RU2469993C1 - Agent for preplanting treatment of seeds and foliar treatment of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: agent for preplanting treatment of seeds and foliar treatment of crops comprises composition of magnesium macroelement and microelements in the form of copper, zinc, boron (on element), iron, molybdenum (on element), cobalt, vanadium (on element) and manganese. At the same time magnesium and all microelements, except for vanadium, molybdenum and boron are presented in chelated form. The agent is presented in the form of two separate aqueous solutions with the following content of the initial components, in wt %: solution 1 - copper - 0.6-2.8, zinc - 0.9-2.7, iron -0.3-0.5, cobalt - 0.08-0.26, magnesium -1.3 -3.0, manganese - 0.25-2.3, water - the rest; solution 2 - molybdenum - 0.54-1.2, vanadium - 0.07-0.11, boron - 0.15-0.5, water - the rest.

EFFECT: improvement of parameters of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation which helps to increase the yield and improve the quality of crops, and expansion of range of produced agents containing complex of microelements in chelated form.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to nutritious mixtures for treating seeds and vegetative organs of plants of agricultural crops, and can be used in pre-sowing agrotechnical measures and foliar top dressing of crops to produce a high quality crop.

The search for technical solutions that make it possible to obtain complex fertilizers containing macro- and micronutrients is becoming urgent, while macronutrients provide plants in the initial stage of growth with essential biophile elements, and the role of microelements is to optimize the mineral nutrition of plants by stimulating metabolic processes in seedlings (see US Pat. CA No. 1149628, RU 2370956).

However, scientific studies have established that the assimilation of exogenous substances, namely micro and macro elements introduced from outside, depends on endogenous biochemical processes occurring in seeds and seedlings. That is, for a more complete assimilation of nutrient complexes, it is necessary to activate their delivery (transportation) processes to a biological object and increase the susceptibility of the object to assimilation due to the activation of internal biochemical processes.

All of the above leads to insufficient efficiency of micro- and macro-element nutrition of seeds and seedlings, which significantly reduces the yield of crops.

It should also be noted that patents are known from the prior art that describe liquid complex fertilizers containing macroelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), as well as easily digestible microelements in chelated form (see, for example, EA patent No. 013014 "Liquid complex fertilizer with chelated forms of microelements and the method of its production ”, (applicant and patent holder: NIRUP“ Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and OJSC “Gomel Chemical Plant”, publ. 02.28.2008). In accordance with the description of this patent, the use of mic trace elements: copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt in chelate form in a certain ratio together with a basic solution of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, which leads to increased yield of vegetable and agricultural crops.

It is known that elements in the chelate form (the activity of trace elements in organic compounds increases manyfold compared with the inorganic ionic state) are necessary for physiological and biochemical processes in a plant and enhance the natural immunity of plants. When a chelate is formed, the anion slows down, and the metal ion is neutralized and therefore the chelate has no electric charge. Thus, the metal passes through the plant more easily (US No. 4169717, publ. 02.10.79 g.).

The closest analogue of the claimed technical solution is a tool for foliar processing of crops, which contains a composition of trace elements in the form of copper, zinc, boron, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium, selenium, nickel, lithium and manganese and a composition of trace elements in the form of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and sulfur with the following ingredients, wt.%: total nitrogen 0.49 ± 0.01, manganese 0.29 ± 0.01, copper 0.64 ± 0.01, zinc 1.36 ± 0.01, boron 0.15 ± 0.05, magnesium 0.89 ± 0.05, iron 0.4 ± 0.01, molybdenum 0.44 ± 0.002, cobalt 0.084 ± 0.003, chromium 0.27 ± 0.015, selenium 0.09 ± 0.001, nickel 0.006 ± 0.0001, lithium 0.04 ± 0.001, potassium 0.06 ± 0.002, sulfur 5.04 ± 0.001, while the trace elements zinc, copper, nickel, iron and cobalt are presented in chelated form. Additionally, the tool contains urea (see patent RU No. 2377227, publ. 12/27/2009).

However, this tool relates to nutrient mixtures for processing only the vegetative organs of plants of agricultural crops and does not affect their development from the time of sowing to the tillering phase (2-3 weeks), and also does not affect the development of the root zone.

Moreover, the use of urea (nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and sulfur) in the composition leads to increased labor costs in the manufacture of a working solution and an increase in its cost.

The objective of the invention is to create a new tool that can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of vegetative plants, which allows to increase the enzyme activity of the embryo, accelerate the formation of primary root mass and seedlings, improve the quality of agricultural products and increase productivity, as well as reduce labor costs in manufacturing working staff and get an economic effect in its production.

The technical result of the invention is to stimulate increased photosynthesis of plants and nitrogen fixation in the root zone, accelerate the passage of the initial phases of plant development, maintain a high level of biochemical reactions from the moment of sowing to the maturation of the crop.

The problem is solved in that the tool for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar treatment of crops contains an aqueous composition of trace elements in the form of copper, zinc, boron, iron, molybdenum, cobalt and manganese, while trace elements zinc, copper, iron and cobalt are presented in chelated form , according to the invention, it additionally contains vanadium (by element) and magnesium, and manganese and magnesium in chelate form with the following content of the starting components in two compositions in wt.%:

Copper (chelated) 0.6-2.8 Zinc (in chelated form) 0.9-2.7 Iron (in chelated form) 0.3-0.5 Cobalt (in chelated form) 0.08-0.26 Magnesium (in chelated form) 1.3-3.0 Manganese (in chelated form) 0.25-2.3 Molybdenum (by element) 0.54-1.2 Vanadium (by element) 0.07-0.11 Boron (by element) 0.15-0.5 Water rest

The product has the form of two separate aqueous compounds, namely: copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, magnesium, manganese and molybdenum, vanadium, boron, which are mixed immediately before use.

An additional introduction of vanadium to the composition of the agent significantly increases the chlorophyll content in plants, with the participation of which the photosynthesis process is carried out, and the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by microorganisms is also improved.

The proposed tool can be used for seed treatment before sowing and foliar fertilizing of crops, which eliminates the introduction of fertilizers containing macronutrients into the soil, stimulates plant growth and development, enriches the soil cover with necessary trace elements, and also increases the nitrogen-fixing and photosynthetic activity of crops.

All this together increases the biological potential of the soil-plant system, which is manifested in an increase in the yield of grain crops due to an increase in the number of productive stems per unit area, an increase in the size of the ear and mass of grains, and an increase in the quality of the crop due to the additional amount of protein and gluten. In this case, the emergence phase and the tillering phase occurs earlier by 4 days (compared with the prototype).

This complex allows you to increase nitrogen fixation, which is especially important for non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, which takes place, including on cereals, the most popular in Russia.

In addition, it provides a high effect of photosynthesis and allows plants that are not capable of symbiosis with nodules to provide themselves with atmospheric nitrogen, due to non-specific nitrogen fixation.

As a result of the studies, an assessment was made of the level of nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in cereals and legumes after seed treatment with the claimed agent. Plants of the Adygei pea variety and spring wheat of the Kurskaya 2038 variety were grown on gray forest soil, while all plants increased 1.5 times the biomass, the length of the plants increased for the peas, the chlorophyll content of the pea leaves increased by 24%, and spring wheat an average of 40%.

The following are examples and results of the use of the claimed means and known means for presowing and non-root treatment of spring wheat (see tables 1, 2, 3).

Example 1. Control (treatment with water, without treatment of seeds and plants with fertilizers).

Example 2. The inventive tool for presowing treatment of seeds and foliar treatment of plants.

To obtain a solution of 1 (photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing complex) in 7.49 liters of warm water (t≈40 ° C), 0.2 kg of Trilon B is dissolved, 0.22 kg of ferric chloride is added, stirred until complete dissolution, 1.4 kg is introduced of vitriol, stirred until complete dissolution, add cobalt sulfate of 0.096 kg, 1.45 kg of zinc sulfate, mix, add magnesium sulfate in the amount of 1.42 kg, 0.098 kg of manganese sulfate, mix until the salts are completely dissolved.

To prepare solution 2 (protective-stimulating complex) in 8.73 l of warm water (t≈40 ° C), 0.175 kg of trilon B is dissolved, 0.125 kg of boric acid and 0.14 kg of sodium tetraborate are added, mixed until completely dissolved, 0.019 is added kg of ammonium vanadium, add 0.108 kg of ammonium molybdate and mix until the salts are completely dissolved.

The resulting solutions have the following composition:

Solution 1: Cu - 2.8%, Zn - 2.6%, Mn - 0.25%, Fe - 0.36%, Co - 0.18%, MgO - 1.8%

Solution 2: Mo - 0.54%, B - 0.35%, V - 0.076%.

Each of the solutions is respectively dissolved in 1 liter of water and stored until use in separate containers of chemically inert material (for example, glass, polyethylene).

Example 3. The inventive tool for presowing and non-root treatment. To obtain a solution of 1 (photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing complex) in 10.1 L of warm water (t≈40 ° C), 0.112 kg of Trilon B is dissolved, 0.19 kg of iron sulfate is added, stirred until complete dissolution, 1.2 kg of magnesium sulfate is added , 0.97 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.64 kg of copper sulfate and cobalt of sulfate 0.08 kg, stirred until complete dissolution, make manganese sulfate in the amount of 0.91 kg and stirred until the salts are completely dissolved.

To prepare solution 2 (protective-stimulating complex), 0.08 kg of Trilon B is dissolved in 9.02 L of warm water (t≈40 ° C), 0.18 kg of boric acid is added and mixed, 0.108 kg of ammonium molybdenum acid, ammonium vanadium acid are added 0.017 kg and mix until the salts are completely dissolved. The resulting solutions have the following composition:

Solution 1: iron - 0.33%; zinc - 2.0%; Manganese - 0.27%; cobalt - 0.15%; magnesium - 1.6%; copper - 1.5%.

Solution 2: boron - 0.3%; molybdenum - 0.54%; vanadium - 0.07%.

Each of the solutions is respectively dissolved in 1 liter of water and stored until use in separate containers of chemically inert material (for example, glass, polyethylene).

The preparation of the working solution according to examples 2 and 3 in agricultural production is as follows.

For pre-sowing seed treatment before use, solutions 1 and 2 are mixed in equal proportions based on the calculation of application: 2 l per 1 ton of seeds in example 2 and 0.05 l per 1 ton of seeds in example 3. In the seed dressing tank, filled with ½ water with stirring solution 1 is introduced (10 liters per 10 tons of seeds). Then add a solution of 2 (10 liters per 10 tons of seeds), as the tank is filled, the required amount of pesticides is introduced according to the flow rate.

For foliar treatment of vegetative plants, the consumption rate of the preparation is 0.1 l / ha according to example 2 and 0.02 l / ha according to example 3. Solution 1 is added to the sprayer tank with ½ water while stirring and 0.1 l / ha is added and added solution 2 at the rate of 0.1 l / ha. With further filling of the tank with water, the required amount of pesticides is administered according to their flow rates.

Foliar treatment of plants was carried out in the phases of tillering and exit to the tube.

The analysis of the data according to example 3, presented in tables (1, 2, 3), showed that a decrease in the consumption of the working solution of the claimed drug for presowing seed treatment and non-root treatment of plants leads to a decrease in all indicators, including yield and profit.

Example 4. The drug Rexolin ABC (manufacturer: company "Akzo Nobel", Holland www. Agrifleks / ru).

This drug is intended for presowing treatment of seeds and foliar fertilizing and has the following composition:

manganese 4.0%; copper 1.5%; zinc 1.5%; boron 0.5%; magnesium 9.0%; iron 4.0%; molybdenum 0.1%; cobalt 0.03%; sulfur 7.0%.

For presowing seed treatment, the consumption rate of the drug: 100 g / t of seeds.

For foliar top dressing, the rate of consumption of the drug, depending on the crops.

For crops of closed soil - sheet nutrition 0.2-1 g / l with an interval of 2 weeks. For crops of open ground - 0.5-1.5 kg / ha. If necessary, it is recommended to repeat the use of the drug 2-4 times. The concentration of the solution is more than 0.1% (100 g of product per 100 l of water). It is recommended to use 300-1000 liters of water per 1 ha.

Example 5. Means for foliar processing of crops (prototype, patent RU No. 2377227).

To obtain funds for foliar feeding of crops, 8.7 l of warm water (t≈40 ° C) is dissolved in 0.3 kg of Trilon B, 9 g of potassium dichromate added, 0.15 kg of ferrous sulfate added, mixed until completely dissolved, introduced 3 g of nickel sulfate, add 0.68 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.283 kg of copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate in an amount of 0.62 kg and 0.045 kg of cobalt sulfate and mix until completely dissolved, add 0.075 kg of ferric chloride, lithium chloride 0.028 kg, 0, 09 kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.065 g of sodium tetrabornocis logo, 2.3 g of sodium selenite, 0.10 kg of manganese sulfate, 0.056 kg of urea, potassium sulfate 7 g, 0.055 kg of boric acid are introduced and mixed until the salts are completely dissolved.

Means for foliar top dressing of crops has the composition: total nitrogen (0.49 ± 0.01), manganese (0.29 ± 0.01), copper (0.64 ± 0.01), zinc (1.36 ± 0 , 1), boron (0.15 ± 0.05), magnesium (0.89 ± 0.05), iron (0.4 ± 0.01), molybdenum (0.44 ± 0.01), cobalt ( 0.084 ± 0.003), chromium (0.027 ± 0.015), selenium (0.009 ± 0.001), nickel (0.006 ± 0.0001), lithium (0.04 ± 0.001), potassium (0.06 ± 0.002), sulfur (5, 04 ± 0.04).

Trace elements: Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co - in chelated form.

This tool was used for foliar treatment of spring wheat plants during the growing season.

Table 1 shows the morphometric indicators obtained as a result of the use of funds according to examples 1-5 for pre-sowing and non-root treatment of spring wheat.

An analysis of the results showed that the quality of the crop depends on the development of the plant, which is reflected by these indicators, as well as indicators on the yield of spring wheat, presented in table 3.

Table 1 Morphometric indicators The length of seedlings Root length Flag sheet width Weight of seedlings Root weight Example 1 14.3 4.76 0.33 0.21 0,07 Example 2 32.3 17.7 0.46 0.51 0.11 Example 3 31,2 16.5 0.38 0.42 0.08 Example 4 30.5 15.0 0.37 0.37 0.08 Example 5 29.1 15.9 0.37 0.37 0,07

Additional studies to determine the photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation parameters of spring wheat plants showed that during the application of the claimed composition of trace elements to the plant, photosynthesis is activated and under the influence of its products (carbohydrates) the nitrogen-fixing mass of root microorganisms is formed and grows.

Table 2 presents data on the nitrogen-fixing activity of spring wheat plants, depending on microfertilizer treatment. Analysis of these data showed that the largest possible amount of fixed nitrogen is 6.67 μg N per hour / rast. was noted when processing plants with the claimed agent in Examples 2 and 3. In addition, high nitrogen-fixing activity was recorded when spraying vegetative plants with the agent in Example 5 - 5.83 μg N per hour / rast. Therefore, on these options there is an active consumption of nitrogen by plants. The smallest amount of fixed nitrogen was noted in all samples of Example No. 1 (control) - 0.139 μg N per hour / rst.

table 2 The rate of nitrogen fixation (μg N per hour / rast) Examples Out phase Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2 Sample No. 3 Average value Example 1 (water treatment) 0.127 0.155 0.132 0.139 Example 2 5.88 6.67 5.95 6.17 Example 3 4.3 5.02 3.88 4.4 Example 4 1,2 0.96 1,02 1.06 Example 5 5.30 6.50 5.70 5.83

Thus, we can conclude that the use of the claimed agent significantly stimulates the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which contributes to a more intensive consumption of available forms of nitrogen from the soil and better development of the vegetative organs of plants compared to the control variant without their use and the known means according to examples 4 and 5 (see table 1).

The obtained data on the rate of nitrogen fixation made it possible to make calculations for providing spring wheat plants with nitrogen through the use of the claimed funds and to evaluate the yield of spring wheat, costs and profits in relation to known means (see table 3).

Table 3 Examples The total amount of nitrogen, kg / ha Yield of spring wheat, t / ha Cost, RUB / ha Profit, rub./ha Example 1 0.71 0.22 0.50 155.4 Example 2 31.08 9.71 20.51 6864 Example 3 22.2 6.93 1.75 1238.9 Example 4 3,5 1.09 31,43 741.4 Example 5 29.4 6.4 35.0 6514.7

From the data presented in table 3, it is seen that the lowest yield of spring wheat in the control is 0.22 c / ha.

The use of presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds and foliar treatment in the tillering and tubing phases made it possible to obtain a significant yield increase in comparison with the control — 9.49 centner / ha and 0.51 centner / ha in comparison with the prototype, while the cost of presowing and non-root treatment with the product amounted to approximately 20 rubles / ha, and profit - 350 rubles / ha.

Thus, the use of the proposed funds in the field of agriculture makes it possible to obtain an economic effect relative to the closest analogue (US Pat. RF 2377227).

This invention expands the range of products for pre-sowing and non-root treatment of crops containing a complex of microelements in chelate form, and provides an increase in photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation of plants, which helps to increase productivity and improve the quality of crops, including cereals, as well as reducing labor costs in the manufacture of the working composition. It should be noted that the possibility of using the claimed means only for presowing seed treatment or foliar treatment of agricultural plants is not ruled out.

Claims (1)

Means for presowing seed treatment and foliar treatment of crops containing a composition of trace elements in the form of copper, zinc, boron, iron, molybdenum, cobalt and manganese, while trace elements zinc, copper, iron and cobalt are presented in chelate form, characterized in that it additionally contains vanadium (by element) and magnesium, while magnesium and manganese are in chelated form and are presented in the form of two separate aqueous solutions with the following content of the starting components, wt.%:
Solution 1
Copper (chelated) 0.6-2.8 Zinc (in chelated form) 0.9-2.7 Iron (in chelated form) 0.3-0.5 Cobalt (in chelated form) 0.08-0.26 Magnesium (in chelated form) 1.3-3.0 Manganese (in chelated form) 0.25-2.3 Water Rest
Solution 2
Molybdenum (by element) 0.54-1.2 Vanadium (by element) 0.07-0.11 Boron (by element) 0.15-0.5 Water Rest