウを用いた場合の、肥料中の酸素消費量を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a ginkgo. 各供試物質によるプロテアーゼ活性減少率を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the protease activity decreasing rate by each test substance. 各配合肥料の無機化率を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the mineralization rate of each compounding fertilizer.

以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
[土壌処理剤]
本発明は、ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎もしくは葉又はそれらの処理物もしくは抽出物と、ジシアンジアミドとを含む土壌処理剤に関する。該土壌処理剤は、上記の通り、有機質肥料の緩効性を持続させることができる他、安全性が高い。また、アンモニアの発生を抑え悪臭物質を低減させることができると考えられる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[Soil treatment agent]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil treatment agent comprising whole snowy willow, stems and leaves, stems or leaves, or a processed product or extract thereof, and dicyandiamide. As described above, the soil treatment agent can maintain the slow effect of the organic fertilizer and has high safety. Moreover, it is thought that the generation | occurrence | production of ammonia can be suppressed and a malodorous substance can be reduced.

本発明において、ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉は、採取してからそのまま使用してもよいし、それらの処理物又は抽出物として使用してもよい。ここで、全草とは地上部と地下部(根)を合わせた全ての植物体をいい、茎葉とは地上茎及び葉部を合わせた部分をいう。用いるユキヤナギを採取する季節や産地は限定されず、冬季のものや若葉も使用できる。好ましくは、ユキヤナギの葉の処理物又は抽出物が用いられる。   In the present invention, the whole plant, foliage, stem or leaf of snow willow may be used as it is after being collected, or may be used as a processed product or an extract thereof. Here, the whole grass refers to all plants that combine the above-ground part and the underground part (root), and the foliage refers to the part that combines the above-ground stem and leaf part. The season and place of production for the snow willow are not limited, and winter and young leaves can also be used. Preferably, processed leaves or extracts of snow willow leaves are used.

「ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉の処理物」は、ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉を物理学的、化学的又は生物学的に処理して得られるものであれば特に制限されない。例えば、物理学的処理方法としては、天日乾燥、乾燥炉による乾燥、風乾、凍結乾燥等の乾燥処理、ブレンダー、ホモジュナイザー、ボールミル等による粉砕処理等が挙げられ、物理学的処理物としては、乾燥処理物、凍結乾燥処理物、粉砕処理物等が挙げられる。本発明では、ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉の粉末が好ましく、より高い効果が発揮される。化学的処理方法としては、例えば、プロテアーゼ、糖化酵素等の酵素処理等が挙げられ、化学的処理物としては、酵素処理物等が挙げられる。生物学的処理方法としては、例えば、発酵方法等が挙げられ、生物学的処理物としては発酵処理物が挙げられる。   “Processed products of whole willow, foliage, stems or leaves of snow willow” are particularly limited as long as they are obtained by physically, chemically or biologically treating the whole plant, foliage, stems or leaves of snow willow. Not. For example, the physical treatment method includes sun drying, drying in a drying oven, air drying, freeze drying, etc., pulverization using a blender, a homogenizer, a ball mill, etc. Examples thereof include dried products, freeze-dried products, and pulverized products. In the present invention, a powder of whole willow, stem and leaf, stem and leaf of snow willow is preferable, and a higher effect is exhibited. Examples of the chemical treatment method include enzyme treatment such as protease and saccharifying enzyme, and examples of the chemical treatment product include an enzyme treatment product. Examples of the biological treatment method include a fermentation method, and examples of the biological treatment product include a fermentation treatment product.

「ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉の抽出物」は、ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉あるいは前記処理物から、公知の抽出方法により得られる抽出物である。抽出方法としては、例えば、各種溶媒抽出、超臨界流体抽出等が挙げられる。   The “extract of snow willow whole plant, foliage, stem or leaf” is an extract obtained from a whole plant of snow willow, stem foliage, stem or leaf or the processed product by a known extraction method. Examples of extraction methods include various solvent extractions and supercritical fluid extractions.

抽出溶媒としては、水;アルコール類、例えばメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール;エステル類、例えば酢酸エチル等の酢酸エステル;エーテル類、例えばエチルエーテル、ジオキサン;ケトン類、例えばアセトン等が挙げられる。抽出に際して、乾燥後に破砕又は粉砕して溶媒との接触を高めることもできる。   Examples of the extraction solvent include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol; esters such as acetate such as ethyl acetate; ethers such as ethyl ether and dioxane; ketones such as acetone and the like. In the extraction, the contact with the solvent can be enhanced by crushing or grinding after drying.

抽出に使用する機器としては、特に制限は無いが、効率よく抽出するために工夫された容器、攪拌機、還流冷却器、ソックスレー抽出機、ホモジナイザー、振とう機、超音波発生装置等が用いられる。ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎又は葉は、通常1kg当り溶媒1〜5Lで抽出する。抽出温度は、好ましくは室温ないし加圧下での沸点の範囲内であり、抽出時間は、抽出温度等により異なるが、好ましくは0.5〜5時間である。   Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as an apparatus used for extraction, The container devised in order to extract efficiently, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a Soxhlet extractor, a homogenizer, a shaker, an ultrasonic generator, etc. are used. Snowy willow whole plants, foliage, stems or leaves are usually extracted with 1 to 5 L of solvent per kg. The extraction temperature is preferably within the range of room temperature to the boiling point under pressure, and the extraction time varies depending on the extraction temperature and the like, but is preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.

このようにして得られた抽出液は、必要に応じて、布、ステンレスフィルター、濾紙、濾過滅菌用フィルター等で濾過して不溶物、不純物等を除去して用いてもよい。また、濾過後の抽出液に、スプレードライ処理、フリーズドライ処理、超臨界処理等の処理を施してもよい。   The extract obtained in this manner may be used after removing it with a cloth, stainless steel filter, filter paper, filter sterilization filter or the like to remove insoluble matters, impurities, etc., if necessary. Moreover, you may give processes, such as a spray-dry process, a freeze-dry process, a supercritical process, to the extract after filtration.

本発明において「ジシアンジアミド」とは、HN−C(=NH)−NH−CNで表されるシアナミドであり、土壌細菌であるニトロソモナスによりアンモニア性窒素が硝酸性窒素へ硝酸化成するのを抑制する。また、ジシアンジアミド自体は緩やかに尿素に変換され肥料効果を示す。 In the present invention, “dicyandiamide” is a cyanamide represented by H 2 N—C (═NH) —NH—CN, and nitrosomonas, a soil bacterium, converts nitrate nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. Suppress. In addition, dicyandiamide itself is slowly converted to urea and exhibits a fertilizer effect.

本発明において、前記土壌処理剤はさらに、柿渋を含むことができる。本発明において「柿渋」とは、柿を搾汁することで得られる液状物を発酵させたものであり、柿渋としては、各種公知のものを特に制限なく用いることができる。市販されている柿渋も好ましく用いることができる(例えば、株式会社トミヤマ社製柿渋(マイルドタイプ)等)。柿の品種、柿渋の発酵年数、発酵に用いられる菌種、柿渋のタンニン含有量、ボーメ度、酸性度、添加物の有無等についても特に制限されない。   In the present invention, the soil treatment agent may further include persimmon astringency. In the present invention, “bamboo astringent” is a product obtained by fermenting a liquid obtained by squeezing persimmon, and various known ones can be used without particular limitation. Commercially available persimmon astringents can also be preferably used (for example, persimmon astringent (mild type) manufactured by Tomiyama Co., Ltd.). There are no particular restrictions on the variety of persimmon, the fermentation years of persimmon, the species of bacteria used for fermentation, the tannin content of persimmon, baume, acidity, the presence or absence of additives, and the like.

[緩効性肥料]
本発明はまた、前記土壌処理剤と有機質肥料とを含む緩効性肥料に関する。
本発明において「有機質肥料」とは、肥料取締法の公定規格に定められた有機質肥料、汚泥堆肥、肥料取締法に定められた特殊肥料のうち有機物を原料とするもの、その他の農家が自給する養分供給を目的とした有機物を原料とする資材等である。有機質肥料は、一般的に、植物が利用できる形態及び土壌中で植物が利用できる形態に変換されるものであり、特に後者の形態においては、土壌中で微生物等の働きによって無機化されることが必要であり、このようにして農作物に利用される形態に変化するものと考えられている。ここで「堆肥」とは、例えば、有機質資材を堆積して醗酵させ、土壌施用後農作物に障害を与えなくなるまで腐熟させたもの等であり、堆肥化する原料及び醗酵程度は適宜選択される。
[Slow release fertilizer]
The present invention also relates to a slow-acting fertilizer comprising the soil treatment agent and an organic fertilizer.
In the present invention, “organic fertilizer” means organic fertilizer, sludge compost, and special fertilizer specified by the fertilizer control law, which are defined in the official standards of the Fertilizer Control Law, and other farmers are self-sufficient. Materials made from organic materials for the purpose of supplying nutrients. Organic fertilizer is generally converted into a form that can be used by plants and a form that can be used by plants in soil, and especially in the latter form, it is mineralized by the action of microorganisms and the like in the soil. It is necessary to change to the form used for agricultural products in this way. Here, “compost” is, for example, organic material deposited and fermented, and then fertilized until it does not damage the crops after soil application. The raw material to be composted and the degree of fermentation are appropriately selected.

有機質肥料としては、例えば、魚かす粉末、魚荒かす粉末、干魚肥料粉末、魚節煮かす等の魚肥、ナタネ油かす、ダイズ油かす等の油かす類、獣骨から脂肪・ゼラチン等を取り除いて残った骨を粉砕した骨粉類、乾燥菌体肥料、牛糞堆肥、豚糞堆肥、鶏糞堆肥、醗酵鶏糞、乾燥鶏糞等の家禽糞肥料、メタン醗酵残渣、籾殻堆肥、剪定枝堆肥等の植物性堆肥、汚泥堆肥、生ゴミ等が挙げられる。好ましくは、鶏糞堆肥、醗酵鶏糞、乾燥鶏糞等の鶏糞肥料又は有機質発酵肥料である。有機質発酵肥料は、家畜(牛、豚、鶏、山羊、馬等)飼料、食品残渣、養殖(魚、甲殻類)餌料又は愛玩動物(犬、猫、小鳥、観賞魚等)餌料(即ち、ペットフード、例えば、ドッグフード、キャットフード)を、麹菌、糸状菌、乳酸菌、酵母等で発酵処理した肥料が好ましい。より好ましくは、ペットフードを麹菌発酵処理した肥料である。   Examples of organic fertilizers include fish meal powder, fish coarse powder, dried fish fertilizer powder, fish manure such as fish boiled fish meal, oilseed meal such as rapeseed oil meal, soybean oil meal, animal bones, fat and gelatin, etc. Plants such as bone meal, dry cell fertilizer, cow manure compost, pig manure compost, chicken manure compost, fermented chicken manure, dried chicken manure, etc., methane fermentation residue, rice husk compost, pruned compost etc. Compost, sludge compost, and raw garbage. Preferably, it is chicken manure such as chicken manure compost, fermented chicken manure, and dried chicken manure, or organic fermented fertilizer. Organic fertilizers can be used for livestock (cattle, pigs, chickens, goats, horses, etc.) feed, food residues, aquaculture (fish, crustaceans) feed or pets (dogs, cats, small birds, ornamental fish, etc.) feed (ie pets) A fertilizer obtained by fermenting food (eg, dog food, cat food) with koji molds, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, yeast or the like is preferable. More preferably, it is a fertilizer obtained by subjecting a pet food to a koji mold fermentation treatment.

本発明の土壌処理剤は、前記処理物と固形物のジシアンジアミドとを含む場合は、それぞれ重量比1:100〜100:1、好ましくは25:1〜50:1で混合して調製される。また、本発明の土壌処理剤が、前記抽出物とジシアンジアミドとを含む場合は、例えば水やアルコール等の溶媒100gに対して、前記抽出物を1〜10g、粉体のジシアンジアミドを0.1〜10g加えて混合して調製することができる。   When the soil treatment agent of the present invention contains the treated product and solid dicyandiamide, they are prepared by mixing in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 25: 1 to 50: 1, respectively. Further, when the soil treatment agent of the present invention contains the extract and dicyandiamide, for example, 1 to 10 g of the extract and 0.1 to 0.1 of powdered dicyandiamide with respect to 100 g of a solvent such as water or alcohol. It can be prepared by adding 10 g and mixing.

本発明の緩効性肥料は、有機質肥料500g(含水率10%)に対して、前記処理物又は抽出物を通常1〜80g、好ましくは60〜80g含み、粉体のジシアンジアミドを通常1〜8g、好ましくは6〜8g含む。より好ましくは、本発明の緩効性肥料は、有機質肥料500gに対して、前記処理物又は抽出物を70g、粉体のジシアンジアミドを7g含む。   The slow-acting fertilizer of the present invention usually contains 1 to 80 g, preferably 60 to 80 g of the treated product or extract, and 1 to 8 g of powdered dicyandiamide, with respect to 500 g of organic fertilizer (water content 10%). , Preferably 6 to 8 g. More preferably, the slow-release fertilizer of the present invention contains 70 g of the treated product or extract and 7 g of powdered dicyandiamide with respect to 500 g of organic fertilizer.

以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらに限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[実施例1]微生物活性を抑制する物質の選抜試験
鶏糞堆肥(岐阜県、谷汲農場)を最終含水率60%に調整し、堆肥100gに対して、各サンプル(ユキヤナギ、ジシアンジアミド、ニンニク、柿渋、イチョウ、カラシ、ワサビ)を1g又は3g添加・混合し、堆肥完熟度を測定するコンポテスター(富士平工業(株))を用いて、酸素消費量を測定した。
[Example 1] Selection test of substances that suppress microbial activity Chicken manure compost (Gifu Prefecture, Tani-Fuku Farm) was adjusted to a final moisture content of 60%, and each sample (Yukiyanagi, dicyandiamide, garlic, persimmon astringency, Oxygen consumption was measured using a component tester (Fujihira Kogyo Co., Ltd.) that added and mixed 1 g or 3 g of ginkgo, mustard, wasabi) and measured compost maturity.

ユキヤナギは、敷地内のユキヤナギの葉を約1kg採取して、天日乾燥後、粉砕機(ワーリング社製,X-TREME MX1100XTM)で1mm程度まで粉砕し、試験に供した。また、ジシアンジアミドは、ナカライテスク社製のものを使用した。ニンニクは、市販のものを使用した。柿渋は、トミヤマ社製柿渋を使用した。イチョウは、敷地内の黄葉化した葉を約1kg採取し、粉砕機(ワーリング社製,X-TREME MX1100XTM)に供し、約1mm程度まで粉末化したものを使用した。   For the snow willow, about 1 kg of the leaves of the snow willow on the site was collected, dried in the sun, and then ground to about 1 mm with a grinder (X-TREME MX1100XTM, manufactured by Waring Co., Ltd.). Moreover, the dicyandiamide manufactured by Nacalai Tesque was used. A commercially available garlic was used. For the persimmon, we used a persimmon made by Tomiyama. For the ginkgo, about 1 kg of yellowed leaves on the premises were collected and used for a pulverizer (X-TREME MX1100XTM manufactured by Waring Co., Ltd.) and powdered to about 1 mm.

結果を図1〜5に示す。1gを添加した場合で、無添加よりも酸素消費量が抑制されたものは、ジシアンジアミド、ユキヤナギ、ニンニク、イチョウ、カラシ、ワサビであった。そのうち、ユキヤナギが、長期間、安定して抑制されていた。   The results are shown in FIGS. In the case where 1 g was added, dicyandiamide, snow willow, garlic, ginkgo, mustard, and wasabi were those in which the oxygen consumption was suppressed as compared with no addition. Among them, snow willow was stably suppressed for a long time.

[実施例2]プロテアーゼ阻害物質の選抜試験
カルシウムカゼイン寒天(メルク)を30.2g/Lにて調製し、カゼインプレートを作製した。プレートの中央に、図6に記載の各供試物質1mgを100μLの脱イオン水に溶解したものをペーパーディスクに供し、カゼインが分解されることにより生じるクリアゾーンの中心からの距離を測定した。また、対照として、無添加の場合に対するクリアゾーン形成の割合を算出した。
[Example 2] Selection test of protease inhibitor Calcium casein agar (Merck) was prepared at 30.2 g / L to prepare a casein plate. In the center of the plate, 1 mg of each test substance shown in FIG. 6 dissolved in 100 μL of deionized water was applied to a paper disk, and the distance from the center of the clear zone caused by the decomposition of casein was measured. As a control, the ratio of clear zone formation relative to the case of no addition was calculated.

結果を図6に示す。図中の値が少ないものが、最もプロテアーゼが阻害されたものであり、柿渋が最も阻害することが明らかになった。   The results are shown in FIG. It was clarified that the one with the smallest value in the figure is the one with the most inhibitory protease and the one with the most astringent astringency.

[実施例3]各配合肥料の無機化率の比較試験
鶏糞堆肥は、ウイドウレス鶏舎から排出された比較的新鮮な鶏糞に対して、直線レーン(ブロワー付き)で堆肥化して、乾燥させたものを用いた。また、ドッグフードを麹菌(Aspergillus niger(醤油作製用))発酵処理したもの(以下、DF麹ともいう)は、市販のドッグフード(抗菌剤を含まないもの)に、市販の麹菌(Aspergillus niger,ピオック社製)の粉末及び米ぬかを添加して、30℃で通気して、麹菌を増殖させた。麹菌が一面に繁殖した後、天日乾燥させ、DF麹とした。
[Example 3] Comparison test of mineralization rate of each compound fertilizer Chicken manure compost is composted in a straight lane (with a blower) and dried for relatively fresh chicken manure discharged from the Widowles poultry house. Using. In addition, dog food (Aspergillus niger (for making soy sauce)) fermented (hereinafter also referred to as DF koji) is added to commercially available dog food (containing no antibacterial agent) and commercially available koji mold (Aspergillus niger, Pioc). And powdered rice bran were added and aerated at 30 ° C. to grow the koji mold. After the gonococcus had propagated all over, it was dried in the sun to form DF.

調製した鶏糞又はDF麹600g(含水率95%)に対して、ユキヤナギ、ジシアンジアミド及び柿渋を、60g、6g、60gそれぞれ添加・混合して、配合肥料を調製した。   60 g, 6 g, and 60 g of snow willow, dicyandiamide and persimmon astringent were added to and mixed with 600 g of the prepared chicken manure or DF koji (water content 95%) to prepare a blended fertilizer.

検定用土壌は、以下のように調製した。2mmのふるいを通した10gの風乾細土に、粉砕して1mmのふるいを通した各試験肥料を、風乾土100g当たり窒素全量が50mgとなるように混合し、UMサンプル瓶に採取して、最大容水量の60%になるように水分調整を行った。使用した土は、露地畑から採取した砂質土で、最大容水量60%の土壌を使用した。30℃で所定の日数インキュベート後、UMサンプル瓶に100mLの10%塩化カリウム溶液を加え、30分間振とうし、ろ過をしてろ液の分析を行った。アンモニア態窒素は、インドフェノール法、亜硝酸態窒素、賞賛態窒素は、ナフチルエチレンジアミン法で分析を行った。   The test soil was prepared as follows. Each test fertilizer that was pulverized and passed through a 1 mm sieve was mixed with 10 g of air-dried fine soil that passed through a 2 mm sieve so that the total amount of nitrogen was 50 mg per 100 g of air-dried soil, and collected in a UM sample bottle. The water content was adjusted to 60% of the maximum water capacity. The used soil was sandy soil collected from an open field field, and soil having a maximum water capacity of 60% was used. After incubation at 30 ° C. for a predetermined number of days, 100 mL of 10% potassium chloride solution was added to the UM sample bottle, shaken for 30 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate was analyzed. Ammonia nitrogen was analyzed by the indophenol method, nitrite nitrogen, and praise nitrogen by the naphthylethylenediamine method.

結果を図7及び表1に示す。図中の無機化率(%)は、無機態窒素量(g)(アンモニア態窒素、硝酸態窒素及び亜硝酸態窒素の合計)を土壌サンプル中に含まれる全窒素量(g)で除して、100を乗ずることによって計算される。   The results are shown in FIG. The mineralization rate (%) in the figure is calculated by dividing the amount of inorganic nitrogen (g) (total of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen) by the total nitrogen amount (g) contained in the soil sample. And calculated by multiplying by 100.

図中のタテヤマユーキ(登録商標)とは、ティーイーエス社製の微生物土壌改良剤(下水汚泥コンポスト)である。また、ターフコントロールとは、ジェイカムアグリ社製のターフコントロール260である。   Tateyama Yuki (registered trademark) in the figure is a microbial soil conditioner (sewage sludge compost) manufactured by TS. Turf control is Turf Control 260 manufactured by Jacom Agri.

一般に、植物は無機態窒素を取り込む。有機質肥料が施肥された場合、土壌中の微生物が、有機質肥料中のタンパク質を分解してアンモニアを生じさせ、さらに、生じたアンモニアを、亜硝酸、硝酸へと変換する。また、無機化率が測定の初期段階から高いものについては、持続性が小さいと考えられる。無機化する速さ(図中の傾き)が大きいものよりも、小さいものの方がより持続性が高いと考えられる。さらに、測定開始後30日までの時点で、増加し続けているもののほうが、持続性が高いといえる。   In general, plants take up inorganic nitrogen. When the organic fertilizer is applied, microorganisms in the soil decompose the protein in the organic fertilizer to generate ammonia, and further convert the generated ammonia into nitrous acid and nitric acid. Moreover, it is thought that sustainability is small about the thing with a high mineralization rate from the initial stage of a measurement. It is considered that the smaller one is more sustainable than the one having a higher speed of mineralization (inclination in the figure). Furthermore, it can be said that the one that continues to increase by 30 days after the start of measurement has higher sustainability.

このような観点で結果を見ると、鶏糞+ユキヤナギ+柿渋+ジシアンジアミド、DF麹+ユキヤナギ+ジシアンジアミド、DF麹+ユキヤナギ+柿渋+ジシアンジアミドでは、測定開始から15〜30日後でも持続的に無機化が行われている。また、DF麹+ユキヤナギ+ジシアンジアミド、DF麹+ユキヤナギ+柿渋+ジシアンジアミドでは、測定開始から5日後において、ゆるやかに無機化が進行することが示された。   Looking at the results from this point of view, chicken manure + snow willow + strawberries + dicyandiamide, DF straw + snow willow + dicyandiamide, DF straw + snow willow + strawberries + dicyandiamide, mineralization continues even 15-30 days after the start of measurement. It has been broken. In addition, it was shown that mineralization progresses gradually in 5 days after the start of measurement in DF 麹 + Yuki willow + Dicyandiamide and DF 麹 + Yuki Willow + 柿 Cyan + Dicyandiamide.

一方、対照の鶏糞堆肥、DF麹、タテヤマユーキ、ターフコントロールでは、測定開始から5日後で無機化率が急激に上昇するものも見られ、また、15日以降の持続性が見られなかった。無機化率が減少する原因としては、アンモニア、亜硝酸、硝酸等が有機化することや、ガスとして系外に放出されること、肥料中に含まれる微生物に同化することが考えられる。   On the other hand, in the control chicken manure compost, DF straw, Yate Tateyama, and turf control, the mineralization rate rapidly increased after 5 days from the start of measurement, and the sustainability after 15 days was not observed. Possible causes of the decrease in the mineralization rate include ammonia, nitrous acid, nitric acid, etc. becoming organic, being released out of the system as gas, and assimilating into microorganisms contained in the fertilizer.

Figure 0005811050
Figure 0005811050

Claims (3)

ユキヤナギの全草、茎葉、茎もしくは葉又はそれらの処理物もしくは抽出物と、ジシアンジアミドとを含む土壌処理剤。 A soil treatment agent comprising whole snowy willow, stalks , leaves, stems or leaves or a processed product or extract thereof, and dicyandiamide. 請求項1に記載の土壌処理剤と有機質肥料とを含む緩効性肥料。   A slow-acting fertilizer comprising the soil treatment agent according to claim 1 and an organic fertilizer. 有機質肥料が、鶏糞又はペットフードもしくは食品残渣の麹菌発酵処理物である、請求項2に記載の緩効性肥料。   The slow-acting fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is chicken manure or pet food or a food residue treated with koji mold.
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