RU2229782C1 - Method for increasing of soil fertility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, improvement of soil fertility in agricultural biology. SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting and spreading straw; plowing-in spread straw into soil together with fertilizers, with mixture of distillery dregs used in an amount of 150-200 l/hectare and mineral water used in an amount of 50-60 l/hectare being employed as fertilizers. Method allows costs for mechanized processing to be reduced by 3-4 times. EFFECT: reduced expenses for mineral fertilizer, reduced number of passes by farm units over field and, accordingly, decreased soil compaction. 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can find application in improving soil fertility in biological farming.

There is a method of increasing soil fertility by plowing straw of winter crops (Rusakova I.V. et al. Straw - an important factor in the biologization of agriculture // "Agriculture", No. 1, 2003, p.9).

In the known method, straw mineralization is slow, especially with a lack of moisture in the autumn and summer after harvesting winter ears. Lack of mineral fertilizers reduces straw decomposition.

There is a method in which straw is smelled together with mineral fertilizers in the spring to a certain depth (patent No. 2050763, A 01 B 79/02, 13/16, 1995). However, with this method, the cost of mineral fertilizers is increased.

The closest technical solution is a method in which straw is embedded in the soil in combination with nitrogen fertilizer. In this method, nitrogen stimulates the humification process, increases the yield of agricultural crops (Nurmukhametov N.M. Straw and green manure are important means of increasing the microbiological activity of the soil // "Agriculture", No. 6, 2001, p.14).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the mineralization and decomposition of straw residues is slow, especially with a lack of moisture in the summer-autumn period. The introduced nitrogen fertilizers during the winter period decompose straw by 40-50%. In addition, for cultivating the crop that follows in the crop rotation and its full development, other micro- and macroelements are also needed that increase soil fertility and yield of sown crops. All this reduces the efficiency of the method and increases the cost of fertilizers.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method and soil fertility.

This goal is achieved by the fact that as a fertilizer for the mineralization of straw using a mixture of alcohol stillage in the range of 150-200 l / ha and mineral water in an amount of 50-60 l / ha.

The method is as follows.

Alcohol bard - a waste of the alcohol industry after purification and deposition contains: nitrate nitrogen 17.5 mg / l, nitrite 186 mg / l, zinc 0.011 mg / l, nickel 0.002 mg / l, manganese 0.011 mg / l, silver 0.00001 mg / l, cobalt 0.017 mg / l, vanadium 0.006 mg / l, iron 0.6 mg / l.

Nitrogen compounds (nitrates and nitrites) contained in the bard completely replace nitrogen fertilizers introduced in the amount of 30 kg / ha of active substance.

In addition to these elements, the bard contains (% dry matter): protein 25-28, nitrogen-free substances 40-42, fat 5-6, fiber 13-18, ash 7-6. These substances contribute to the development of the entire microflora of the soil.

Bard alcohol has an acidic reaction (pH 4.8-5.2). With the help of straw (about 5-6 t / ha), which has an alkaline reaction, acidification of the soil does not occur, only the process of its decomposition is accelerated. At higher doses (more than 200 l / ha), the soil is acidified, which negatively affects the development of sown crops and the activity of soil microflora.

It enhances the decomposition of straw and mineral water (source of the village of Zamankul of the Republic of North Ossetia), which has (in m ² / dm ³ ): sodium 25000, boron 180, iodine 65, bromine 330, lithium 56, rubidium 4.2, cesium 0.58, chlorides 43000 (data from the laboratory of the Center for Water Resources of the Russian Federation, North Ossetia-Alania, accreditation certificate No.ROSS RU. 0001. 511743).

Complementing the composition of the distillery stillage, mineral water enriches the nutrient medium of the treated area. The reaction is alkaline (pH 8.2).

The rationale for the dose of 50-60 l / ha is due to the number of trace elements contained in mineral water and alcohol and necessary for the enrichment of microflora in the soil.

The combined actions of mineral water and alcohol stillage cause synergism in the action of the accelerated decomposition of straw with its simultaneous enrichment with trace elements. With this agricultural method, a significant amount of stillage is utilized and the cost of mineral fertilizers is reduced. Mineral water from natural sources is also low cost and environmentally friendly. A mixture of two components: stillage and mineral water accelerates the process of mineralization of the soil. Elements of this mixture are completely absorbed by the soil complex, without being released into the air. Such enriched straw is re-included in the cycle of mineral and organic nutrition of plants to form a new plant biomass and obtain a higher yield.

Decaying, straw under the action of elements contained in alcohol bard and mineral water (chlorides, boron, sodium, etc.) reduces the development of phytopathogens and the number of rodents. During the autumn-winter period, it does not pollute the soil with a high concentration of nitrate and nitrogen compounds, organic phosphorus and potassium. The introduction of enriched straw into the soil contributes to the development of soil fauna, improves the agrochemical and physical properties of the soil, causes the intensive decomposition of cellulose-decomposing microflora, free-living and symbiotic nitrogen fixers, ammonifiers, and also increases the overall biological activity of the soil.

Example 1. During the harvesting of winter wheat when threshing grain with a Niva-5 combine, straw was chopped with a length of 5-10 cm and spread evenly throughout the field. The crushed straw was watered with a mixture of alcohol stillage (150 l / ha) and mineral water (50 l / ha). After 1-2 days, the field was discoded to a depth of 8-12 cm for further decomposition in the soil. In the spring, leguminous crops were sown.

Example 2. Chopped straw after harvesting was left for 2-3 weeks to protect the soil from drying out, after which it was sprayed with a mixture of alcohol stillage (200 l / ha) and mineral water (60 l / ha), followed by cultivation and incorporation of straw into the soil. In the spring, potatoes were planted.

When using the proposed agricultural method, the cost of mineral fertilizers is reduced, the number of aggregate transitions in the field is reduced, soil compaction is reduced, the cost of mechanized processing is reduced by 3-4 times.

These results are summarized in tables 1 and 2.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing soil fertility, including cutting and spreading straw, incorporating it into the soil with fertilizers, characterized in that a mixture of alcohol stillage in the amount of 150-200 l / ha and mineral water in the amount of 50-60 l / ha is used as fertilizer.

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