RU2708914C1 - Method for cultivating winter camelina for seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to plant growing. Method involves location of sowing in broad-row manner and addition of alcohol distillery dregs mixed with mineral sulfur-containing water at ratio of 1:1 as fertilizer. Alexandrine clover is sown broad-row, and 10–15 days after the emergence of seedlings in the aisles, winter camelina is sown. At the same time in spring period during growing one-year clover is embedded into soil as a sideral culture. Remaining winter rye is fed with biopreparation Nikfan in concentration of 0.1 % aqueous solution mixed with fungicide Abiga-Peak in the same concentration.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase productivity of seeds of winter rye.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production and may find application in the cultivation of oilseed mushroom seeds.

There is a method in which the seeds of winter camelina are obtained using combined crops with legumes lentils (patent No. 2631077 published January 15, 2018, Bull. No. 2 IPC AOIG 1/00, AOIC 21/00).

However, in the known method, spring camelina is sown, the growing season of which coincides with the lentil culture, which does not provide an increase in seed yield.

The closest technical solution is the method in which to increase the seed productivity of winter camelina, mineral fertilizers and biological product Bactosan are introduced (Prakhova T.Ya. “Influence of elements of cultivation technology on the productivity of winter camelina in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region”, Ph.D. thesis. - Penza, 2003, p. 5).

In a known technical solution, the fertilizer and biological product increase the costs of cultivating saffron mushrooms, and the biological product Bactosan is not effective enough to increase seed productivity. The technical result is an increase in seed yield, reducing the cost of cultivating saffron mushrooms.

The technical solution of the claimed object is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype method, alcohol production waste is used as fertilizer, which is mixed with mineral sulfur-containing water in a ratio of 1: 1 and the one-year-old Alexandrian clover is sown widely, and 10-15 days after emergence , winter rye is sown in the row-spacing, while in spring, when the crops grow, the annual clover is planted in the soil as a sideral crop, and the winter rye remaining in the row-spacings is fed biofeed Rath Nikfan at 0.1% aqueous solution in admixture with a fungicide Abig-peak at the same concentration. The method is as follows:

After harvesting winter wheat, fertilizer is added alcoholic waste - vinasse, mixed with mineral sulfur-containing water in a ratio of 1: 1, which contributes to the rapid decomposition of crop residues, enriching the soil with nutrients. In addition, sulfur compounds are able to react with a number of heavy metals (iron, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, magnesium and others), which reduce their activity and are not accessible to plants.

Alexandrian clover, like a legume crop, is able to accumulate biological nitrogen from the air, and sulfur contained in mineral water also contributes to this process.

Hydrogen sulfide mineral spring Zakka (200 m above sea level, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) contains (mg / l); calcium - 320, magnesium - 96, sulfates - 118, chlorides - 180, nitrates - 89.4, hydrogen sulfide - 120, potassium - 2.1.

The content of a sufficient amount of calcium in mineral water reduces the acidity of the post-alcohol stillage, and sulfur compounds block the incidence of plants.

After processing and leveling the soil, Alexandrian clover (Trifolium alexcandrium L.) is sown widely, 10-15 days later, when clover seedlings are indicated, winter rye is sown in the aisle. With the growth of crops in spring, the rows of camelina are cultivated, closing up clover plants as a sideral culture, thereby reducing the number of weeds.

The culture of winter camelina is able to inhibit and suppress a number of weeds due to the high content of essential oils during the growing season.

Rutin glycoside contained in camelina, flavonoids inhibit seed germination of competing weed species in the soil.

The function of sulfur in the plant organism of clover and camelina is to maintain the level of redox potential of the cell due to the reversibility of the cysteine - cystine SH-glutathione S-S glutathione reaction. Sulfur is also a component of coenzyme A and vitamins (lipoic acid, biotin, thiamine), which play an essential role in respiration and lipid metabolism. The complex of macro- and microelements in wastes of distillery stillage and mineral water ensures high survival of plants, their winter hardiness, and reduction in morbidity.

The one-year-old clover sown in the row-aisles of saffron milk provides the plants with biological nitrogen due to nodule bacteria on the root system. This is especially important for the culture of camelina in the initial period of development.

During the growing season, winter camelina plants are affected by downy mildew. The use of the drug Abiga-Peak, which is non-toxic, does not accumulate in plants, quickly decomposes into harmless components, used in a mixture with the Nikfan biological product ensures the full development of camelina, and the formation of generative organs to obtain full seeds. Biological product Nikfan enhances root formation and photosynthesis, resistance to diseases, improves symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Due to the active activity of plants, their accumulating activity increases, heavy metals, nitrates and radionuclides in the soil, affecting seed productivity, decrease. The main active components of the drug are producer metabolism products: amino acids, enzymes, growth substances, including phytohormones (cytokinins, auxins, as well as components containing humic substances) that ensure the stability of the properties of the drug during the warranty period. The observed biological effects of the biological product are achieved by improving the nutrition of the vegetative organs, stimulating photosynthesis, regulating the work of plant own genes at the molecular level by the principle of hormonal signals in plants due to the penetration of the active parts of the drug using protein receptors through the cell wall of the plant. The drug Nikfan in a concentration of 0.1% aqueous solution reaches high efficiency when applied together with the fungicide Abiga-Peak, providing stimulation of the development of camelina and reducing its incidence.

Example 1: On leached chernozem with a pH of 6.2, winter wheat was harvested in early July. After grain harvesting, distilled distillery liquor was introduced in the amount of 150 l in which mineral water with a high hydrogen sulfide content was also added in an amount of 150 l. The liquid of both ingredients was mixed and irrigated with the crop residues of winter wheat. In August, the soil was cultivated, discarded, leveled and sown Alexandrian clover in a wide-row (row spacing 50 cm) with a sowing rate of 8 kg / ha. 10 days after emergence in the aisles, winter camelina was sown with a sowing rate of 10 kg / ha.

In the spring, after the growth of crops, in the rows between cultivators, the crops were cultivated, cutting the top layer of soil at a depth of 10-12 cm while mowing clover plants, closing them like a green manure. The remaining camelina was sprayed with an aqueous solution of a mixture of Nikfan biological product in a concentration of 0.1% (per 100 l of water 100 g of biological product) and Abiga-Peak fungicide in the same concentration.

Example 2: Tillage of the soil and row-spacing of camelina was carried out as in the first example, and in contrast to it, the cultivation of camelina was carried out 15 days after emergence of clover seedlings.

Consequently, due to the use of alcohol stillage, a waste of the alcohol industry and local sulfur-containing mineral water, the cost of mineral fertilizers is reduced, and the sowing of clover seeds in the rows of winter camelina with top dressing of biological products contributes to an increase in seed yield, its winter hardiness, oil content and a decrease in morbidity.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating winter camelina on seeds, including the placement of sowing in a wide row and fertilizer application, characterized in that the waste produced by alcohol is used as fertilizer - alcohol bard mixed with mineral sulfur-containing water in a ratio of 1: 1, Alexandrian clover is sown widely, and after 10- 15 days after the emergence of seedlings in the aisles, winter rye is sown, while in spring, when growing, the annual clover is planted in the soil as a sideral crop, and the orye rye remaining in the rows th biologic Nikfan fed at 0.1% of the aqueous solution in admixture with a fungicide Abig-peak at the same concentration.