JP6526515B2 - Compost production method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention generally relates to a method of producing compost. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of producing a compost with novel features, such as enabling the prevention of secondary contamination.

  Compost is widely used for cultivating agricultural products because it has various features that chemical fertilizers do not have, and organic agricultural products using compost are also popular with consumers.

  However, when cultivating crops using compost, the compost is easily dissolved in water, causing the compost to be washed away when it rains, resulting in pollution of the surrounding water quality environment and reduction of the fertilizing effect. There is.

  The present invention has been developed in view of such a situation, and it is difficult to dissolve in water, less likely to contaminate the water quality environment, and produces a compost having novel features such as less outflow of fertilizer. The purpose is to provide a way to

In the compost producing method according to claim 1 of the present invention, a soil improver containing starch as a main component is mixed in a raw material containing at least one of livestock excrement, sewage sludge and industrial waste sludge. Stirring in the lower part of the container having at least one pipe having an air inlet at the bottom and an air outlet at the top and extending in a substantially vertical direction and having at least upper and lower ends opened. And the step of introducing and fermenting the raw material , wherein the air flowing from the air inlet is warmed by the heat generation due to the fermentation of the raw material to rise in the vessel and to rise through the pipe. By raising the inside of the container, an air flow from the bottom to the top is formed in the container to promote fermentation of the raw material .

In the compost producing method according to claim 2 of the present invention, a soil improver containing starch as a main component is mixed in a raw material containing at least one of livestock excrement, sewage sludge and industrial waste sludge. Stirring, and at least one first pipe extending substantially horizontally at the bottom and having a plurality of holes in the circumferential surface, and at least one second extending substantially vertically and having at least an upper end and a lower end opened. The step of introducing the stirred raw material into a fermentation chamber in which a pipe and a pipe are disposed to cause fermentation, and in the step of fermenting, the air flowing through the first pipe generates heat due to the fermentation of the raw material The air flow from the bottom to the top is formed in the fermentation chamber by raising the temperature in the fermentation chamber and raising the inside of the fermentation chamber through the second pipe. It is characterized in that to promote the fermentation of the raw material and.

The compost producing method according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the method according to claim 1 or 2 , the content of starch in the soil improving material is 8% by weight to 20% by weight. is there.

In the method for producing compost according to claim 4 of the present invention, in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , the predetermined ratio is 0.05% by weight to 0.2% by weight with respect to the raw material. It is characterized by being%.

  According to the method of the present invention, it is difficult to dissolve in water, there is little risk of contaminating the water environment, and the fertilizing effect can be maintained for a long time, and almost odorless compost can be produced. Further, according to the method of the present invention, the air permeability of the raw material is enhanced, so that the raw material is not agitated and aerated in the fermentation step, and it is relatively short (1/6 to 1/1 as compared with the conventional production method). Compost can be produced in 4 hours).

It is the schematic diagram which showed the procedure of the compost manufacturing method which concerns on preferable embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing an example of a container used for fermentation. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the fermentation process in the container shown in FIG. It is a figure showing another example of a container used for fermentation. It is the figure which showed the example of the aeration pipe arrange | positioned at the fermentation container of FIG.

  Next, with reference to the drawings, a method of producing compost according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the procedure of the method for producing compost according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. First of all, prepare the raw materials. As raw materials, at least one of livestock excrement (such as cow dung, pig dung and chicken dung), sewage sludge and industrial waste sludge is used. Therefore, for example, only cow dung may be used as a raw material.

  Subsequently, the soil conditioner which has starch as a main component is mixed and stirred in a raw material. The mixing amount of the soil conditioner is preferably 0.05 wt% to 0.2 wt% with respect to the raw material. The soil conditioner containing starch as a main component includes, in addition to those in which starch is directly mixed, those in which starch is processed (for example, those in which starch is modified to be polythene).

  The content of starch in the soil conditioner is preferably 8% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total soil conditioner. As components other than starch of a soil conditioner, coal ash, a zeolite, etc. are mention | raise | lifted, for example. Moreover, when using livestock excrement as a raw material, the moisture content of livestock excrement is high in many cases. Therefore, in such a case, it is preferable to mix moisture adjusting materials such as sawdust, waste mushroom bed, rice straw powder and the like into the raw materials. Thereby, the amount of organic matter is increased, and the breathability and the fermentability are enhanced.

  By mixing the soil conditioner based on starch with the raw material, particles of the raw material can be coated with starch to increase the hydrophobicity of the raw material. As a result, the produced compost becomes difficult to dissolve in water, and the outflow of the compost due to rain and the like is reduced, so that the secondary pollution by the compost is reduced and the odor from the raw materials is blocked. can get.

  In addition, by mixing a soil improving agent containing starch as a main component into the raw material, the raw material has a so-called aggregate structure, so the porosity of the raw material is increased and the air permeability is enhanced, whereby aerobic fermentation is carried out. The fermentation period is shortened.

  Subsequently, the raw material obtained as mentioned above is put into a predetermined container, and is fermented.

  FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a container used for fermentation. That is, the fermentation vessel 10 shown in FIG. 2 has a generally conical shape and is provided with at least one air inlet 12 around the lower edge and an air outlet 14 at the top. There is. The fermentation container 10 is formed of a heat retaining material (for example, a blanket, thick canvas).

  In addition, inside the fermentation vessel 10, at least one pipe (two pipes are illustrated in FIG. 2) extending in a substantially vertical direction is disposed. At least the upper end 16a and the lower end 16b of the pipe 16 are open, and preferably, a through hole 16c is provided in the middle.

  FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing the fermentation state of the raw material in the fermentation container 10. As shown in FIG. Air flows into the container 10 from the air inlet 12. Then, when the raw material contained in the fermentation vessel 10 is fermented, heat is generated and the air in the fermentation vessel 10 is warmed. Under the present circumstances, since the fermentation container 10 is formed with the heat retention material, the air in the fermentation container 10 becomes difficult to cool. The warmed air expands in volume to rise in the fermentation vessel 10, and flows out of the fermentation vessel 10 from the outlet 14. In addition, since the pressure is slightly higher at the top than at the bottom of the fermentation vessel 10, the rise of air from the bottom to the top of the fermentation vessel 10 is promoted. Furthermore, the rise of air is also promoted through the pipe 16. In this manner, as shown in FIG. 3, the formation of an air flow from the bottom to the top in the fermentation vessel 10 promotes the fermentation of the highly breathable raw material, and stirs and aerates the raw material. Since both anaerobic and aerobic fermentation are performed without any problems, compost can be produced in a relatively short period of time.

  FIG. 4 is a view showing another example of a container used for fermentation. The fermentation vessel 20 shown in FIG. 4 has a shape in which a plurality of (three in FIG. 4) arranged fermentation chambers adjacent to each other with rectangular fermentation chambers opened on one side, and constitutes the fermentation chamber 20a. The three walls 20b and 20c are formed of concrete (see FIG. 4A).

  Inside each fermentation chamber 20a, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), at least one (two are shown in FIG. 5 (a)) first pipes 22a extending in a substantially horizontal direction at the bottom are arranged A plurality of holes 22a1 are provided on the circumferential surface of the first pipe 22a. Further, the second pipes 22b (six shown in FIG. 5A) extending upward so as to converge at one point are arranged, and the upper end 22b1 of the second pipe 22b is opened above the fermentation chamber 20a. doing. With the above configuration, the air introduced into the raw material via the first pipe 22a is used for fermentation, and is discharged to the outside of the fermentation chamber 20a via the second pipe 22b. That is, in the fermentation container 20, the first pipe 22a corresponds to the air inlet of the container 10, and the upper end 22b1 of the second pipe 22b corresponds to the air outlet of the container 10. In addition, the shape and number of the aeration pipes 22a and 22b are merely illustrative, and any other form may be adopted as long as an air passage from the lower part to the upper part of the fermentation chamber 20a can be secured. . For example, the second pipe 22b may be vertically disposed as shown in FIG. 5B, instead of being disposed to converge at one point. Alternatively, instead of disposing the second pipe 22b in the raw material, a cavity (not shown) formed by piercing and pulling out the second pipe 22b in the raw material may be used as an air passage.

  The fermentation vessel 20 is suitable for producing a large amount of compost as compared to the fermentation vessel 10. When producing a compost using the fermentation container 20, the raw material mixed with the soil improvement material which has a starch as a main component is thrown in from the open side of the fermentation chamber 20a (refer to FIG. 4 (b)) and fermented . At that time, the exposed surface of the raw material is preferably covered with a blanket or the like (see FIG. 4 (c)).

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and they are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say,

  For example, although the container 20 provided with the conical container 10 and the rectangular fermentation chamber 20a is used in the said embodiment, you may use another shape, for example, a cylindrical container. Moreover, although the pipe for ventilation is arrange | positioned in the containers 10 and 20, when the quantity of a raw material is small (for example, several tons or less), it is not necessary to arrange these pipes.

  Furthermore, instead of preparing the containers 10, 20, the surface of the material deposited in a mountain shape may be covered with a blanket or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 fermentation container 12 air inlet 14 air outlet 16 pipe 16a upper end 16b lower end 16c through hole 20 fermentation container 22a, 22b for aeration (1st, 2nd) pipe

Claims (4)

Mixing and agitating a soil improver having a predetermined ratio mainly of starch in a raw material containing at least one of livestock excrement, sewage sludge and industrial waste sludge;
The stirred raw material is introduced into a vessel having an air inlet at the bottom and an air outlet at the top and extending in a substantially vertical direction and at least one pipe having at least the upper end and the lower end opened therein. Fermenting , and
In the step of fermenting, the air flowing in from the air inlet is warmed by the heat generation due to the fermentation of the raw material and rises in the container, and rises in the container through the pipe and thereby in the container. A method for producing compost, comprising forming an air flow from the bottom to the top to promote fermentation of the raw material . Mixing and agitating a soil improver having a predetermined ratio mainly of starch in a raw material containing at least one of livestock excrement, sewage sludge and industrial waste sludge;
At least one first pipe extending substantially horizontally at the bottom and having a plurality of holes in the circumferential surface, and at least one second pipe extending substantially vertically and having at least upper and lower ends open Introducing the stirred raw material into the fermented fermentation chamber for fermentation
In the step of fermenting, the air flowing in through the first pipe is warmed by the heat generated by the fermentation of the raw material to rise in the fermentation chamber and rise in the fermentation chamber through the second pipe. A method for producing compost, comprising forming an air flow from the bottom to the top in the room to promote fermentation of the raw material . The method for producing compost according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the content of starch in the soil conditioner is 8% by weight to 20% by weight. The compost manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the predetermined ratio is 0.05% by weight to 0.2% by weight with respect to the raw material.

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