RU2582358C1 - Integrated facilities for regulating plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: integrated means for controlling the growth of plants is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen agrochemical fertilizer Peroxide M agro and plant growth regulators 0.12% solution of arachidonic acid in 95% ethanol in the following proportions: 300 g/m PGMA + 20 ml/ton of arachidonic acid in 20 liters of water for pre-processing of potatoes 20 g / m + 1 PGMA ml/ton of arachidonic acid in 20 liters of water for pre-treatment of cereal seeds.

EFFECT: invention improves the yields of various crops.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a plant growth regulator in large agricultural organizations, farms and personal subsidiary plots to increase the yield of various crops.

A large number of plant growth regulators is known, of which 106 are registered in the “State catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation” used to increase yield and product quality.

Plant growth regulators, as a rule, are effective for individual stages of plant development and are mainly used in pre-sowing seed treatment, for pre-planting treatment of tubers, bulbs, seedlings, cuttings, seedlings, as well as foliar feeding (spraying) of vegetative plants.

The objective of the proposed invention is to create a more effective than currently used plant growth regulators means to increase the yield of various crops.

The solution to this problem is achieved by using a comprehensive tool for regulating plant growth, consisting of a mixture of nitrogen-oxygen mineral fertilizer "Peroxide M agro" and plant growth regulator arachidonic acid.

Fertilizer “Peroxide M agro” grade A (crystalline powder) consists of a mixture of urea peroxyhydrate (a complex chemical compound of urea with hydrogen peroxide) and a stabilizing additive of sodium tripolyphosphate with a mass fraction (in%, not less) of components: urea - 60.0; hydrogen peroxide - 31.0-36.0; nutrients: nitrogen - 27.8; peroxide oxygen - 15.2-15.0 and stabilizing additives - 5.0.

"Peroxide M agro" is used as an agrochemical - nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer with nematicidal and fungicidal properties for the main application in the soil and for root or foliar fertilizing of various crops, as well as for disinfecting the soil from cyst-forming potato and gall nematodes and as a growth regulator plants (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

From 2006 to 2012, the possibility of using Peroxide M Agro fertilizer (PGMA) as a plant growth regulator for growing Sante potatoes was studied on the experimental field of the GNU VNII Potato Farm (Moscow Region, Lyubertsy district, Korenevo settlement) . PGMA was used in preplanting treatment of tubers in the norm of 300 g / t / 10 l of water and / or one, two foliar top dressings [spraying of vegetative plants in the norm of 900 g / ha / 300 l of water: the first is in the full germination phase (10-15 cm ); the second - 14 days after the first treatment]. On average, over 7 years of testing, a yield increase of 22.6-44.1% was obtained compared to the background N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₁₂₀ . The greatest efficiency was established in the treatment of tubers - 30.1% and in the application of treatments "tubers + plants" - 44.1%.

There was a decrease in the spread of fungal diseases in potato tubers: common scab - by 18-32.9%, rhizoctoniosis - by 33% and late blight - by 43% compared to the background, as well as an increase in the quality of potatoes.

Thus, the use of nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer "Peroxide M agro" as a plant growth regulator in the norms of 9-2.7 kg / ha helps to increase the yield and quality of potatoes, reduce fungal diseases, and also improve the resistance of plants to drought.

The study of the stimulating properties of the Peroxide M agro fertilizer during pre-sowing treatment of potato tubers and foliar feeding (spraying) of vegetative plants was carried out in comparison with the control - background N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₁₂₀ and standards - the most effective plant growth regulators with crezacin, normal 1.6 g / t; 1.8 g / ha per 10 l / t of water; 20 g / ha 300 l of water / ha and Mival-Agro: 2 g / t, 6 g / ha 10 l / t of water and 20 g / ha, 200 l / ha of water.

When conducting field field tests at the FSUE OPH Korenevo (Moscow region, Lyubertsy district) in 2007, when presowing the treatment of potato tubers of the Sante variety, PGMA at a rate of 240 g / t and the standard growth regulator Krezacin was obtained almost identical Compared to control, potato yield.

When processing potato tubers with PHMA in doses: 120, 240 and 360 g per 1 ton of seed tubers, an inverse relationship was found between increasing doses of fertilizer and the damage of potato tubers to common scab: 120 g of PHMA - 41.3% scab; 240 g - 12.6%; 360 g of PGMA-7.5% scab. Whereas the defeat of potato tubers by scab when applying the standard - growth regulator Crezacin was 42.9%, and in the control - 40.6%.

Thus, the growth regulator Krezacin does not have fungicidal properties and does not contribute to the reduction of fungal diseases in potato tubers.

When conducting field field tests on the experimental field of the GNU All-Russian Research Institute of Potato in 2009, when pre-planting treatment of Sante potato tubers with PGMA fertilizer in the norm of 840 g / ha, 10 l of water / ha and vegetative plants twice in the norm of 840 g / 300 l of water / ha and the growth regulator Mival-Agro, it was found that the yield of healthy potatoes when using PGMA is greater compared to Mival-Agro and control. The yield of healthy potatoes in the conditions of 2009 depended on the number of potato tubers affected by common scab and other diseases. When using PHMA, the defeat of scab tubers was 2.8%, and when using Mival-Agro it was almost the same with the control - 13.1% and 15.5%. Therefore, the plant growth regulator Mival-Agro, like Krezacin, practically does not have fungicidal properties.

As a result of the study of the growth-promoting and fungicidal properties of Peroxide M agro nitrogen-fertilizer during the pre-planting treatment of potato tubers and foliar feeding (spraying) of vegetative plants in the norms of 9-2.7 kg / ha in 2007-2009. almost equally high results were revealed in increasing productivity, potato quality and improving plant resistance to drought from Peroxide M agro in comparison with the standards - plant growth regulators Krezacin and Mival-Agro.

Plant growth regulators Krezacin and Mival-Agro are organic chemical compounds obtained by synthetic methods that significantly increase yield, but do not have fungicidal properties.

In connection with the foregoing, to increase crop yields, it is advisable to use Peroxide M agro nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer mixture with fungicidal properties and plant growth regulators of a natural organic origin, such as bigus, narcissus, arachidonic acid, as plant growth regulators , endophytic mushrooms, ginseng, etc. We have chosen arachidonic acid for this purpose.

Arachidonic acid is obtained from seaweed and as a growth regulator use: 0.12% solution of acid in 95% ethyl alcohol in capsules or arachidonic acid ethyl ester in the norm of 90 g / kg in tablet form. The drug is used in accordance with the regulations for pre-sowing treatment of potato tubers, seeds of grain crops and foliar treatment of plants.

The following are the test results of the proposed comprehensive tools for regulating the growth of potatoes and crops (wheat).

Example 1. In a field experiment on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in VNIIKH them. A.G. Lorha (Moscow region, Lyubertsy district) studied the effectiveness of the agrochemical PGMA and growth regulator (a.a. arachidonic acid) separately and in a mixture during the pre-planting treatment of tubers of the Lyubava variety. The studied preparations (according to the scheme indicated in Table 1) were applied before planting on potato tubers in the form of an aqueous solution of 20 l / t. Potatoes were planted using the SN-4BK planter on May 11, 2013. The planting pattern was 75 × 30 cm. The plot area was 60 m ² , the experiment was repeated three times, and the arrangement of the plots was randomized by repetition. Potatoes were grown on the field after a grain predecessor (oats). Cleaning - August 10, 2013

As a control, the background of mineral fertilizers -N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K _{120 was used} . Potato planting care is generally accepted for the cultivation zone: two pre-emergence harrows, two post-emergence harrows and one hilling before closing the tops. During the potato growing season, the following treatments were carried out: before potato seedlings - with the Lazurit herbicide (1.5 l / ha); seedlings - selective herbicide “Titus” (50 g / ha) + Trend-90 adhesive (200 g / ha), 3 treatments for Colorado potato beetle (Regent at a dose of 20 g / ha) and 3 treatments for late blight (Sectin Phenomenon 1 , 0 kg / ha).

As a result, the high efficiency of the studied preparations of PHMA and arachidonic acid was established. The yield increase amounted to 29.3% of the treatment of tubers with the PHMA agrochemical and 12.5% of the treatment of tubers with a growth regulator (AI arachidonic acid). The synergism effect from the combination of drugs (PHMA + arachidonic acid) was noted - an increase of 35.5%, with a yield of 27.3 t / ha against the background of NPK without the use of drugs (Table 1).

Thus, in the field experiment, the high efficiency of the studied drugs was established. A yield increase of 35.5% from the combination of drugs was obtained (a mixture of the agrochemical PGMA and a growth regulator based on arachidonic acid), which proves the promise of combining the studied drugs for preplant treatment of potato tubers.

The experience confirmed the fungicidal effect of the drug PHMA in relation to fungal diseases. Common scab decreased by 1.2 times from treatment with PHMA tubers, treatment of tubers with arachidonic acid-based preparation gave a result close to control, with the combined action of the preparations, the prevalence of common scab decreased by 1.5 times. Rhizoctoniosis decreased 1.4 times from the treatment of PHMA tubers, from the combined action of two drugs 1.8 times. Late blight has decreased 2.4 times from the treatment of PHMA, from joint action - 2.8 times, i.e. the combined action of the agrochemical PGMA and the growth regulator based on arachidonic acid has a pronounced fungicidal activity.

The experiment was carried out under conditions of excessive moistening in 2013, and as a result, it was epiphytotic in the manifestation of late blight, therefore, the effect of drugs with respect to late blight was most pronounced, i.e. the combination of these drugs: nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer PHMA, which has fungicidal activity and a growth regulator based on arachidonic acid, which has an anti-stress effect, can be an important aspect in obtaining high potato yields, reducing diseases, and as a result, reducing fungicidal load.

The prevalence of fungal diseases on tubers was calculated by the formula: P% = n / N * 100, where P is the prevalence of diseases on tubers, n is the number of affected tubers in the sample, N is the number of all tubers in the sample (usually 100 pcs.).

The decisive aspect when growing food potatoes is to obtain healthy tubers, without signs of disease, which reduce the consumer qualities of the product. Thus, the use of the agrochemical PGMA led to an increase in the share of healthy potato tubers by a factor of 1.8, the use of arachidonic acid - by a factor of 1.2, and the combined action of drugs - by a factor of 2 (Table 2).

Example 2. In 2010, the VNIIF conducted a comparative biological effectiveness of the fluorine-containing growth regulator Floroxan (RF patent INEOS RAS No. 2369094) and the agrochemical "Peroxide M agro" when applied to seeds of test plants of grain crops.

Samples of the arable layer (0-20 cm) of sod-podzolic soil (Moscow Region, Odintsovo, experimental field of VNIIF, pH _salt 5, 6; humus 2.5%) were placed in waxed paper cups with a capacity of 600 g of soil and produced sowing test plants. The repetition of the experiment is 5-fold for each plant species, respectively, in the experimental and control variants. Rapeseed, corn, and sunflower were used as test plants. The studied preparations (according to the scheme indicated in Table 3) a day before sowing were applied to the seeds in the form of an aqueous solution in the norm of 20 g / t in 20 l of water in an amount of 5 pcs. for every glass.

Test plants were grown in an artificial climate chamber for 30 days under controlled conditions.

The growth-regulatory effectiveness of the peroxide M agrochemical and the plant growth regulator Floroxan was determined by the growth of test plants, the percentage of control (table. 3).

According to the data obtained, the growth-regulating effectiveness of the agrochemical - nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer “Peroxide M agro” - is almost at the same level with the growth regulator (stimulator) of Floroxan when applied to crops at a rate of 20 g / t in 20 l of water.

Example 3. In 2011, in the field, on the experimental field of the GNU VNIIF (Moscow region, Odintsovo district), the economic efficiency of the agrochemical PGMA and plant growth regulator arachidonic acid during presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds of the Engelina variety was assessed. For the field experiment, a plot of the field was used after pure steam. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic, medium loamy, medium cultivated. The studied preparations (according to the scheme indicated in Table 4) a day before sowing were applied to spring wheat seeds in the form of an aqueous solution in an amount of 20 l / t using the modernized stationary PSSh-5 installation. Sowing was carried out by the selection seeder SN-16 with a sowing rate of 220 kg / ha. The area of the experimental plots is 100 m ² , the repetition is 3-fold. During the growing season, experimental plantings of spring wheat in the tillering phase to control weeds were treated with DFZsuper herbicide at a dose of 0.12 l / ha and fed with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 50 kg / ha. Grain harvesting of experimental plots was carried out by direct combine harvesting using a small-sized combine Hege-125. The results of the assessment of grain yield by replicates were processed statistically based on the analysis of variance by comparing the average values of the variants of experience, control and standard at a probability level of 90%. The obtained data from the field experiment are shown in table 4.

As shown in the data in table 4, pre-sowing seed treatment with agrochemical PGMA and plant growth regulator arachidonic acid allows you to get a statistically proven increase in spring wheat grain yield from 3.6 to 6.2 c / ha. At the same time, the tank mixture of the agrochemical PGMA + plant growth regulator arachidonic acid in doses of 20 g / t + 1 ml / t of seeds significantly exceeded the initial components in efficiency.

Thus, with the help of a field plot experiment conducted in the Moscow region on spring wheat crops, high efficiency and promise for the practical use of the tank mixture of the agrochemical Peroxide M agro with plant growth regulator Arachidonic acid in doses of 20 g / t + 1 ml / t of seeds during pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds.

Information sources

1. Sorochkin I.N., Spiridonov Yu.A., Ermakova L.V., Grishakov Yu.S. Nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer with nematicidal and fungicidal properties. Econar LLC, RF Patent No. 2261269 of 04/14/03

2. Sorochkin I.N., Spiridonov Yu.A., Ivanushko V.N. et al. Plant growth regulator. RF patent No. 2355169 from 12.25.07.

3. Simakov EA, Sorochkin I.N., Ermakova L.V., Shestiperov A.A., Butenko K.O. and other guidelines for the identification of golden potato nematodes and the use of urea peroxyhydrate for the localization of foci of soil contamination. - M.: Russian Agricultural Academy VNIIKH. - 2008 .-- 23 p.

4. Sorochkin I.N., Fedotova L.S., Derevyagina M.K., Kravchenko A.V. and others. Highly effective method of using peroxid preparations in the cultivation of potatoes (Method. recommendations). - M.: Russian Agricultural Academy, VNIIKH. - 2010 .-- 19 p.

5. The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. Certificate on state registration of pesticide or agrochemical No. 16 dated 05/14/13 was issued by Econar LLC OGRN 1037739713032. In accordance with Federal Law of July 19, 1997 No. 109-FZ, agrochemical Peroxide M agro grade A, B received state registration for No. 179-15-16-1 for a period of 05/13/23 and is allowed for circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Claims (1)

A comprehensive tool for regulating plant growth, consisting of a mixture of the agrochemical of nitrogen-oxygen mineral fertilizer Peroxide M agro and plant growth regulator 0.12% solution of arachidonic acid in 95% ethanol in the following proportions:
- 300 g / t PHMA + 20 ml / t arachidonic acid in 20 l of water for preplant treatment of potato tubers;
- 20 g / t PHMA + 1 ml / t arachidonic acid in 20 l of water for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops.