WO2006109968A1

WO2006109968A1 - Perfectly fermented compost and method for manufacturing thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2006109968A1
Application number: PCT/KR2006/001309
Authority: WO
Inventors: Boo-Nam Chun
Original assignee: Yoo, Tae-Chul
Priority date: 2005-04-12
Filing date: 2006-04-10
Publication date: 2006-10-19
Also published as: KR100557879B1

Abstract

Perfectly fermented compost is provided, for which animal manures that incur intense environmental pollution are processed in large quantities, to be environmentally friendly and to allow improved productivity, as well as a method and device for manufacturing perfectly fermented compost at low costs without moving locations. One aspect of the present invention may provide a method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost by fermenting manures and organic by-products, comprising providing the manures and the organic by-products at one end of a fermentation device and mixing the manures and organic by-products with a stirrer, preliminary fermentation of depositing the mixture with a stirrer and controlling the moisture content to be 80% or higher, main fermentation of repeatedly turning the preliminary fermented compost with a stirrer to supply air to the mixture and maintaining a moisture content of 75% or higher for natural fermentation, and final fermentation of repeatedly turning the main fermented compost with a stirrer to supply air to the main fermented compost for perfect natural fermentation, where the above operations are performed by collective stirring by the stirrer along the same line of a fermentation device.

Description

[DESCRIPTION]

[Invention Title]

PERFECTLY FERMENTED COMPOST AND METHOD FOR

MANUFACTURING THEREOF

[Technical Field]

The present invention relates to a method and device for manufacturing fermented

compost using livestock manures and to the fermented compost thus manufactured.

This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 2005-

0030240 filed by the applicant on Apr. 12^th, 2005. The application was registered as

Korean Patent No. 557,879 on Feb. 27^th, 2006.

[Background Art]

compost using livestock manures and to the fermented compost thus manufactured.

The conventional method of manufacturing compost may be divided mainly into

two steps. The first fermentation step (pre-composting) is a step of fermenting in a

stirring-type or ventilation-type fermenter for about 15 to 20 days. As less

decomposable matters still remain after the first fermentation step, the pre-composts of

the first fermentation step are made to undergo a second fermentation step. The second fermentation step (post-composting) is performed by taking the pre-composts of the first

fermentation step out of the fermenter and moving to the second fermentation location.

Generally in the second fermentation step, the pre-composts are piled in a suitable

height to be isolated from oxygen, whereby facultative mesophiles may be used to

remove those factors inhibiting plant growth that may exist in the materials.

To force a supply of air for fermentation in the first fermentation step (pre-

composting), the conventional method of manufacturing compost necessarily requires

an expensive fermenter equipped with a blower device. Specific examples of a

fermenter equipped with a blower device are disclosed in Korean Patent Application no.

2003-0038424 relating to a "METHOD FOR COMPOSTING FOODSTUFF WASTE

BY AEROBIC FERMENTATION AND SYSTEM USING THE SAME," Korean

Patent Application no. 2002-0028859 relating to an "AUTOMATIC AIR SUPPLY AND

DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR A COMPOST FERMENTER," and Korean Patent

Application no. 1999-0084073 relating to a "FERMENTATION METHOD OF

ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND STIRRING APPARATUS AS SAME AS."

Also, in the conventional method of manufacturing compost, frequent changes in

the fermentation conditions make it difficult to produce perfectly fermented compost.

This is seen in the compost products distributed in the past, in which there are odors

released and fungi growing, showing that they have not undergone perfect fermentation,

i.e. they are imperfectly fermented compost. When such imperfectly fermented compost is stored for long periods of time, amine or hydrogen sulphide is generated, causing

decay. Also, the use of imperfectly fermented compost has lead to the problems of

malodors produced due to ammonia gas generated by the decomposition of organic

matter, decay in the soil producing soil pollution, and increased damages due to diseases

and insects which induce excessive usage of agricultural chemicals.

Ventilation is important in the conventional method of fermenting using aerobic

microbes, so that blower devices are used to supply air, and since turning the compost

materials actually hinders the fermentation, the compost is manufactured with a

minimum amount of turning.

Moreover, in conventional compost manufacturing, unfermented supernatant and

odorous leachate portions of the manure have also been included to increase production

yields, and the imperfectly fermented compost has been merchandised, the matter of

which has been raised as a social problem. Thus, the government has established a

standard stating that the moisture content in fertilizers must be kept at 50% or lower, as

published in a nortifϊcation by the Rural Development Administration regarding

fertilizers including compost. This has resulted in compost manufacturers drying the

manufactured imperfectly fermented compost in a drying area to meet the standard

moisture content, or to reduce this drying cost, has resulted in manufacturers making

every effort only on reducing the moisture content from the initial fermentation stages.

Reducing the moisture content during the fermentation of compost makes is even more difficult to achieve perfect fermentation, whereby there has been a greater reliance on

artificial means for fermenting the compost, such as the forced injection of air and the

application of artificial fermentation additives.

[Disclosure]

[Technical Problem]

With the present invention, perfectly fermented compost is provided, for which

animal manures that incur intense environmental pollution are processed in large

quantities, to be environmentally friendly and to allow improved productivity, and

which has a moisture content of 65% or higher. Also, the invention provides a method

of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost which requires neither an expensive

blower device nor artificial fermentation additives, and which allows a continuous

process without moving locations and provides constant fermentation conditions.

[Technical Solution]

One aspect of the present invention may provide a method of manufacturing

perfectly fermented compost by fermenting manures and organic by-products,

comprising providing the manures and the organic by-products at one end of a

fermentation device and mixing the manures and organic by-products with a stirrer,

preliminary fermentation of depositing the mixture with a stirrer and controlling the moisture content to be 80% or higher, main fermentation of repeatedly turning the

preliminary fermented compost with a stirrer to supply air to the mixture and

maintaining a moisture content of 75% or higher for natural fermentation, and final

fermentation of repeatedly turning the main fermented compost with a stirrer to supply

air to the main fermented compost for perfect natural fermentation, where the above

operations are performed by collective stirring by the stirrer along the same line of a

fermentation device.

Here, the organic by-products may be one or more organic by-products selected

from a group consisting of straw, husks, bran, green plant material, leaves, sawdust,

barks, and herb residues.

In a preferred embodiment, the manures and organic by-products may be mixed in

a volume ratio of 2:3 to 3:2 in the mixing operation, and the mixture or the compost

undergoing fermentation may be moved by a particular distance and deposited from the

direction of the preliminary fermentation towards the direction of the final fermentation

with every stirring action of the stirrer in the preliminary fermentation, the main

fermentation, and the final fermentation operations.

Here, a particular amount of perfectly fermented compost may be obtained

continuously at the other end at the final fermentation side of the fermentation device,

and the time it takes for the manures and organic by-products provided at one end of the

fermentation device to undergo perfect natural fermentation and emerge at the other end of the fermentation device as perfectly fermented compost is 60 to 90 days.

Another aspect of the present invention provides perfectly fermented compost

manufactured by the above method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost.

Here, the perfectly fermented compost may have a final moisture content of 65%

or higher.

Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a device for manufacturing

perfectly fermented compost, comprising a section for providing manures and organic

by-products at one end in a particular ratio and mixing the manures and organic by¬

products with a stirrer, a preliminary fermentation section for sedimenting the mixture

with a stirrer and controlling the moisture content to be 80% or higher, a main

fermentation section for repeatedly turning the preliminary fermented compost with a

stirrer to supply air to the mixture and maintaining a moisture content of 75% or higher

for natural fermentation, and a final fermentation section for repeatedly turning the main

fermented compost with a stirrer to supply air to the main fermented compost for perfect

natural fermentation, where the sections are positioned along the same line to allow

collective stirring by the stirrer.

[Advantageous Effects]

As described above, with the perfectly fermented compost and the method of

manufacturing perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention, perfect fermentation of organic matter is achieved, so that there is no ammonia gas generated

and hence no malodors, and there is no decaying even when left alone for long periods

of time. Also, perfectly fermented compost and a method of manufacturing perfectly

fermented compost may be obtained that are environmentally friendly, as the leachate of

compost is also devoid of malodors and may be used as a liquid fertilizer.

The moisture content of the perfectly fermented compost based on the present

invention without the leachate portion is 65% or higher, and using a mixture of soil and

the perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention in a volume ratio of 7:3

allows a faster rootage compared to seedlings cultivated with bed soil for seedbeds.

Also, the fast rooting after rice-planting (transplantation) leads to a healthy growth of

crops, with less damage due to diseases and insects than in cases where regular compost

is used, to allow organic cultivation with little or no agricultural chemicals.

Further, it is best that the perfectly fermented compost based on the present

invention be used to supply nutrition to crops, as all of the necessary nutrients form

chelate bonds with the perfectly fermented compost to allow a safe supply of nutrition

to the crops. In particular, perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention

having animal manure as an ingredient is abundant in phosphorus, and hence using only

the perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention, without using chemical

phosphorus fertilizers, allows a sufficient supply of phosphorus. This is the best method

of preventing damage due to diseases and insects. Also, perfectly fermented compost is superior in terms of aeration and moistening,

so that the soil is quickly transformed into a granular structure, to provide good physical

properties. The soil with good physical properties has high fertility, so that the crops

better endure rainy and draught seasons. The compost based on the present invention

has an adequate C:N ratio, so that crops take root well for fast rootage, while an

adequate amount may be used even when cultivating crops that need a low amount of

nitrogen, and nitrogen may freely be supplemented for crops that need a high amount of

nitrogen, so that the amount of nitrogen may readily be adjusted according to the crop.

Crops cultivated using the perfectly fermented compost based on the present

invention have a good inherent taste and are also superior in terms of storage, so that the

crops may be kept fresh for long periods of time. Although the amount used of the

compost based on the present invention may differ according to the crop, using a large

amount in the beginning and controlling the amount according to changes in the soil

lead to a superior fertilizing effect.

Moreover, since the perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention

uses animal manures, which induce intense environmental pollution, as main

ingredients of the compost, animal manures may be processed in large amounts while

manufacturing perfectly fermented compost throughout which a variety of nutrients are

distributed. Thus, the burden may be lessened for livestock farmers of processing

animal manures, while crop farmers may conveniently use perfectly fermented high quality compost.

Also, the method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost based on the

present invention does not require a fermenter equipped with an expensive blower

device and hence allows the manufacture of compost at low costs. In addition, as each

operation of the manufacture is performed collectively along the same line without

moving pre-composts for main-fermentation, perfectly fermented compost may be

obtained of a consistently uniform quality. Further, the manufacturing method is not

complicated, so that little manpower is required.

[Description of Drawings]

Fig. 1 is an illustration of a fermentation device with which a method of

manufacturing perfectly fermented compost may be applied according to a preferred

embodiment of the present invention; and

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost

according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

10 : fermentation device 110 : mixing section

120 : preliminary fermentation section 130 : main fermentation section

140 : final fermentation section 111 : unit section

131a, 131b, 131c, 131d, 131e, 131f : unit sections of main fermentation section 141a, 141b : unit sections of final fermentation section

[Mode for Invention]

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of perfectly fermented compost and a method

of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention will be

described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Also, before

discussing the preferred embodiments of the invention, the raw materials used in the

invention will first be described.

In the present invention, "natural fermentation" refers to such fermentation in

which there are no artificial control of temperature or humidity, no fermentation

accelerators or fermentation additives, and no forced injection of air such as by using a

blower device.

Also, the "final moisture content" refers to the moisture content of the perfectly

fermented compost after the method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost

based on the present invention has been applied thereto.

Since the present invention relates to a fermentation technique using anaerobic

microbes, a high water content is required. This uses a different fermentation principle

from conventional fermentation which uses aerobic microbes. That is, with the present

invention that uses anaerobic microbes, many rounds of turning are required, as this

allows an even vertical mixing of the raw materials and keeps the fermentation conditions constant. Also, in the present invention, changes in the fermentation

conditions are kept little via a collective process from the inserting of the raw materials

to the retrieving, so that the fermentation may be performed in a uniform manner. Thus,

perfectly fermented compost may be obtained having a constant level of quality.

The raw materials for the present invention are manures and organic by-products.

Examples of the manures may include human feces, cow manure, pig manure, chicken

manure, and other animal manures. The organic by-products may be straw, husks, bran,

green plant material, leaves, sawdust, barks, or herb residues, among which sawdust is

preferable, as it is easy to obtain and may be stably supplied in large quantities. Sawdust

is especially preferable for the organic by-product, as it may also perform the function

of adjusting the amount of moisture during the mixing operation.

Fig. 1 is an illustration of a fermentation device with which a method of

embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, the fermentation device 10

may be divided into a mixing section 110, a preliminary fermentation section 120, a

main fermentation section 130, and a final fermentation section 140, in correspondence

to each operation of the method of manufacturing compost. Each of these sections are

merely arbitrary distinctions of the fermentation device along the same line, and in

practice, a collective stirring operation is performed from one end to the other of the

fermentation device. Here, each section may in turn be divided into unit sections 111 of equal lengths,

where the mixing section 110 may occupy four unit sections 111, the preliminary

fermentation section 120 may also occupy four unit sections 111, the main fermentation

section 130 may occupy six unit sections 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d, 131e, 131f, and the

final fermentation section 140 may occupy two unit sections 141a, 141b. The number of

unit sections represent the time it takes to pass through the corresponding section. That

is, it takes the longest time to pass through the main fermentation section 150 in the

fermentation device 10.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost

according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 2, the

manures and organic by-products are mixed in a particular ratio in operation SIlO, and

in operation S 120 this mixture is deposited to be level with the height of the main

fermentation section with moisture control performed thereto in the preliminary

fermentation section. Operation S 130 is the operation in which this moisture controlled

mixture is main fermented and which occupies the longest time. Finally in operation

S 140, perfect fermentation is completed for the main fermented compost, which stands

by for sorting and packaging. Although it is not illustrated in Fig. 2, a sorting operation,

for removing foreign substances and impurities that are non-decomposable, and a

packaging operation, for merchandising the completed compost, may further be

included in operation S 140. Perfectly fermented compost and a method of manufacturing perfectly fermented

compost have been described in the foregoing with reference to general illustrative

drawings, and descriptions will now be given of perfectly fermented compost and a

method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost based on the present invention

with reference to specific examples.

1) Example 1

A fermentation device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present

invention was manufactured to have a length of 80m, a width of 8m, and a depth of

1.5m. This fermentation device may in turn be divided into sixteen unit sections 111,

each unit section having a length of 5m. The time it takes (hereinafter referred to as

"fermentation duration") for the raw materials, including manures and organic by¬

products, to be inserted at one end of the fermentation device, pass through the

fermentation device for perfect fermentation, and be retrieved at the other end of the

fermentation device, is about 60 days in summer and about 90 days in winter. That is,

the average fermentation duration is about 75 days.

At the inlet in the mixing operation, raw materials are further inserted in an amount

corresponding to the amount of raw materials inserted and passing through the mixing

operation to proceed to the next section, and in the final fermentation section a constant

amount of perfectly fermented compost may be obtained every day. Thus, perfectly

fermented compost having a constant level of quality may be obtained throughout the year. A fermentation device having such dimensions as above may produce 2500 to

3000 tons of perfectly fermented compost a year.

During the entire process, from the inserting of the raw materials into the

fermentation device to obtaining perfectly fermented compost, a minimum of 50 stirring

actions are performed by a stirrer, where such stirring actions are performed collectively

along the same line of the fermentation device. That is, one stirring action starts at the

end side of the final fermentation section of the fermentation device and finishes at the

starting side of the mixing operation. A stirrer for performing such stirring actions may

be a rotary type, escalate type, screw type, or pad type. With the present invention, use

of the escalate type stirrer is preferred. Specific descriptions will now be given of a

for each of the sections.

(1) Mixing Section

Pig manure and sawdust were used as raw materials. The pig manure was used

without separating the supernatant and sludge, and the sawdust was used without

reprocessing as obtained from a woodworker or a sawmill. The pig manure and sawdust

were mixed in a volume ratio of 1 : 1. Here, if there is little moisture in the sawdust in the

mixture, pig manure may further be added up to a volume percentage of 10%, and if

there is excessive moisture, sawdust may further be added up to a volume percentage of 10%. This is for adjusting the moisture content of the mixture to be 85 to 90%. Thus, a

preferable mixing ratio, by volume of pig manure to sawdust, which provides such a

moisture content is 2:3 to 3:2. The stirrer operates to mix the pig manure and sawdust

uniformly.

About 14 to 15 days will be spent in the mixing section in summer, while 22 to 23

days will be spent in winter.

(2) Preliminary Fermentation Section

This section deposits the mixture to be level with the height of the main

fermentation section and controls the moisture content. The preferred moisture content

to which the mixture is to be controlled in this section is 80% or higher. To make the

height of the mixture be level with the height of the main fermentation section, there is a

greater number of stirring of the stirrer than in the main fermentation section. About 14

to 15 days will be spent in this preliminary fermentation section in summer, while 22 to

23 days will be spent in winter. Measure values of moisture content and temperature in

the preliminary fermentation section are listed in Table 2. The moisture content and

C.E.C. of the mixture after passing through the preliminary fermentation section and

immediately before entering the main fermentation section 131a were measured and are

listed in Table 3. (3) Main Fermentation Section

This is the section in which the moisture controlled mixture undergoes main

fermentation. With the present invention, fermentation occurs under natural conditions,

even without artificially controlling moisture or temperature. As listed in Table 1, as the

fermentation occurs for manures and organic by-products, i.e. as heat is generated due

to the decomposition, a temperature condition suitable for fermentation is created. Also,

as the moisture content of the moisture controlled mixture exceeds 80%, and the

moisture content is maintained at 75% or higher in the main fermentation section, there

is a sufficient amount of moisture for main fermentation. Hence, it is not necessary to

artificially control the moisture or temperature. Measure values of moisture content and

temperature in the main fermentation section are listed in Table 2 for each unit section.

Table 1. Decomposition Rate and Generated Decomposition Heat of Raw Materials ⁽¹⁾

(⁽¹⁾ the decomposition rate is an averaged value from the beginning of fermentation

to 20-25 days; livestock testing site, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Japan)

Also, fermentation occurs even without forced injection of air with a blower device.

This is because air is supplied into the mixture as the stirrer advances and turns the

mixture in which fermentation has not yet started.

Also, no fermentation accelerators or artificial fermentation additives were used,

besides compost.

The number of such stirring actions may be determined by examining the state of

fermentation, and in summer when fermentation occurs more actively this number

would be greater, while in winter when fermentation occurs less actively this number

would be reduced. Preferably, the stirrer may be operated every day in summer, three to

four times a week in spring and autumn, and about twice a week in winter, with four

repetitions per operation. Setting the stirrer so that the stirred depth is 1.35m may

prevent the stirrer from colliding with the bottom of the fermentation device while

turning and depositing the entirety of the compost in the same section.

As the stirrer operates in a particular direction, i.e. from the direction of the final

fermentation section towards the direction of the preliminary fermentation section, the compost undergoing fermentation is slowly moved 1.7m and deposited in a direction

opposite to the advancing direction of the stirrer, i.e. from the direction of the

preliminary fermentation section towards the direction of the final fermentation section,

with every round of operation of the stirrer. Thus, the compost undergoing fermentation

is moved at the same time it is fermented. About 22 to 23 days are spent in the main

fermentation section in summer, and about 33 to 35 days are spent in winter.

The moisture content of the compost passing through the main fermentation

section is maintained at 75% or higher. The compost was sampled between main

fermentation sections 13 Id and 13 Ie, and the moisture content and C.E.C. were

measured. The results are listed in Table 3.

(4) Final Fermentation Section

The main fermented compost was fermented about 90%, and in the final

fermentation section, the compost undergoes perfect natural fermentation and stands by

for the optional post-processing operations of sorting and packaging. Stirring actions are

performed for this section also, where the stirring actions are performed collectively

with the main fermentation section. The stirring conditions are equal to the stirring

conditions of the main fermentation section. The main fermentation section and the

perfect fermentation section are merely arbitrary distinctions for convenient description,

and in an actual manufacturing process, the perfect fermentation section is continued from the main fermentation section through a continuous process. The measured values

of moisture content and temperature of the perfect fermentation section are listed in

Table 2.

About 7 to 8 days are spent in the final fermentation section in summer, and about

11 to 12 days are spent in winter. The final moisture content of the perfectly fermented

compost is 65% or higher.

When the moisture content of perfectly fermented compost is 65 to 70%, the

moistening rate of the perfectly fermented compost itself is superior, so that there is no

separate leachate discharged. When the moisture content of perfectly fermented

compost is 70% or higher, leachate is separated and discharged, but as the discharged

leachate is also a perfectly fermented by-product, it has no odors and contains nitrogen

and organics suitable for use as a liquid fertilizer.

The perfectly fermented compost that has passed through the final fermentation

section was sampled, and the moisture content and C.E.C. were measured, which are

listed in Table 3. Also, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, which are the

most important elements for a fertilizer, were measured in the leachate discharged from

this section and are listed in Table 4.

Table 2. Moisture Content and Temperature for Each Section of the Fermentation

Device Final

Preliminary Sorting

Mixing Main Fermentation Section Fermentation

Fermentation StandSection Section

Section by

131313IbISlCnIdISIeISIf 141a 141b

Moisture

85 to 90 85 to 80 80 to 77 77 to 75 75 to 70 70 to 61 67 Content (%)

Temperature Normal Normal Normal

40 to 60 70 to 80 55 to 60 30 to 40

CC) Temp. Temp. Temp.

Table 3. Sample Analysis for Each Section of Example 1

Here, ⁽²⁾ moisture content (%) : according to wet sample weight equation Total weight of wet sample(kg)- Total weight of dry sample(kg)

Total weight of wet sample(kg) 100

C.E.C (cation exchange capacity): the ability to adsorb cations by the action of a

soil colloid is referred to cation exchange capacity or base exchange capacity, which

represents the equivalent amount for the total amount of exchangeable ions contained in

a particular amount of soil, and is equal to the number of sites available, i.e. the number

of negative charges, for hydrogen ions to be exchanged with cations per lOOg of soil,

and is represented in mg-equivalent weight.

Table 4. Leachate Analysis Results ⁽⁴⁾

(⁽⁴⁾ follows fertilizer analysis method of the Rural Development Administration)

(5) Perfectly Fermented Compost

Perfectly fermented compost obtained in a preferred embodiment of the present

invention was sampled after the sorting operation and during stand-by for packaging,

and the moisture content and C.E.C. were measured. The measurements are listed in

Table 3. As seen also in the analysis results, the moisture content of perfectly fermented compost is 65% or higher. Table 5 shows the results of three times analyzing the

components of perfectly fermented compost obtained by Example 1. A comparison

between Results 1 and 3 show that the analysis results are almost constant for the

resulting products obtained during a period of over 1 year by the method such as

described in Example 1. Thus, it is seen that perfectly fermented compost may be

manufactured stably by the manufacturing method based on the present invention. Table

6 represent the results of toxicity testing from the livestock farming laboratory at the

National Agricultural Cooperative Federation. Hazardous germs such as Salmonella,

Listeria monocytogenes, or Staphylococcus aureus were not detected.

Table 5. Analysis Results of Perfectly Fermented Compost ⁽⁵⁾

(5) analysis method: follows fertilizer analysis method posted by the Rural

Development Administration

⁽⁶⁾ pH, electrical conductivity: diluted 1 :10

⁽⁷⁾ received test result notification dated Aug. 31 , 2004, from A and F Corporation

(Korea)

(8) received test result notification dated May 9, 2005, from A and F Corporation

(Korea)

⁽⁹⁾ received fertilizer component analysis grades dated Dec. 15, 2005, from the

National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (Korea) Table 6. Toxicity Test of Perfectly Fermented Compost ⁽¹⁰⁾

⁽¹⁰⁾ analysis results of the livestock farming laboratory of the Korean National

Agricultural Cooperative Federation, dated Dec. 14, 2005

2) Example 2

The fermentation device 10 was manufactured to have a length of 120m, a width of

10m, and a depth of 1.8m. With this fermentation device, the output may roughly be doubled compared to Example 1, and may produce 5000 to 6000 tons of perfectly

fermented compost a year. Although the fermentation duration is the same as in

Example 1, the area of the overall fermentation device is greater, so that when raw

materials are inserted and pass through the fermentation device to be retrieved as

perfectly fermented compost, the unit output is doubled. The specific processes for each

section are the same as in Example 1, with the exception that the stirring depth during

the stirring actions is 1.5m to 1.65m.

3) Comparative Example 1

The moisture content and degree of decay of imperfectly fermented compost

produced by conventional pre-composting and post-composting were measured and are

listed in Table 7. The criteria for the degree of decay are odor and the degree of fly

attraction, with observations performed for a pile at normal temperature every two

weeks.

Table 7

It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing

embodiments and that various changes may be made by those skilled in the art without

departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

[CLAIMS]

[Claim 1 ]

A method of manufacturing perfectly fermented compost by fermenting manures

and organic by-products, the method comprising:

providing the manures and the organic by-products at one end of a fermentation

device and mixing the manures and organic by-products with a stirrer;

preliminary fermentation, of depositing the mixture with a stirrer and controlling

the moisture content to be 80% or higher;

main fermentation, of repeatedly turning the preliminary fermented compost with a

stirrer to supply air to the mixture, and maintaining a moisture content of 75% or higher

for natural fermentation; and

final fermentation, of repeatedly turning the main fermented compost with a stirrer

to supply air to the main fermented compost for perfect natural fermentation,

wherein the above operations are performed by collective stirring by the stirrer

along the same line of a fermentation device.

[Claim 2]

The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic by-products are one or more organic

by-products selected from a group consisting of straw, husks, bran, green plant material,

leaves, sawdust, barks, and herb residues.

[Claim 3]

The method of claim 1 , wherein in the mixing operation, the manures and organic

by-products are mixed in a volume ratio of 2:3 to 3:2.

[Claim 4]

The method of claim 1, wherein in the preliminary fermentation, the main

fermentation, and the final fermentation operations, the mixture or the compost

undergoing fermentation is moved by a particular distance and deposited from the

direction of the preliminary fermentation towards the direction of the final fermentation,

with every stirring action of the stirrer.

[Claim 5]

The method of claim 1, wherein at the other end at the final fermentation side of

the fermentation device, a particular amount of perfectly fermented compost is obtained

continuously.

[Claim 6]

The method of claim 1, wherein the time it takes for the manures and organic by¬

products provided at one end of the fermentation device to undergo perfect natural

fermentation and emerge at the other end of the fermentation device as perfectly fermented compost is 60 to 90 days.

[Claim 7]

The perfectly fermented compost manufactured by the method of claim 1.

[Claim 8]

The perfectly fermented compost of claim 7, wherein the perfectly fermented

compost has a final moisture content of 65% or higher.

[Claim 9]

A device for manufacturing perfectly fermented compost, the device comprising:

a section for providing manures and organic by-products at one end in a particular

ratio and mixing the manures and organic by-products with a stirrer;

a preliminary fermentation section for depositing the mixture with a stirrer and

controlling the moisture content to be 80% or higher;

a main fermentation section for repeatedly turning the preliminary fermented

compost with a stirrer to supply air to the mixture, and maintaining a moisture content

of 75% or higher for natural fermentation; and

a final fermentation section for repeatedly turning the main fermented compost

with a stirrer to supply air to the main fermented compost for perfect natural fermentation,

wherein the sections are positioned along the same line to allow collective stirring

by the stirrer.