JP5811050B2 - Soil treatment agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a soil treatment agent and a slow-acting fertilizer containing the soil treatment agent and an organic fertilizer.

  In organic fertilizer, the protein in the fertilizer is decomposed by soil microorganisms to produce ammonia, and the produced ammonia is further oxidized by soil microorganisms to produce nitric acid, and the ammonia and nitric acid are absorbed as plant nutrients. It is widely used as a fertilizer that exhibits a slow effect. This organic fertilizer generally has the advantage that even if it is fertilized in a large amount, it does not easily cause a concentration disorder or germination disorder, and the quality of agricultural products is higher than that of a chemical fertilizer.

  Conventionally, a slow-acting chemical fertilizer has been often used because it is cumbersome to perform additional fertilization during maintenance of turf and the like and in vegetable cultivation. However, no substance or material has been found that can continuously mineralize organic fertilizers having the above advantages.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a slow-acting fertilizer in which dicyandiamide is added to an organic paste-like fertilizer containing a fiber-shaped protein degradation product. It is described that when this fertilizer is used, additional fertilization can be omitted because the slow effect of fertilization is exhibited. However, in pasty fertilizers described in the document, only defatted soybean powder is used as a protein source, and it is unclear whether the slow-release effect of organic fertilizers such as those produced from chicken manure will be maintained.

JP-A-6-40791

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil treatment agent that continuously mineralizes organic fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer containing the soil treatment agent.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that a soil treatment agent containing whole plant, foliage, stems or leaves of a willow tree, a processed product or an extract thereof, and dicyandiamide is an organic fertilizer. The present inventors have found that the mineralization is continued, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.

[1] A soil treatment agent comprising snowy willow whole plants, foliage, stems or leaves, or a treated product or extract thereof, and dicyandiamide.
[2] A slow-acting fertilizer comprising the soil treatment agent according to [1] and an organic fertilizer.
[3] The slow-acting fertilizer according to [2], wherein the organic fertilizer is chicken manure or pet food or a food residue treated with koji mold.

  The soil treatment agent of the present invention is capable of continuously mineralizing an organic fertilizer and is highly safe because it is finally taken into a plant as a fertilizer component.

It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a snow willow. It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a dicyandiamide. It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a persimmon. It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a garlic. It is the figure which showed the oxygen consumption in a fertilizer at the time of using a ginkgo. It is the figure which showed the protease activity decreasing rate by each test substance. It is the figure which showed the mineralization rate of each compounding fertilizer.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[Soil treatment agent]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil treatment agent comprising whole snowy willow, stems and leaves, stems or leaves, or a processed product or extract thereof, and dicyandiamide. As described above, the soil treatment agent can maintain the slow effect of the organic fertilizer and has high safety. Moreover, it is thought that the generation | occurrence | production of ammonia can be suppressed and a malodorous substance can be reduced.

  In the present invention, the whole plant, foliage, stem or leaf of snow willow may be used as it is after being collected, or may be used as a processed product or an extract thereof. Here, the whole grass refers to all plants that combine the above-ground part and the underground part (root), and the foliage refers to the part that combines the above-ground stem and leaf part. The season and place of production for the snow willow are not limited, and winter and young leaves can also be used. Preferably, processed leaves or extracts of snow willow leaves are used.

  “Processed products of whole willow, foliage, stems or leaves of snow willow” are particularly limited as long as they are obtained by physically, chemically or biologically treating the whole plant, foliage, stems or leaves of snow willow. Not. For example, the physical treatment method includes sun drying, drying in a drying oven, air drying, freeze drying, etc., pulverization using a blender, a homogenizer, a ball mill, etc. Examples thereof include dried products, freeze-dried products, and pulverized products. In the present invention, a powder of whole willow, stem and leaf, stem and leaf of snow willow is preferable, and a higher effect is exhibited. Examples of the chemical treatment method include enzyme treatment such as protease and saccharifying enzyme, and examples of the chemical treatment product include an enzyme treatment product. Examples of the biological treatment method include a fermentation method, and examples of the biological treatment product include a fermentation treatment product.

  The “extract of snow willow whole plant, foliage, stem or leaf” is an extract obtained from a whole plant of snow willow, stem foliage, stem or leaf or the processed product by a known extraction method. Examples of extraction methods include various solvent extractions and supercritical fluid extractions.

  Examples of the extraction solvent include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol; esters such as acetate such as ethyl acetate; ethers such as ethyl ether and dioxane; ketones such as acetone and the like. In the extraction, the contact with the solvent can be enhanced by crushing or grinding after drying.

  Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as an apparatus used for extraction, The container devised in order to extract efficiently, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a Soxhlet extractor, a homogenizer, a shaker, an ultrasonic generator, etc. are used. Snowy willow whole plants, foliage, stems or leaves are usually extracted with 1 to 5 L of solvent per kg. The extraction temperature is preferably within the range of room temperature to the boiling point under pressure, and the extraction time varies depending on the extraction temperature and the like, but is preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.

  The extract obtained in this manner may be used after removing it with a cloth, stainless steel filter, filter paper, filter sterilization filter or the like to remove insoluble matters, impurities, etc., if necessary. Moreover, you may give processes, such as a spray-dry process, a freeze-dry process, a supercritical process, to the extract after filtration.

In the present invention, “dicyandiamide” is a cyanamide represented by H ₂ N—C (═NH) —NH—CN, and nitrosomonas, a soil bacterium, converts nitrate nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. Suppress. In addition, dicyandiamide itself is slowly converted to urea and exhibits a fertilizer effect.

  In the present invention, the soil treatment agent may further include persimmon astringency. In the present invention, “bamboo astringent” is a product obtained by fermenting a liquid obtained by squeezing persimmon, and various known ones can be used without particular limitation. Commercially available persimmon astringents can also be preferably used (for example, persimmon astringent (mild type) manufactured by Tomiyama Co., Ltd.). There are no particular restrictions on the variety of persimmon, the fermentation years of persimmon, the species of bacteria used for fermentation, the tannin content of persimmon, baume, acidity, the presence or absence of additives, and the like.

[Slow release fertilizer]
The present invention also relates to a slow-acting fertilizer comprising the soil treatment agent and an organic fertilizer.
In the present invention, “organic fertilizer” means organic fertilizer, sludge compost, and special fertilizer specified by the fertilizer control law, which are defined in the official standards of the Fertilizer Control Law, and other farmers are self-sufficient. Materials made from organic materials for the purpose of supplying nutrients. Organic fertilizer is generally converted into a form that can be used by plants and a form that can be used by plants in soil, and especially in the latter form, it is mineralized by the action of microorganisms and the like in the soil. It is necessary to change to the form used for agricultural products in this way. Here, “compost” is, for example, organic material deposited and fermented, and then fertilized until it does not damage the crops after soil application. The raw material to be composted and the degree of fermentation are appropriately selected.

  Examples of organic fertilizers include fish meal powder, fish coarse powder, dried fish fertilizer powder, fish manure such as fish boiled fish meal, oilseed meal such as rapeseed oil meal, soybean oil meal, animal bones, fat and gelatin, etc. Plants such as bone meal, dry cell fertilizer, cow manure compost, pig manure compost, chicken manure compost, fermented chicken manure, dried chicken manure, etc., methane fermentation residue, rice husk compost, pruned compost etc. Compost, sludge compost, and raw garbage. Preferably, it is chicken manure such as chicken manure compost, fermented chicken manure, and dried chicken manure, or organic fermented fertilizer. Organic fertilizers can be used for livestock (cattle, pigs, chickens, goats, horses, etc.) feed, food residues, aquaculture (fish, crustaceans) feed or pets (dogs, cats, small birds, ornamental fish, etc.) feed (ie pets) A fertilizer obtained by fermenting food (eg, dog food, cat food) with koji molds, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, yeast or the like is preferable. More preferably, it is a fertilizer obtained by subjecting a pet food to a koji mold fermentation treatment.

  When the soil treatment agent of the present invention contains the treated product and solid dicyandiamide, they are prepared by mixing in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 25: 1 to 50: 1, respectively. Further, when the soil treatment agent of the present invention contains the extract and dicyandiamide, for example, 1 to 10 g of the extract and 0.1 to 0.1 of powdered dicyandiamide with respect to 100 g of a solvent such as water or alcohol. It can be prepared by adding 10 g and mixing.

  The slow-acting fertilizer of the present invention usually contains 1 to 80 g, preferably 60 to 80 g of the treated product or extract, and 1 to 8 g of powdered dicyandiamide, with respect to 500 g of organic fertilizer (water content 10%). , Preferably 6 to 8 g. More preferably, the slow-release fertilizer of the present invention contains 70 g of the treated product or extract and 7 g of powdered dicyandiamide with respect to 500 g of organic fertilizer.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Example 1] Selection test of substances that suppress microbial activity Chicken manure compost (Gifu Prefecture, Tani-Fuku Farm) was adjusted to a final moisture content of 60%, and each sample (Yukiyanagi, dicyandiamide, garlic, persimmon astringency, Oxygen consumption was measured using a component tester (Fujihira Kogyo Co., Ltd.) that added and mixed 1 g or 3 g of ginkgo, mustard, wasabi) and measured compost maturity.

  For the snow willow, about 1 kg of the leaves of the snow willow on the site was collected, dried in the sun, and then ground to about 1 mm with a grinder (X-TREME MX1100XTM, manufactured by Waring Co., Ltd.). Moreover, the dicyandiamide manufactured by Nacalai Tesque was used. A commercially available garlic was used. For the persimmon, we used a persimmon made by Tomiyama. For the ginkgo, about 1 kg of yellowed leaves on the premises were collected and used for a pulverizer (X-TREME MX1100XTM manufactured by Waring Co., Ltd.) and powdered to about 1 mm.

  The results are shown in FIGS. In the case where 1 g was added, dicyandiamide, snow willow, garlic, ginkgo, mustard, and wasabi were those in which the oxygen consumption was suppressed as compared with no addition. Among them, snow willow was stably suppressed for a long time.

[Example 2] Selection test of protease inhibitor Calcium casein agar (Merck) was prepared at 30.2 g / L to prepare a casein plate. In the center of the plate, 1 mg of each test substance shown in FIG. 6 dissolved in 100 μL of deionized water was applied to a paper disk, and the distance from the center of the clear zone caused by the decomposition of casein was measured. As a control, the ratio of clear zone formation relative to the case of no addition was calculated.

  The results are shown in FIG. It was clarified that the one with the smallest value in the figure is the one with the most inhibitory protease and the one with the most astringent astringency.

[Example 3] Comparison test of mineralization rate of each compound fertilizer Chicken manure compost is composted in a straight lane (with a blower) and dried for relatively fresh chicken manure discharged from the Widowles poultry house. Using. In addition, dog food (Aspergillus niger (for making soy sauce)) fermented (hereinafter also referred to as DF koji) is added to commercially available dog food (containing no antibacterial agent) and commercially available koji mold (Aspergillus niger, Pioc). And powdered rice bran were added and aerated at 30 ° C. to grow the koji mold. After the gonococcus had propagated all over, it was dried in the sun to form DF.

  60 g, 6 g, and 60 g of snow willow, dicyandiamide and persimmon astringent were added to and mixed with 600 g of the prepared chicken manure or DF koji (water content 95%) to prepare a blended fertilizer.

  The test soil was prepared as follows. Each test fertilizer that was pulverized and passed through a 1 mm sieve was mixed with 10 g of air-dried fine soil that passed through a 2 mm sieve so that the total amount of nitrogen was 50 mg per 100 g of air-dried soil, and collected in a UM sample bottle. The water content was adjusted to 60% of the maximum water capacity. The used soil was sandy soil collected from an open field field, and soil having a maximum water capacity of 60% was used. After incubation at 30 ° C. for a predetermined number of days, 100 mL of 10% potassium chloride solution was added to the UM sample bottle, shaken for 30 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate was analyzed. Ammonia nitrogen was analyzed by the indophenol method, nitrite nitrogen, and praise nitrogen by the naphthylethylenediamine method.

  The results are shown in FIG. The mineralization rate (%) in the figure is calculated by dividing the amount of inorganic nitrogen (g) (total of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen) by the total nitrogen amount (g) contained in the soil sample. And calculated by multiplying by 100.

  Tateyama Yuki (registered trademark) in the figure is a microbial soil conditioner (sewage sludge compost) manufactured by TS. Turf control is Turf Control 260 manufactured by Jacom Agri.

  In general, plants take up inorganic nitrogen. When the organic fertilizer is applied, microorganisms in the soil decompose the protein in the organic fertilizer to generate ammonia, and further convert the generated ammonia into nitrous acid and nitric acid. Moreover, it is thought that sustainability is small about the thing with a high mineralization rate from the initial stage of a measurement. It is considered that the smaller one is more sustainable than the one having a higher speed of mineralization (inclination in the figure). Furthermore, it can be said that the one that continues to increase by 30 days after the start of measurement has higher sustainability.

  Looking at the results from this point of view, chicken manure + snow willow + strawberries + dicyandiamide, DF straw + snow willow + dicyandiamide, DF straw + snow willow + strawberries + dicyandiamide, mineralization continues even 15-30 days after the start of measurement. It has been broken. In addition, it was shown that mineralization progresses gradually in 5 days after the start of measurement in DF 麹 + Yuki willow + Dicyandiamide and DF 麹 + Yuki Willow + 柿 Cyan + Dicyandiamide.

  On the other hand, in the control chicken manure compost, DF straw, Yate Tateyama, and turf control, the mineralization rate rapidly increased after 5 days from the start of measurement, and the sustainability after 15 days was not observed. Possible causes of the decrease in the mineralization rate include ammonia, nitrous acid, nitric acid, etc. becoming organic, being released out of the system as gas, and assimilating into microorganisms contained in the fertilizer.

Claims (3)

A soil treatment agent comprising whole snowy willow, stalks , leaves, stems or leaves or a processed product or extract thereof, and dicyandiamide.   A slow-acting fertilizer comprising the soil treatment agent according to claim 1 and an organic fertilizer.   The slow-acting fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is chicken manure or pet food or a food residue treated with koji mold.

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