JP3561682B2 - Manure production method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an epoch-making method for producing compost from animal compost raw materials and plant compost raw materials that generate malodors such as pig dung, cow dung, and chicken dung. The present invention relates to a method for producing a compost.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, raising cattle, pigs, chickens, etc. produces manure, and this manure is fermented in combination with plant compost raw materials such as rice straw to produce high-quality compost. It was used as a fertilizer containing phosphorus and potash or as a humus to fertilize the soil.
Later, the spread of chemical fertilizers increased the productivity by applying large amounts of chemical fertilizers instead of producing compost that required labor, but on the other hand, humus in the soil decreased and the land became thinner. When humus is reduced and land is thinned, even if a large amount of fertilizer is used, productivity does not increase, and the plant's resistance to various pathogens also decreases, and as a result, pesticides such as highly toxic fungicides and insecticides are used. The amount of use is increasing, which is deteriorating the natural environment.
[0003]
Compost is manufactured by mixing animal raw materials such as manure and plant raw materials such as rice straw, firs, hay, etc., stacking and supplying an appropriate amount of water, and turning back appropriately to eliminate the difference between internal and external conditions. . Sugars and amino acids are decomposed by the action of aerobic bacteria, and after about one week, the internal temperature rises, and some anaerobic bacteria also act, and the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin also progresses. The compost gradually turned red-black in 3 to 4 months after stacking, began to have a sweet smell, the touch to the touch was moist and soft, it contained sufficient moisture, did not separate, and the fiber remained intact It crumbles tattered.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in recent years, residential land has been promoted, and if compost is manufactured by a conventional method, there is a tendency that a dispute arises due to a problem of odor or that work such as switching back and forth which requires labor is disliked. Therefore, the breeding grounds for industrial animals such as cattle, pigs, chickens, etc. have been increasingly separated from artificially crowded areas, and a method of collectively producing compost at factories has been adopted. When turning to factory production, turning over is preferable because it is mechanized.However, shortening the composting period is required, and special bacteria are blended to increase the internal temperature, or superheated steam is introduced from the outside to keep the temperature close to 80 ° C. Methods have been taken.
[0005]
The shortening of the period of composting Figure Ruama is, and the unripe compost application to the plant, thriving growth of microorganisms proceeds in the soil, the plants to absorb a large amount of nitrogen components in soil nitrogen starvation And adversely affect the growth of healthy plants . Furthermore, since many microorganisms survive in the unripe compost and pathogenic bacteria still survive in these, application of the unripe compost must be avoided, such as infecting plants with pathogenic bacteria.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention eliminates the odor of the compost raw material in one day, raises the internal temperature of the compost raw material to about 80 ° C. in two to three days, keeps this for one to two weeks, and then slowly lowers the temperature. The aim is to produce high-quality ripe compost in February. The composition of the compost is a powder of Stevia plant or a solid obtained by extracting a water-soluble component from Stevia plant. material 100 parts by weight, wherein the Ru fermented by adding 0.01 to 5 parts by weight.
[0007]
That is, by mixing the solid content after extracting the water-soluble component from the Stevia plant powder or the Stevia plant body with the compost raw material, the odor disappears the next day, and the internal temperature after 2-3 days. Is raised to about 80 ° C., and this high temperature is continued for 1 to 2 weeks. As a result, composting proceeds rapidly in an odorless environment, and the resulting compost is of extremely good quality. Incidentally, when EM bacteria are added, the internal temperature is 70 ° C., and when rice bran blur is added, 65 ° C. is the limit. The high temperature obtained by the activity of the fungus itself is essential for producing good quality compost.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Stevia in the present invention is a perennial plant of Asteraceae native to South America, Stevia. Rebaudiana. Bertoni ( Stevia rebaudiana bertoni) and related plants. As a result of the experiment, the active ingredient is contained abundantly in the leaves and stems, especially in the stem before buds and in the stems of mature plants, but the active ingredient is contained in roots, flowers, and young plants. It was confirmed. In the present invention, the whole plant tissue of Stevia is used.
Furthermore, by drying the plant tissue of Stevia and performing boiling extraction, hot water extraction or lower alcohol extraction, etc., and blending the solid content after extracting the water-soluble component with the compost material, there is a remarkable effect.
[0009]
In other words, both the raw powder of Stevia and the solid content after the extraction of the water-soluble component of Stevia are used, and when the solid content after the extraction of the water-soluble component is used, a higher temperature can be obtained more quickly. Stevia powder is slightly better in quality. A preferred method of use is to add stevia powder or a mixture of stevia powder and a solid after extraction of a water-soluble component to a compost raw material, and after 1 to 3 weeks add a solid after extraction of a water-soluble component, the temperature at the final stage of ripening is increased. The drop is stable and better compost is obtained.
The amount of the stevia powder used is 1.5 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the compost material. Since the stevia powder is used only as a composting accelerator, such a small amount is sufficient.
[0010]
When the powder of the Stevia plant or the solid content obtained by extracting the water-soluble component from the Stevia plant is mixed with the compost material, the bad smell peculiar to manure or plant decay disappears in 24 hours. After 2-3 days, the internal temperature reaches around 80 ° C., and the high temperature state is maintained for 1 to 2 weeks thereafter. After that, the temperature changed at 50 to 60 ° C., the temperature slowly decreased, and after 1 to 2 months, the compost became fully matured. The present inventors use mainly Stevia plant powder in the early stage of compost production, and add a solid content obtained by extracting a water-soluble component from Stevia plant during ripening, especially around the end of the high temperature period. It was confirmed that the quality of the compost was reduced rapidly and the highest quality compost was obtained as a result.
[0011]
Furthermore, even when the interior is still hot after the start of compost production, its composition has already reached the condition of good quality compost when analyzed. That is, 10 days after the start of the maturation, the inside is still high temperature and is unripe compost according to common sense, but when this compost is analyzed , it has the requirement of the ripe compost and is applied to the soil to obtain good results. The compost in the high temperature stage during the ripening is added to a plant compost raw material having a low nitrogen content, for example, bark, rice straw, chaff, vegetable waste, a plant after harvesting agricultural products, etc., in an amount of 1 to 10%, preferably 3 to 5%. %, The composting of these raw materials is promoted, and much better quality compost can be obtained in half the time required conventionally. In particular, vegetable waste having a high water content and easily decay can be efficiently composted. This is considered to provide an environment in which the stevia plant according to the present invention can easily proliferate useful microorganisms in large quantities.
[0012]
The compost materials are cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, bedding from the barn for raising these animals (including manure), vegetable waste, harvested plants (rice straw, rice husk, etc.), and emissions from food processing plants. Fermentable products such as food (okara, soy sauce fermented cake), livestock meat, fish meat slaughtered or discharged from a processing plant, and hay can be used. Since the carbon content and physical properties are significantly different depending on the raw material, various materials are mixed to adjust the carbon content to an appropriate value of 30 to 40. Perform manufacturing.
[0013]
The compost obtained by the action of microorganisms is black-brown, and in terms of components, most of nitrogen exists as cells or their remains, and most of carbon exists as cells or humus. This process has had a maturity process, that ripe when the was it the best of conditions for crops. That is, ripe does not mean completely decomposed, but is in a state of ripening to such an extent that decomposition is continued slowly after application to the soil.
[0014]
The following effects have been observed with compost.
(1) Supply three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Supply the fertilizer of (1) slowly to the plant. In general, about 1/3 of the total nitrogen that has been composted is absorbed in the year, and the rest is stored as nitrogen in the humus, and is slowly absorbed in the following years. In addition, even in soil where fertilizer has already been excessively applied, the excess fertilizer is retained by the buffering action from the following year.
(3) plant requires a unconfirmed various trace components, these components compost can you supply.
(4) Substances having the action of plant hormones are generated in the organic matter in the process of decomposition, which has a favorable effect on plants.
(5) During the maturation process of compost, fungi useful for plants, larvae of insects, protozoa, earthworms and other underground animals proliferate, and these organisms proliferate in the composted soil and ripen the soil. Encourage upsizing. These micro-organisms are Ru natural enemies Demoa of pathogens.
(6) The application of the compost softens the soil, forms an aggregate structure, increases water retention, fertilization, and air volume, and allows plants to grow healthy.
(7) Active soil is high in Japanese field soil. Activated aluminum damages the roots and changes the phosphate to a form that plants cannot absorb. Compost has the effect of converting harmful metals into forms that do not directly harm plants.
(8) Since the organic matter still remains, decomposition of the organic matter proceeds in the soil, which has the effect of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide and promoting photosynthesis.
[0015]
The facility for producing compost is not particularly limited. It can be used for everything from the conventional method of stacking on the ground or concrete foundation, to large-scale automated equipment of a belt conveyor type equipped with an indoor mechanized turning device and gradually moving as the material ripens.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a compost manufacturing apparatus. This is a concrete fertilizer tank, and in FIG. 1, three concrete tanks, a first tank 1, a second tank 2, and a third tank 3, are connected. A drain hole or a drain groove 4 for removing leached waste water is provided at the bottom, and the drain hole 5 is guided to a drain chamber 5. The drainage chambers 5 are connected to each other via a wastewater passage 6 and are discharged from a drainage port 7. In some cases, the drainage chamber 5 may not be provided and may be absorbed directly on the ground. Since the production of compost is carried out under aerobic conditions, the supply of a suitable amount of air helps to produce good compost. Reference numeral 8 denotes a ventilation pipe, which is widely laid at the bottom of the compost tank. Ventilation holes 9 are opened at appropriate intervals in the ventilation pipe 8, and an amount of air is supplied from each ventilation hole to smoothly promote the maturation of the compost.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a compost material or compost. In general, compost decreases in volume as maturation progresses, and mature ripe compost is about half the volume when first stacked and pressed.
[0016]
Various kinds of compost raw materials are stirred and mixed to mix stevia powder, and the mixture is put into the first tank 1 and pressed to adjust the water content. By mechanically moving the second tank 2 after a certain period of time, an effect equivalent to switching can be obtained. The movement from the second tank 2 to the third tank 3 also has a switching effect. In addition, turning back can be performed by mechanically stirring without moving the compost tank. In FIG. 1, the number of compost tanks is three, but the number of compost tanks may be one, three or more, and composting may be performed in parallel by arranging compost tanks in a mesh shape. it can.
[0017]
【Example】
Example 1
A litter containing a small truck of cow manure and a chicken litter of a small truck were each brought to a compost factory. Even if both were mixed, the mixture was still sticky, so 100 parts by weight of both mixtures were mixed with 15 parts by weight of rice hull and bark to eliminate the sticky state and to provide physical properties that could ensure air permeability. Further, 0.25 parts by weight of Stevia plant powder was blended and mixed well.
[0018]
Using the compost tank shown in FIG. 1, the above-mentioned mixed compost material is filled in the first tank 1, pressed to eliminate the fluffy state, and water is added to the first tank 1 so as to slightly ooze out of the material. The aerobic condition was maintained by slightly aerating from the vent hole 9 provided at the bottom. On the day of the work, the odor peculiar to animal manure was full, but one day later, the ammonia odor and the putrid odor had disappeared. Slightly refilled with water. Two days later, the internal temperature had reached 79 ° C. After 3 days, the internal temperature was 80 ° C. Six days later, the internal temperature was 78 ° C., and switching was performed. After 9 days the internal temperature was 80 ° C., after 12 days the internal temperature was 75 ° C. and after 14 days it had dropped to 55 ° C. Here, since the material was transferred from the first tank 1 to the second tank 2, the material was substantially turned over. After 30 days, the internal temperature had dropped to 45 ° C., and the material was transferred from the second tank 2 to the third tank 3 to perform a substantial turnover. Turning was performed 44 days later, and the results of analysis of the ripe compost 60 days later are shown in Table 1.
During the compost production process, water was supplied as much as possible to slightly leach out of the material. There was no smell of ammonia, and no odor was felt even when water was added.
The produced compost had a black, faint sweet scent, was soft and soft to the touch, did not release water while containing sufficient moisture, and the fibrous material did not retain its original shape and collapsed.
[0019]
Examples 2 and 3
Water soluble from 8 parts by weight of rice husks and 0.25 parts by weight of Stevia plants for 100 parts by weight of litter containing a small truck full of cow manure and 100 parts by weight of litter containing small truck full of pig manure A compost was produced in substantially the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solids after extracting the components were mixed and mixed well, and the inspection results of the fully matured compost two months later were also shown in Table 1. As in Example 1, the putrefaction odor disappeared from the next day, and there was no odor even when moistened, and the ripening proceeded smoothly.
In Example 2, a part of the material undergoing ripening was sampled 10 days after the accumulation period, and the sample was designated as Example 3, and the components were analyzed. Although compost is still inside of Example 3 had a high temperature, was subjected to the soil is cooled, the same effect as mature compost was obtained.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
Comparative Example 1
Using compost material that approximates that of Example 1, in place of the solids were extracted water-soluble components from the powder and Stevia plant Stevia plant, the compost in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using the rice bran blurring Manufactured. The odor similar to that on the first day did not disappear after one month, and the internal temperature was 65 ° C. after 6 days, so the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. using superheated steam. Since the temperature was 55 ° C. also on the 8th day, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. using superheated steam and switching was performed. On the ninth day, the temperature was 60 ° C., and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. using superheated steam. On the 15th day, the temperature was 40 ° C., but the temperature did not rise. A total of seven turns were performed, and a fully matured compost was obtained on the 110th day. The malodor decreased with the progress of ripening, but the ammonia odor did not disappear until the end. The product ripe compost also felt an ammonia smell when water was added.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a bad smell disappeared quickly, and it became possible to obtain a good quality ripe compost in a short time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of a compost manufacturing apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st tank 2 2nd tank 3 3rd tank 4 Drain hole 5 Drainage room 6 Drain passage 7 Drain port 8 Vent pipe 9 Vent hole 10 Compost raw material or compost

Claims (4)

A method for producing compost, comprising adding 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight of a stevia plant powder to 100 parts by weight of a compost material and fermenting the mixture. A method for producing compost, comprising adding 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight, as a dry matter, of a solid content after extracting a water-soluble component from a Stevia plant to 100 parts by weight of a compost raw material. To the compost raw material, a mixture of Stevia plant powder and a solid content after extracting a water-soluble component from the Stevia plant was added and fermented. A method for producing compost, comprising adding a solid content after extracting components. A mixture of a powder of Stevia plant and a solid after extracting a water-soluble component from the Stevia plant is added in an amount of 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight as a dry matter with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compost material. The method for producing compost according to claim 3, characterized in that: