RU2363688C1 - Preparation method for bio-organic matter and unit for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used at manufacturing of organic fertilisers, manufacturing of vermiculite. Method includes loading of substrate and worms into top tank, irrigation of substrate by water, following addition of substrate into tank and taking out of finished product. Additionally it is loaded simultaneously finished substrate with worms into top tank, substrate is hold during 1.5-2 weeks for operation stabilisation of worms, and irrigation not leas than 3 times per day of substrate's top layer by water is implemented up to moisture not less than 80%. Fluid excess is accumulated in tank for iterative irrigation of substrate, additionally finished product is received by means of leaching of humidified coprolithes, released by active working worms, and its accumulation in bottom tank. Finished product is dried up to moisture 40-50%, or up to moisture 5% for following milling. Method is implemented by means of unit, which contains top tank with cover, installed on bottom tank for accumulation of finished product with discharge window and discharge opening. Cover is implemented as air-penetrable, top tank allows bottom with openings, provided for pass of fluid and passing ensured by gravities of humidified coprolithes, released by active working worms. Bottom tank is outfitted by cellular pallet, under which it is located in the capacity of filter sandy interlayer. Unit is outfitted by additional tank for accumulation of fluid excess damping substrate.

EFFECT: creation of simple method and reliable in operation device for preparation of bio-organic matter, which doesn't contain admixtures of substrate, practically does not contain worms and cocoons, allows perfect fine-grained structure.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the production of organic fertilizers (biohumus), the production of vermiculture (industrial earthworms).

A known method of disposing of organic waste in vermicompost, which includes the preparation of the substrate by mixing components, one of which is animal waste, introducing worms and / or their cocoons into it, laying the substrate in a box or ridges and composting at a humidity of 65-80% and aeration , the separation of worms from the resulting vermicompost. As the main component, osprey is introduced into the substrate, which is a waste from the production of cardboard, in an amount of 20-80% by weight of the substrate. In addition, urea is introduced in an amount of not more than 5% of the total mass of the substrate and limestone flour in amounts providing a pH of not more than 8 (see US Pat. RF No. 2057743, IPC C05F 3/06, publ. 1996).

The disadvantages of the prototype method are multi-stage and the complexity of the process.

A fairly large number of biohumus production devices are known that use the same principle of vital activity of earthworms — their movement from an environment with a poor nutrient medium to a richer nutrient medium. This principle is implemented in devices when the movement of worms occurs from the bottom up (US Patent No. 3654903, class A01K 67/00, 1979; French patent No. 2561869, class A01K 67/00, 1985; RF patent 2033049, 6 A01K 67/033 C08F 3/06, 1992).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a biohumus module containing an upper hollow cylinder with a cover, a lower hollow cylinder for collecting the finished product with an unloading window, a flat support ring installed between the said cylinders to hold biomass in the upper cylinder, an unloading mechanism and aeration holes located in the walls of the upper and lower cylinders. The module is equipped with a heater mounted under a flat ring, and a perforated duct connected to the aeration holes is mounted along its axis (see RF Patent 2162634, IPC A01K 67/033, C05F 3/06, published on 02/10/2001 - Prototype).

The specified method and device for the production of vermicompost have the following disadvantages. Firstly, in devices based on the principle of movement of worms to richer food, the complete processing of the substrate into biohumus is not achieved, a mixture of biohumus with the substrate that the worms process is obtained. This fact requires additional devices that separate vermicompost from the unprocessed substrate. Secondly, the production of vermicompost requires constant moistening of the habitat of the worms, which is achieved by its frequent watering. In this case, due to porosity, soluble nutrients are washed out of it and carried away with the excess water, depending on the device used, into the ground or sewer. Thirdly, the substrate processed by worms contains both worms and their cocoons. Therefore, production operations must be carried out to separate these objects from the recycled substrate.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, namely the development of a simple method and reliable operation of the device for the preparation of vermicompost, which will find application in household plots, farms, in garden plots and summer cottages.

The problem is solved using the characteristics specified in the 1st paragraph of the claims common to the prototype, such as a method for preparing vermicompost, which includes loading the substrate and worms into the upper tank, irrigating the substrate with water, then adding the substrate to the tank and removing the finished product, and distinctive essential features, such as loading the finished substrate with worms at the same time into the upper tank, keeping the substrate for 1.5-2 weeks to stabilize the worms, and irrigation at least 3 times a day a substrate layer with water is carried out until humidity not less than 80%, excess liquid accumulates in the tank for repeated irrigation of the substrate, wherein the final product is obtained by washing moistened coprolites allocated actively working worm, and its accumulation at the bottom of the container.

According to claim 2, the finished product is dried to a moisture content of 40-50% or to a moisture content of 5% for subsequent grinding.

The problem is solved using the characteristics indicated in the 3rd paragraph of the claims common to the prototype, such as a plant for producing biohumus containing an upper container with a lid mounted on the lower container for collecting the finished product with a discharge window and a drain hole, and distinctive essential features, such as a cover made of breathable, the upper tank has a bottom with holes designed to allow fluid to pass through and pass through gravity moistened coprolites released by obviously working worms, and the lower tank is equipped with a mesh pan, under which a sand layer is placed as a filter, as well as an additional container for collecting excess liquid moisturizing the substrate.

The technical result of the above set of features is the creation of a simple method and a reliable device for preparing biohumus, which does not contain substrate impurities, practically does not contain worms and cocoons, and has an ideal fine-grained structure.

The proposed method for the production of biohumus uses the dynamic property of moistened coprolites secreted by actively working worms — the possibility of seepage of coprolites under the action of gravity in a porous medium.

The method is implemented using the device shown in the drawing.

Installation for producing vermicompost contains an upper container 1 with a cover 2, mounted on the lower container 3 for collecting the finished product 4 with a discharge window 5 and a drain hole 6. The cover 2 is breathable, the upper container 1 has a bottom 7 with openings 8 for fluid passage and passage due to gravity of moistened coprolites secreted by actively working worms. The lower tank 3 is equipped with a mesh tray 9, under which a sand layer 10 is placed as a filter, as well as an additional tank 11 for collecting excess fluid moisturizing the substrate.

The whole device is mounted on stands 12 and is closed by a breathable cover 2.

Installation works as follows. With the lid open, the substrate is moistened by spraying moisturizing liquid over its open surface. This liquid is filtered through the substrate, captures the coprolites allocated by the worms along the path and through the holes 8 in the bottom 7 of the upper tank 1 enters the lower tank 3. The coprolites are trapped on the mesh pan 9, and the excess liquid after passing the sand layer 10 through the drain hole 6 is discharged into the tank 11. As accumulation of biohumus 4 on the pallet 9, it is removed through the hole 5, dried to the desired humidity and used for its intended purpose. The liquid discharged into the container 11 contains a significant amount of the nutrients dissolved in it and therefore can be used to fertilize plants, and also reused to moisten the substrate.

The general process conditions are illustrated using the following example using the proposed installation.

The method of preparation of vermicompost involves loading the substrate and worms into the upper tank 1, irrigating the substrate with water, the subsequent additional addition of the substrate to the tank and the extraction of the finished product. At the same time, the ready-made substrate with worms is loaded into the upper tank, the substrate is kept for 1.5-2 weeks to stabilize the work of the worms. Irrigation at least 3 times a day of the upper layer of the substrate with water is carried out to a moisture content of at least 80%, excess liquid is accumulated in the tank 11 for repeated irrigation of the substrate, while the finished product is obtained by washing out moistened coprolites secreted by actively working worms and accumulating it in the lower tank 3.

The finished product is dried to a moisture content of 40-50% or to a moisture content of 5% for subsequent grinding. The biohumus obtained by this method does not contain substrate impurities, practically does not contain worms and cocoons, and has an ideal fine-grained structure.

The above specific example indicates the industrial applicability of the proposed technical solution.

From the description and practical application of the present invention, specialists will be obvious and other private forms of its implementation. This description and examples are considered as material illustrating the invention, the essence of which and the scope of patent claims are defined in the following claims, a combination of essential features and their equivalents.

Claims (3)

1. The method of preparation of vermicompost, including loading the substrate and the worms into the upper tank, irrigating the substrate with water, subsequent addition of the substrate to the tank and removing the finished product, characterized in that the finished substrate with the worms is loaded into the upper tank, the substrate is kept for 1.5 -2 weeks to stabilize the work of the worms, and irrigation at least 3 times a day of the upper layer of the substrate with water is carried out to a moisture content of at least 80%, excess liquid is accumulated in containers for repeated irrigation of the substrate, while the finished product obtained by washing out moistened coprolites secreted by actively working worms and accumulating it in the lower tank. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished product is dried to a moisture content of 40-50%, or to a moisture content of 5% for subsequent grinding. 3. Installation for producing biohumus, comprising an upper container with a lid installed on the lower container for collecting the finished product with a discharge window and a drain hole, characterized in that the lid is breathable, the upper tank has a bottom with holes designed to allow fluid to pass and pass account of gravity of moistened coprolites secreted by actively working worms, and the lower tank is equipped with a mesh tray, under which a sand layer is placed as a filter, as well as an additional a capacious container to collect excess moisturizing substrate fluid.

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